后Pilon骨折应用后外侧入路治疗体会

目的 :探讨后外侧入路切开复位内固定(ORIF)治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2010年2月至2013年4月,采用后外侧入路治疗17例后Pilon骨折患者,均涉及胫骨远端关节面超过20%,其中男11例,女6例;年龄29~59岁,平均43.4岁。致伤原因:11例坠落伤,4例车祸伤,2例运动损伤。根据俞光荣后方Pilon骨折的分型,Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型6例。观察骨折愈合时间、骨折复位情况及术后并发症情况,并采用AOFAS评分对其临床疗效进行评估。结果:17例患者均获得随访,时间13~24个月,平均20.5个月。后外侧切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有病例获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间12~21周,平均15.2周。术后未出现切口感染、神经血管损伤、骨不连及骨折畸形等并发症。根据AOFAS评分标准,总分92.0±10.1,优14例,良2例,一般1例。结论:后外侧入路能在直视下对后Pilon骨折块进行有效复位及可靠固定,操作安全、简单,是治疗后方Pilon骨折的有效方法,值得推广。     

非接触分离技术在原发性肝细胞癌手术治疗中的应用

目的:探讨原发性肝细胞癌应用非接触分离技术切除的临床效果效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月—2013年1月70例应用非接触分离技术行手术切除的原发性肝细胞癌患者(观察组),以及同期70例行传统手术方式切除的原发性肝细胞癌患者(对照组)临床资料,比较两组相关手术指标及术后发率、生存情况。结果:与对照组比较,观察组手术时间有所延长[(238.9±44.8)min vs.(132.8±25.4)min,P0.05]、术中出血量及输血率差异无统计学意义[(461.0±112.6)m L vs.(464.6+109.0)m L;31.4%vs.28.5%,均P0.05]、肝门阻断率降低(7.14%vs.32.9%,P0.05);两组的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(18.6%vs.22.9%,P0.05);观察组1年复发率明显低于对照组(24.3%vs.44.3%,P0.05),但1年生存率两组无统计学差异(88.6%vs.81.2%,P0.05)。结论:非接触分离技术用于原发性肝细胞癌手术治疗对于减少术后肿瘤复发有着积极的作用,较传统手术方式有一定优势。     

长期饮酒对男性高血压患者血压晨峰的影响及与左室肥厚的相关性

目的 探讨长期饮酒对男性高血压患者血压晨峰(MBPS)的影响及与左室肥厚(LVH)的相关性.方法 随机选择男性高血压患者199例,根据问卷调查结果将入选患者分为不饮酒组、戒酒组和轻度、中度、重度饮酒组.检测患者的空腹血糖(FPG)及血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL),测量心率(HR)、体质量指数(BMI),行24 h动态血压监测和超声心动图检查,并计算左室质量指数(LVMI).对不同组检测的参数进行统计学分析.结果 各组患者FPG、TC、TG、HDL、LDL HR、BMI等参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).不饮酒组、戒酒组、轻度饮酒组患者24 h平均收缩压(24h SBP)、白昼平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)较中、重度饮酒组低(P＜0.05),杓型收缩压百分率、杓型舒张压百分率较中、重度饮酒组高(P＜0.05),MBPS值和MBPS增高发生率较中、重度饮酒组低(P＜0.05),LVMI和LVH发生率较中、重度饮酒组低(P＜0.05).不饮酒组、戒酒组、轻度饮酒组各项参数比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).中、重度饮酒组患者平均每日酒精摄人量与MBPS值、LVMI呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 长期中、重度饮酒可以影响男性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律,加重MBPS现象与LVH;随着饮酒量的增加,MBPS现象与LVH的程度也会相应增加.     

The Survey ofCronobacterspp. (formerlyEnterbacter sakazakii) in Infant and Follow-up Powdered Formula in China in 2012

ObjectiveTo determineCronobacterspp.contamination in infant and follow-up powdered formula in China. MethodsAll of 2282 samples were collected from theretailmarkets in China from January 2012 to December 2012, and analyzed forCronobacter spp.by theChineseNationalFood Safety Standard. Characterization of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) withXbaI and SpeI restriction enzymes. ResultsCronobacterspp. strains were isolated from 25 samples, and the positive rates ininfant powdered formulas and follow-up powdered formulas were 0.90% (10/1011) and 1.18% (15/1271), respectively. Analysis of variable data regarding different purchasing store formats, seasonality, and production locations as well as comparison of infant versus follow-up formulas did not reveal statistically significant factors. During the sampling period, one of six surveillance zones did exhibit a statistically significant trend towards higher positive rate. PFGE characterization ofCronobacterspp.to elucidate genetic diversity revealed only three pairs ofCronobacterspp.out of 25 having the same PFGE patterns. ConclusionThe current investigation indicated a lower positive rate ofCronobacterspp.in the powdered formula in China.This evidence suggested contamination originating from multiple different sources during the manufacturing process.     

