内镜辅助方型脸改型术

目的探讨内镜在方型脸改型术中的临床应用效果。方法采用口内入路，在内镜辅助下，用高速涡轮气钻截除肥大下颌角、切除部分咬肌和颊脂垫，进行方型脸的面部改型。结果本组共38例，其中男3例，女35例，年龄21～40岁。内镜完全可以清楚显示下颌升支、下颌角、下颌体下缘，视野清晰。使用高速涡轮气钻截除肥大下颌角可以更加精确和容易，且创伤小，出血少，手术时间短，感染风险低。下面部轮廓改善满意。结论内镜辅助方型脸改型术，有助于获得良好的手术效果。     

后牙两段式可摘局部义齿的设计与制作

目的:改进常规可摘局部义齿设计的不足,增进固位、稳定。方法:采用两段式义齿结构、两个就位方向和插销锁连接固定。结果:义齿的固位、稳定效果明显提高。结论:插销式分段义齿是对常规可摘局部义齿的一种补充,对主基牙过度倾斜、固位要求高的患者,能够明显改善修复效果。     

充气温控毯用于神经外科手术患者的控温效果

目的评价充气温控毯用于神经外科手术患者的控温效果。方法40例择期行平卧位脑肿瘤切除术患者,年龄16—65岁,体重41-72 kg,ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=20):A组,术中充气温控毯24℃风档进行降温,肿瘤切除完毕前30 min进行复温;B组,术中充气温控毯维持中心温度正常(35．2—36．60℃)。均采用气管内静吸复合麻醉,静脉注射异丙酚1．5～2 mg／kg、芬太尼4-6μg／kg、维库溴铵0．1～0．2 mg／kg诱导,吸入0．6％-1．2％异氟醚维持;吸入氧浓度40％;异丙酚1．5～2 mg·kg-1·h-1持续输注;维库溴铵1～2 mg间断静脉注射。每5分钟记录1次中心温度(鼻咽温),观察围术期不良反应及并发症。结果A组2例患者因手术时间超过24 h剔除,共38例进行统计。A组患者降温速率(1．11±0．05)℃／h,复温速率(0．74±0．09)℃／h。A组患者89％(16/18)在硬脑膜打开前达到目标温度34℃,平台期平均中心温度(34．3±0．5)℃,距34℃最大升幅0．52℃,最大降幅为0．23℃。A组患者67％(12／18)手术结束时中心温度恢复正常。返回ICU后A组患者中心温度(返回ICU时实测温度的均值)(35．8±0．6)℃低于B组(36．6±0．4)℃(P<0．05)。A组患者4例术后出现寒颤、3例发热、1例死亡。结论神经外科手术中应用充气温控毯可较理想地降低体温,相对于降温效率其复温效率偏低。     

Measurement of alveolar derecruitment in patients with acute lung injury: computerized tomography versus pressure–volume curve

Introduction  

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-induced lung derecruitment can be assessed by a pressure–volume (P–V) curve method or by lung computed tomography (CT). However, only the first method can be used at the bedside. The aim of the study was to compare both methods for assessing alveolar derecruitment after the removal of PEEP in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome.     

后十字韧带重建后移植物组织学与胶原表型的变化

目的探讨采用半腱肌腱重建后十字韧带（posterior cruciate ligament,PCL）后移植物的组织学与胶原表型的变化.方法取20只成年新西兰大白兔,实验组18只切除右膝PCL后即刻用双股自体半腱肌腱重建,实验组于术后3、6、52周各处死动物2只,12、26周各处死动物6只,切取半腱肌腱移植物;对照组2只直接切取半腱肌腱和PCL.标本采用HE、甲苯胺蓝以及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原免疫组化染色观察移植物的组织学与胶原表型变化,并与正常半腱肌腱和PCL进行比较.结果常规组织化学染色显示正常半腱肌腱和PCL在细胞构成上有明显的差别,PCL内可见软骨样细胞;重建后的移植物经过坏死、细胞重新长入、胶原形成和重塑阶段,52周时形成的结构类似于正常PCL,但在纤维排列上与正常PCL仍有差异.免疫组织化学染色结果显示正常PCL纤维内部仅有Ⅰ型胶原表达,重建韧带Ⅰ型胶原染色随时间延长从少到多,Ⅲ型胶原染色从多到少,52周时移植物内局部仍有表达.结论采用半腱肌腱重建PCL 52周时移植物和正常PCL结构相似,但仍有差异.     

血色病肝脏铁过度沉着症1例

1.病例资料：患者，男，48岁。以“乏力、多饮、多尿、多食，伴消瘦4个月，加重1周”入院。既往有乙型肝炎和地中海贫血病史30年，无输血史，无血色病家族史，曾行“脾脏切除”治疗。查体：慢性贫血面容，全身皮肤黄染有散在色素沉着，巩膜黄染，双手肝掌，男性乳房发育；肼右肋下3cm，剑突下5cm，质硬；腹部未触及肿块。     

扶正固本法对青少年哮喘患者基因表达的影响

目的 研究复方中药敏康片治疗青少年哮喘的疗效和作用机理。方法 选择20例青少年哮喘患者进行治疗，另设青少年特应性皮炎患者组（20例）和青少年正常组（19例）为对照。哮喘组和皮炎组口服敏康片，疗程为6个月，观察疗效、血清总IgE及FcεRIβ、IL-4Rα基因表达改变情况。结果 哮喘组显效6例，有效12例，无效2例，总有效率90％；皮炎组显效4例，有效13例，无效3例，总有效率85％；哮喘组IgE治疗前后有显著差异（P〈0．01）。皮炎组IgE治疗前后有差异（P〈0．05）；用Northern blot法检测FctRlt3、IL-4Rα基因，IL-4Rα吸光度值两组治疗前均较正常组高，哮喘组治疗后降低。FcεRIβ吸光度值两组治疗前均较正常组高，治疗后均降低。结论 复方中药可以调整青少年哮喘患者相关基因表达，改善患者过敏状态，缓解临床症状。     

大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.     

间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂68例临床分析

目的:观察和评价间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂的临床疗效。方法:将68例直肠黏膜内脱垂患者随机分成两组,治疗组(36例)采用经间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗,对照组(32例)采用单纯硬化注射治疗。并对临床资料进行分析总结。结果:术后3个月随访,治疗组与对照组的症状、体征总得分比较,治疗组均优于对照组。结论:纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗后症状消除快,近远期疗效佳。     

Thyroid diseases associated with interferon α treatment for viral hepatitis

There are many complications during the interferon alpha (IFNα) treatment for viral hep-atitis,and thyroid disease is the most common side-effect in endocrine aspects. Thus, clinicians are drawing much attention to the interferon induced thyroiditis (IIT). Though the etiology is not clear,some factors may contribute to the susceptibility to IIT, such as genetic predisposition, gender,and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in-fection. The pathogenesis may be secondary to immune modulation by IFNα and/or by its direct effects on the thyroid. Autoimmune IIT may manifest as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the development of thyroid antibodies without clinical symptoms. Non-autoimmune IIT can manifest as destructive thyroiditis or hypothyroidism with negative thyroid antibodies. Screening for autoantibodies and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is recommended before, during and after IFNα treatment. Early detection and therapy of these conditions is important.