机器人手术系统辅助食管癌根治术与胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术的近期疗效比较

目的：比较机器人手术系统辅助微创食管癌根治术（robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy,RAMIE）与胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术（video-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy,VAMIE）的近期疗效。方法：收集2016年1月至2018年3月在我院未行任何术前新辅助治疗并接受微创食管癌根治术的67例患者临床及病理资料。67例患者中,34例行RAMIE,设为机器人组,33例行VAMIE,设为胸腹腔镜组。结果：与胸腹腔镜组相比,机器人组的手术时间更长[（387.4±108.5） min vs.（320.6±65.6） min;Z=-2.598;P=0.009]。机器人组清扫淋巴结平均数量明显多于胸腹腔镜组[（25.5±6.2） vs. （21.9±7.1）;Z=-2.003;P=0.045]。机器人组和胸腹腔镜组在术中失血量[（180.9±383.1） mL vs.（222.1±431.4） mL;t=-0.464;P=0.644],术后平均住院时间[（16.7±9.8） d vs.（16.0±9.8） d;Z=-0.088;P=0.930]以及总体并发症（32.4％ vs. 36.4％; χ2=0.119;P=0.730）之间无明显统计学意义。结论：与VAMIE相比,RAMIE治疗食管癌安全可行,且可以清扫更多的淋巴结。     

开腹和腹腔镜胃癌根治对比

目的比较开腹和腹腔镜胃癌根治患者围手术期的相关指标的差异,进一步探讨差异存在的主要原因。方法采用回顾性研究,对2011年1月至2014年12月收治的胃恶性肿瘤行手术治疗的183例患者进行对比分析,其中67例行开腹胃癌根治术(开腹组),116例行腹腔镜胃癌根治术(腹腔镜组)。结果开腹组和腹腔镜组的手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但开腹组术中出血量多于腹腔镜组,术后恢复过程中,两组的术后第1天、术后第3天和术后第5天的白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血小板的变化比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),同时两组的术后输血、血浆和白蛋白量,以及腹腔引流总量、腹腔引流管拔除时间、患者术后排气时间、下床活动时间和住院时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下胃癌根治术患者的围手术期相关指标优于开腹胃癌根治术。     

新型头部γ刀建设项目放射防护控制效果评价

目的 评价新型头部γ刀机房的放射防护状态及防护设施的有效性、合理性,进而保证相关人员的健康安全。 方法 依据国家有关法规和标准,结合建设单位提交的新型γ刀及机房的材料,进行现场调查和放射防护检测,然后综合分析评价。 结果 新型头部γ刀性能检测结果满足GBZ 168-2005标准的要求;工作场所的周围剂量当量率在0.11~0.18 μSv/h,γ刀机房屏蔽满足放射防护要求;个人防护用品等放射防护设施和工作人员个人剂量监测、健康体检制度及相应的规章制度均达标。 结论 该新型头部γ刀建设项目可有效控制放射性职业病危害因素,放射防护设施达到了竣工验收的要求。     

经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对2018年3月至2019年8月采取经皮椎间孔镜技术减压治疗的31例老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄患者进行回顾性分析,其中男16例,女15例,年龄65~81(71.13±5.20)岁,病程3个月~7年,平均(14.36±6.52)个月。采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估术前及术后1,6,12个月临床症状及功能状态;末次随访采用改良Macnab标准评估临床疗效。结果:手术均顺利完成,手术时间75~120(97.84±11.22)min。31例患者均获得随访,时间12~28(17.29±5.56)个月。术后1、6、12个月腰腿痛VAS及ODI较术前均得到明显改善(P<0.01)。末次随访采用改良Macnab标准评定疗效,结果优23例,良5例,可3例。1例患者神经根与周围组织粘连严重,术后出现下肢感觉异常,给予中药加营养神经药物等保守治疗,术后2周恢复。无神经根损伤、感染等并发症出现。结论:椎间孔镜技术在局麻下进行,操作时间短,在保证充分减压的同时又可减少并发症发生,是治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的一个安全、有效的的手术方法。     

