婴幼儿青霉素皮试结果判断的影响因素及对策

目的：探讨科学准确实施婴幼儿青霉素皮试的方法。方法：对256例接受青霉素皮试的婴幼儿中的56例可疑阳性进行对照试验，分析婴幼儿青霉素皮试判断结果的影响因素并提出对策。结果：影响婴幼儿青霉素皮试判断结果的因素依次为生理特点、皮肤消毒剂、操作因素等，通过采用规范婴幼儿青霉素皮试判断标准及操作方法、对照试验等方法，使婴幼儿青霉素皮试阳性率由文献报道的16．2％下降到5．4％。结论：通过护理干预，采用正确的皮试方法，可有效减少婴幼儿青霉素皮试假阳性的发生。     

以SEAM预处理方案行自体外周血干细胞移植治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤

背景:造血干细胞移植治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤前,预处理方案对移植效果至关重要.目前经典BEAM方案中的药物卡莫司汀在国内不易购得,且该方案毒副作用较大,复发率较高.目的:以司莫司汀取代卡莫司汀组成SEAM预处理方案,观察自体外周血干细胞移植治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤的效果.设计、时间及地点:病例分析,于2003-06/2006-02和解放军成都军区昆明总医院血液科进行.对象:选取同期收治的15例Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非何杰金淋巴瘤患者,男13例,女2例,平均年龄43.8岁,均经过2～8个疗程的制化疗,CR1 4例,CR2 1例,部分缓解10例;病理证实T细胞淋巴痛3例,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤12例;移植前复查肝肾功能及肺功能均正常.组成SEAM预处理方案的4种药物:司莫司汀(Semustine)为浙江瑞新公司产品,批号20071 125;足叶乙甙(Etopside)为江苏恒瑞公司产品,批号07101231:阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)为浙江海正公司产品,批号080103A;马法兰(Mephalan)为葛兰素史克产品,批号7001.方法:皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员后12 d采集患者外周血干细胞,与羟乙基淀粉、人血白蛋白及二甲基亚砜配成冻存液移植备用.动员后1个月行自体外周血干细胞移植,移植前患者行SEAM预处理方案:移植前8 d门服司莫司汀320 mg/m2.移植前7 d-移植前4 d,静滴足叶乙甙200 mg/m3,1次/d;静滴阿糖胞苷200 mg/m2,1次/12 h.移植前3 d～移植前2 d,静滴马法兰70 mg/m2,1次/d.移植当天将预先冻存的自体外周血干细胞水浴解冻,经锁骨下静脉插管快速回输给患者,一般输注细胞量为(3.0～5.0)×108/kg.主要观察指标:①预处理的毒副作用.②移植后造血功能恢复.③疾病转归. 结果:SEAM颅处理过程中15例患者均出现不同程度消化道反应,1例出现心动过速,3例出现肝功能损害.所有患者在自体外周血干细胞移植后造血功能均快速重建.中件粒细胞计数≥0.5×109L-1的中位时间为11 d,血小板计数≥20×109 L-1的中位时间为13 d.中位随访时间39个月,13例患者无病存活,2例分别于移植后4,13个月死于疾病复发.结论:非何杰金淋巴瘤患者对SEAM预处理方案耐受性好,该方案毒副作用轻微,造血重建恢复较快,目前随访治疗效果较好.     

我国中西部农村基层卫生服务机构过度使用注射情况分析

目的 了解农村医疗机构过度使用注射的严重程度及其对处方费用的影响.方法 本文以我国中西部9省市农村基层卫生服务机构为对象,对乡村两级基层医疗机构用药处方进行分析.结果 我国中西部农村医疗机构的处方注射使用率为25.8%～62.2%,平均值为45.1%,显著高于WHO标准(13.4%～24.1%),滥用注射情况严重;滥用注射导致处方费用增加,过度使用注射与基层卫生机构所在地的经济水平有关,也和卫生机构自身的规模和提供的医疗卫生服务量有关.结论 建议政府卫生部门加强管理,制定相应的政策和措施,加强医护人员的培训,加强群众的健康教育,结合实际探讨农村地区行之有效的注射管理模式,减少滥用注射.     

