Sustained-release theophylline-uniphyllin in nocturnal asthmatics

For a period of six months, we collected 12 cases of nocturnal asthmatics (7 males, 5 females); their ages ranged from 20 to 66 (the average age is 49). We found that administration of Uniphyllin (10 mg/kg) once a day at 6 PM could maintain the blood level of theophylline within therapeutic range at least 12 to 24 hrs. The peak expiratory flow rate of the 6 cases we collected, were significantly improved. The result of pharmokinetic parameters: 1) The average of a single dose (12 cases) is AUC (ug. hr/ml) 275.1 +/- 62. k; Kel (hr-1) 0.068 +/- 0.019; Ka (hr-1) 0.33 +/- 0.07); Tmax (hr) 6.3 +/- 1.4; T 1/2 (hr) 11.2 +/- 4.4; Clearance/F (ml/kg/hr) 37.9 +/- 9.0.2). The average of steady state (12 cases) is Css (mg/L) 5. 7 +/- 2.6; Cmax-Cmin (mg/L) 10.09 +/- 1.46.3). The average of relative bioavailability (3 cases) is 82%, 83%, 102%. However, the extent of absorption data is available for only 3 subjects. There are too few subjects to draw any meaningful conclusions about this relative bioavailability. Four cases show slight symptoms, including 1 case of dizziness, 2 cases of nausea, and 1 case gaseousness. It is suggested that the drug be administered at about 6-8 PM to coincide peak levels in the early morning in nocturnal asthmatics.     

Change in chromatogram patterns after volatilization of some aroclors, and the associated quantitation problems

PCBs with the highest vapor pressures (fewest chlorines) in Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254 and 1268 were enriched in the vapor phase relative to the original Aroclor during volatilization from a glass surface for up to 8 hr. PCBs with the lowest vapor pressures (most highly chlorinated) were enriched in the corresponding residue. Thus, visual matching of gas chromatograms with those of Aroclor standards may not be sufficient to identify a specific Aroclor since the past history of a sample is often unknown. The enrichment also was detected using isomeric classes, but not using total chlorine content. The perchlorination method and the Webb-McCall method using all chromatographic peaks agreed quantitatively; this was not always so for the NIOSH multiple peaks and the Webb-McCall methods.     

Skin cancer in the elderly

This article discusses the relation between aging and development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Possible age-related risk factors for development of such cancers are cumulative exposure to ultraviolet irradiation from the sun, decreased DNA repair capacity, decreased immunosurveillance, reduced melanocyte density, and altered dermal matrix. Clinical features of basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and keratoacanthoma are discussed.     

不同屈光状态的模糊敏感度比较

目的分析不同屈光组模糊阈值之间的差异,探讨模糊阈值在近视发生发展中的可能作用机制。方法38名志愿者参加本实验,正视组15位,等效球镜度为0.50～-0.50D;近视组23位,其中稳定性近视组17位,屈光不正平均为(-4.76±1.40)D,进展性近视组6位,屈光不正平均为(-3.33±1.43)D。受试者在屈光全矫基础上,采用JND标准测量模糊阈值。结果正视组模糊阈值为(0.21±0.06)D,稳定性近视组为(0.27±0.05)D,进展性近视组为(0.33±0.06)D。近视组的模糊阈值高于正视组(P=0.001),近视组中,进展性近视组的模糊阈值高于稳定性近视组(P=0.028)。结论近视对模糊的敏感度下降,其中进展性近视的敏感度下降更显著,这可能是近视调节滞后增加的部分原因。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测小鼠血浆中FG020326方法的建立

目的建立测定多药耐药(multidrugresistance,MDR)逆转剂FG020326在KM小鼠血浆中血药浓度的方法。方法将KM小鼠(20·0~25·1)g随机分组,每组6只,♀♂各半,尾静脉注射,给药量为30mg·kg-1,分时取血、处理。采用反相色谱柱,应用外标法测定FG020326在KM小鼠血浆中的血药浓度。结果在所建立的方法学下,FG020326的保留时间为7·9min;标准曲线为Y^=0·0144X-0·0285(r=0·9998),在162·5~41600μg·L-1血浆浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测浓度40μg·L-1(S/N=3);在650、2600、20800μg·L-1低、中、高3个浓度下的绝对回收率为68·66%~84·63%,相对回收率为92·58%~110·88%;日内及日间RSD均小于3·2%(n=5)。在室温及冷冻-解冻试验中,FG020326具有良好的稳定性,RSD分别小于1·3%和6·0%。尾静脉单次给药后,FG020326在体内过程符合二室模型,T12α为0·088h,T21β为5·33h,AUC0~∝为14183h·μg·L-1,Vd为0·37L。结论该方法快速、准确、简便,能够满足FG020326药代动力学研究要求。     

龙眼参提取物对耐药口腔上皮样癌细胞株KB／MIT及耐药乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7／ADR的逆转作用

目的：研究龙眼参提取物XCKB／MIT细胞及MCF-7／ADR细胞株的耐药逆转作用。方法：设计4个不同浓度的龙眼参提取物组，采用MTT方法．测定体外培养的阿霉素敏感株MCF-7及其耐药株MCF-7／ADR以及米托蒽醌敏感株KB及其耐药株KB／MIT的IC50。结果：MCF-7／ADR耐药株及KB／MIT耐药株在龙眼参提取物与阿霉素或米托蒽醌的联合用药中其IC50值分别接近于单独用约于敏感株MCF-7和KB的水平．而与单独用药于耐药株其IC50有显著性差异。结论：龙眼参提取物可以逆转MCF7／ADR和KB／MIT的耐药性。     

2001年广西疟疾防治效果及流行特征分析

目的：分析2001年全区疟疾防治效果、流行趋势、流行特征，为疟疾防治与监测提供依据。方法：对全区2001年疟疾监测结果和调查结果资料进行分析研究。结果：2001年全区疟疾发病率、居民原虫阳性率分别比上年降低21．74％及16．67％，91．49％的当地感染的病人分布在山区县，86．02％的病灶村为1例病人。流动人口检出疟疾病例数占各类人群血检检出疟疾病例总数的87．89％，外出回归人员检出病例中84．79％的病人从事与野外作业相关的工种。结论：全区大部分地区为低疟区，局部地区疟疾传播仍未阻断。流动人口和山区复媒地区是当前疟疾监测的重点。     

家蚕的抗氟性及其与数量性状的相关研究

测定家蚕幼虫抗氟中毒的抵抗能力,4龄>3龄>2龄。强抗原种杂变组成的杂种一代,抗性介于两亲之间,弱抗原种杂交组成的杂种一代,其抗性表现出超亲的遗传现象,不同浓度的氟素对品种间的生长发育影响有着显著的差异,说明了品种间的抗氟能力存在着差别;抗氟性与DNV抗性有着显著的相关性;与茧质性状表现为不显著的正相关,抗氟性与蚕血中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量无明显的相关关系。     

室间隔缺损患者肺动脉压的多因素分析

本文对４３例经心导管证实的空间隔缺损患者进行了多因素逐步回归分析，发现在２３项临床参数中，对肺动脉压有显著影响的因素，依次为红细胞压积、周围血管征、空间隔缺损大小、心脏杂音强度、心胸比率（ｒ＝０．８０２８），并初步探讨了各因素对肺动脉压的影响机制，旨在能非创伤性地动态了解患者肺动脉压力，为临床工作提供参考依据。