基于Faster R-CNN及增强CT图像自动检测肝血管瘤

目的 基于快速区域卷积神经网络（Faster R-CNN）构建肝血管瘤自动检测系统,观察其检出增强CT图像中的肝血管瘤的效能。方法 收集经腹部增强CT诊断的128例肝血管瘤患者、共2 304幅增强CT图像,按8∶2比例将其分为训练集（n=102）和测试集（n=26）,分别含1 836幅及468幅增强CT图像。利用Faster R-CNN、针对增强CT图像构建自动检测肝血管瘤系统,基于迁移学习方案,采用Resnet50预训练分类网络作为提取特征模块的基础骨架,以区域提议网络提取训练集增强CT图像特征,以边界框分类回归模块输出预测边框的精确位置坐标和类别的概率分数。训练过程中绘制Loss曲线,评估模型对训练集的训练效果及其稳定性;采用随机梯度下降法作为优化器对参数进行调整,以提升模型性能。通过平均精度均值（mAP）评估系统检出测试集增强CT图像中的肝血管瘤的效能。结果 训练集训练过程损失函数Loss曲线中,自动检测系统呈快速下降趋势,提示模型学习能力良好,预测性能稳定。mAP曲线显示,迭代次数epoch为40~80时,系统对测试集468幅增强CT图像检出肝血管瘤的mAP为0.962~0.973,波动小,提示模型已收敛,自动检测效果良好。结论 基于Faster R-CNN的增强CT图像自动检测系统可有效检出肝血管瘤。     

Toyama Yakuken 祛痘套装治疗轻中度寻常痤疮的效果

目的 探究Toyama Yakuken祛痘套装在轻中度寻常痤疮中的治疗效果。方法 选取2022年1月-12月长治市人民医收治的46例轻中度寻常痤疮患者作为研究对象,连续使用祛痘套装28 d,分别于第7、14、28天进行随访,采用CBS云镜面部分析,并统计临床疗效以及安全性。结果 治疗后28 d皮损数量少于治疗前（P＜0.05）;治疗总有效率为80.43%;治疗后28 d皮肤油脂低于治疗前,毛孔收缩程度高于治疗后,皮肤平滑度高于治疗前（P＜0.05）;治疗后28 d炎症面积与平均红色素浓度均低于治疗前,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗期间随访,无不良反应发生。结论 Toyama Yakuke祛痘套装可通过控油、收缩毛孔和控制炎症等作用改善患者皮肤平滑度,且无不良反应,值得临床应用。     

前瞻性与回顾性心电门控技术256层CT 冠状动脉支架成像质量的对比研究

目的：比较前瞻性和回顾性心电门控技术在256层 CT 冠状动脉支架成像的图像质量及剂量中的价值。方法回顾性分析161例临床冠心病支架术后256层 CT 冠状动脉成像在稳定心率情况下,成像质量将前瞻性心电门控、回顾性心电门控扫描病例分2组。图像质量分为优、良、一般、差4等级,对其结果进行对比,并对比2种门控辐射剂量差异。结果161例中,87例(158枚支架)前瞻性心电门控,74例(159枚支架)回顾性心电门控。优秀图像分别为30例(34.5%)、9例(12.2%)(χ2=10.853,P =0.001);良好图像分别为45例(51.7%)、41例(55.4%)(χ2=0.218,P=0.641);一般图像分别为12例(13.8%)、21例(28.4%)(χ2=5.22,P =0.022);较差图像分别为0例(0.0%)、3例(4.0%)(χ2=1.719,P=0.190)。前瞻性和回顾性电门控辐射剂量分别为5.3074 mSv、17.564 mSv(z =-10.919,P =0.001)。前瞻性心电门控辐射剂量较回顾性心电门控辐射低约69.8%。结论在稳定心率情况下,前瞻性心电门控图像质量优于回顾性心电门控,而且射线剂量明显减小。     

Clinical outcomes of toe amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in Tianjin,China