以一氧化氮为例浅析中医学“气”本质的研究思路

"气"作为中医学的一个基本概念,在病因病机阐述、临床诊断、治疗方法确定、方药选择、养生指导等多方面被广泛应用,但至今对于其本质的研究并未取得实质性进展。究其原因主要在于未能将具体的、物质的气完全从哲学概念中剥离出来。为此笔者作了初步探索,提出了气本质研究应当遵循的三大原则。并以一氧化氮为例,对三大原则进行了分析。同时笔者也初步提出了气本质的物质基础与一氧化氮密切相关,为中医气本质研究提供一个全新思路。     

中西医结合治疗2期以上血栓闭塞性脉管炎54例疗效评价

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗2期以上血栓闭塞性脉管炎的疗效。方法:选取我院血管外科2012年7月至2016年3月54例2期以上血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者采用前列地尔,阿司匹林等扩管,抗血小板治疗及抗感染,并同时根据患者临床表现分为虚寒型,瘀滞型,热毒型,气血两虚型进行中医辨证治疗。局部溃疡给予局部外用中药,清创等对症处理。观察评价所有患者的治疗效果。结果:平均住院治疗37.5 d,9例坏疽患者有2例因缺血症状加重截肢,3例足趾呈干性坏疽而自行脱落;有42例在住院期间疼痛得到不同程度的改善,12例疼痛无明显改善;38例溃疡15例完全愈合,15例溃疡缩小,8例溃疡未见好转。出院时疗效为治愈17例,13例显效,17例进步,7例无效。总有效率87.1%。结论:中西医结合治疗2期以上血栓闭塞性脉管炎具有良好疗效。     

Rikkunshito (TJ-43) Improved Reduction of Food Intake in a Murine Cardiac Transplantation Model

Rikkunshito (TJ-43), an eight-component traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been used in clinics for gastritis, vomiting, and appetite loss. We investigated the effects of TJ-43 on the amelioration of appetite loss in the surgical-exposed model of murine cardiac allograft transplantation. CBA mice underwent transplantation of a CBA (syngeneic group) or C57BL/6 heart (allogeneic group) and received oral administration of 2 g/kg/d of TJ-43 from the day of transplantation until 7 days afterward. The amount of food intake (FI) and weight change after operation were recorded from 1 to 28 postoperative days. The allogeneic group had less average amounts of FI for 1 week compared with the syngeneic group (FI was 1.90 ± 0.43 g and 2.66 ± 0.46 g, respectively). Average FIs between the syngeneic and allogeneic groups with TJ-43 for 1 week were 2.36 ± 0.44 g and 2.30 ± 0.13 g, respectively, and those with distilled water were 2.66 ± 0.46 g and 1.90 ± 0.43 g, respectively, suggesting that exposure with TJ-43 tended to ameliorate the reduction of FI. Similarly, the effect on the amelioration of average FI in syngeneic and allogeneic groups exposed for 2 weeks was confirmed. However, exposure to with TJ-43 had no effects on FI after 4 weeks. TJ-43 could prevent reduction of average FI induced by the surgical-exposed model of murine cardiac allograft transplantation.     

Induction of Regulatory CD4+ Cells and Prolongation of Fully Major Histocompatibility Complex Mismatched Murine Cardiac Allograft by Shigyakusan

Shigyakusan (also known as Tsumura Japan [TJ]-35) is composed of peony, bitter orange, licorice, and Bupleuri radix is used for cholecystitis and gastritis as an anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the effect of TJ-35 on alloimmune response in a murine heart transplantation model. CBA mice that underwent transplantation of a C57BL/6 (B6) heart were assigned to four groups: no treatment, TJ-35–exposed, each component–exposed, or each component missing–exposed. The four groups above each received oral administration of TJ-35, each component, or TJ-35 with each component missing from the day of transplantation until 7 days, respectively. Untreated CBA recipients rejected B6 cardiac grafts acutely (median survival time [MST], 7 days). TJ-35–exposed CBA recipients had significantly prolonged B6 allograft survival (MST, 20.5 days). However, MSTs of CBA recipients that had been administered each component and TJ-35 with each component missing did not reach that of TJ-35–exposed recipients. Adoptive transfer of CD4⁺ splenocytes from TJ-35–exposed primary allograft recipients resulted in significant prolonged allograft survival in naïve secondary recipients (MST, 63 days). Flow cytometry studies showed that the percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cell population was increased in TJ-35–exposed CBA recipients. In conclusion, TJ-35–induced prolongation of fully allogeneic cardiac allografts and may generate regulatory CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells in our model. The effect seemed to require all components of TJ-35.