The aim of this study is to determine the predictors for reulceration, reamputation and mortality in patients with diabetes following toe amputation, and the impact of activities of daily living on clinical outcomes. This prospective cohort study included 245 patients who had undergone toe amputation (202 healing and 43 non‐healing) and was followed for a 5‐year period. Data regarding new foot ulceration, reamputation and mortality were recorded, and the patients' activities of daily living were evaluated. The rate of wound healing was 82·4%. The rate of follow‐up in the healed group was 91·6%. In years 1, 3 and 5, the cumulative incidence of patients who developed a new foot ulcer was 27·3%, 57·2% and 76·4%, respectively, leading to reamputation in 12·5%, 22·3% and 47·1%, respectively. The cumulative mortality was 5·8%, 15·1% and 32·7% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that GHbA1c > 9% (75 mmol/mol) was identified as an independent predictor of impaired wound healing, reulceration and reamputation. An age of >70 years was identified as an independent predictor of reamputation, mortality and impairment of activities of daily living. Despite a satisfactory initial healing rate after the first toe amputation, with the extension course after the toe amputation, the long‐term outcomes are not optimistic. In developing countries like China, taking measures to prevent reulceration and reamputation is very important for patients with diabetic foot minor amputations, especially following toe amputation.     

Effect of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 on the regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 expression in mesangial cells induced by high glucose

Objective To investigate the role of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in the regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in human glomerular mesangial cells induced by high glucose. Methods Cultured human glomerular mesangial cells were divided into normal control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose group (30.0 mmol/L glucose) which was cultured for 12 h to 72 h. The gene expression of TET2 in mesangial cells were inhibited by small molecule chemical called SC1, and which were divided into high glucose group (30.0 mmol/L glucose+DMEM), DMSO group (30.0 mmol/L glucose+0.1%DMSO) and SC1 group (30.0 mmol/L glucose+3 μmol/L SC1). The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1, TET1 to 3 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Methylation of CpG islands in the regulation region of TGF-β1 was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The activity of mesangial cell proliferation was assessed by colorimetry of thiazolyl blue (MTT). Results Compared with normal control group, the mRNA and protein expression of TET2 in mesangial cells induced by high glucose was increased significantly in a time-dependent manner (all P＜0.05), but the expression of TET1 and TET3 was not affected. Meanwhile methylation rate of 4 CG sites from 24 h to 72 h were decreased in the first exon of TGF-β1 (P＜0.01), but not in the promoter. Compared with high glucose group, when the expression of TET2 was inhibited by SC1, the methylation rate of TGF-β1 was recovered evidently (P＜0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA was suppressed, and the proliferation of mesangial cells was decreased (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Demethylation of the CpG island mediated by TET2 may play an important role in the expression of TGF-β1 and mesangial cell phenotype transformation induced by high glucose.     

Effects of low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on plateau frostbite healing in rats

Plateau frostbite (PF) treatments have remained a clinical challenge because this condition injures tissues in deep layers and affected tissues exhibit unique pathological characteristics. For instance, low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) can affect tissue restoration and penetrate tissues. Therefore, the effect of PEMF on PF healing should be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low‐frequency PEMF on PF healing systematically. Ninety‐six Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: normal control, partial thickness plateau frostbite (PTPF), and PTPF with low‐frequency PEMF exposure (PTPF + PEMF). PTPF wounds were induced in the dorsum of the rats. The PTPF + PEMF group was exposed to low‐frequency PEMF daily. During PF healing, wound microcirculation in each group was monitored through contrast ultrasonography. Wound appearance, histological observation, and wound tensile strength were also evaluated. Results showed that the rate of the microcirculation restoration of the PTPF + PEMF group was nearly 25% faster than that of the PTPF group, and wound appearance suggested that the healing of the PTPF group was slower than that of the PTPF + PEMF group. Histological observation revealed that PEMF accelerated the growth of different deep tissues, as confirmed by tensile strength examination. Low‐frequency PEMF could penetrate PF tissues, promote their restoration, and provide a beneficial effect on PF healing. Therefore, this technique may be a potential alternative to treat PF.