急性不完全颈脊髓损伤早期外科干预387例分析

目的 探讨早期手术干预对急性不完全颈脊髓损伤的疗效及手术方式的选择.方法 对2003年1月至2014年5月第二军医大学长征医院闸北分院收治的462例不完全颈脊髓损伤患者进行回顾性分析,其中手术组387例(颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术283例,前后路联合手术26例,单纯后路减压术78例),非手术组75例.颈脊髓损伤神经功能恢复按Frankel分级和美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)评分标准进行评估.结果 随访12～27个月,432例患者Frankel分级有不同程度改善,改善率为93.51％,手术组改善率(381例,98.45％)高于非手术组(51例,68.00％).各组治疗后ASIA评分均较治疗前提高(P＜0.05);对各组治疗前后ASIA评分的差值进行比较,手术组ASIA评分差值大于非手术组(P＜0.05),而且前路手术和前后路联合手术ASIA评分差值大于单纯后路手术(P＜0.05).结论 急性不完全颈脊髓损伤宜早期外科干预,以促进神经功能恢复.     

清金化痰汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期模型大鼠肺组织 Foxp3和 RORγt 表达的影响

目的探讨清金化痰汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)模型大鼠肺组织叉头翼状螺旋转录因子P3(Foxp3)、维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)表达的影响。方法 40只SPF Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、清金化痰汤组、克拉霉素组。除正常组外,其余组采取气道滴注脂多糖(LPS)联合烟熏的方法建立AECOPD气道黏液高分泌模型,并同时连续30 d分别给予生理盐水、清金化痰汤(8.4 g/kg)、克拉霉素(50 mg/kg)灌胃。实验第31天,提取大鼠肺组织,制作病理切片,并采用免疫组化法检测肺组织中黏蛋白5AC(Muc5AC)、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)的表达,观察Foxp3和RORγt的表达,免疫印迹法检测肺组织中Foxp3和RORγt的蛋白表达。结果与正常组比较,模型组Foxp3表达量无明显差异(P0.05),RORγt、Muc5AC、NE表达显著升高,Foxp3/RORγt显著下降(P0.01);清金化痰汤组与模型组比较,Foxp3表达量无明显差异(P0.05),RORγt、Muc5AC、NE表达显著降低,Foxp3/RORγt显著升高(P0.01或P0.05)。清金化痰汤组与克拉霉素组比较,Muc5AC显著降低(P0.05)。结论清金化痰汤可显著下调模型大鼠肺组织中RORγt蛋白表达,上调Foxp3/RORγt,这可能是清金化痰汤调节AECOPD黏液高分泌的机制之一。     

Bilateral analysis based false positive reduction for computer-aided mass detection

We have developed a false positive (FP) reduction method based on analysis of bilateral mammograms for computerized mass detection systems. The mass candidates on each view were first detected by our unilateral computer-aided detection (CAD) system. For each detected object, a regional registration technique was used to define a region of interest (ROI) that is "symmetrical" to the object location on the contralateral mammogram. Texture features derived from the spatial gray level dependence matrices and morphological features were extracted from the ROI containing the detected object on a mammogram and its corresponding ROI on the contralateral mammogram. Bilateral features were then generated from corresponding pairs of unilateral features for each object. Two linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifiers were trained from the unilateral and the bilateral feature spaces, respectively. Finally, the scores from the unilateral LDA classifier and the bilateral LDA asymmetry classifier were fused with a third LDA whose output score was used to distinguish true mass from FPs. A data set of 341 cases of bilateral two-view mammograms was used in this study, of which 276 cases with 552 bilateral pairs contained 110 malignant and 166 benign biopsy-proven masses and 65 cases with 130 bilateral pairs were normal. The mass data set was divided into two subsets for twofold cross-validation training and testing. The normal data set was used for estimation of FP rates. It was found that our bilateral CAD system achieved a case-based sensitivity of 70%, 80%, and 85% at average FP rates of 0.35, 0.75, and 0.95 FPs/image, respectively, on the test data sets with malignant masses. In comparison to the average FP rates for the unilateral CAD system of 0.58, 1.33, and 1.63, respectively, at the corresponding sensitivities, the FP rates were reduced by 40%, 44%, and 42% with the bilateral symmetry information. The improvement was statistically significance (p < 0.05) as estimated by JAFROC analysis.     

Computer-aided detection system for clustered microcalcifications: comparison of performance on full-field digital mammograms and digitized screen-film mammograms

We have developed a computer-aided detection (CAD) system to detect clustered microcalcifications automatically on full-field digital mammograms (FFDMs) and a CAD system for screen-film mammograms (SFMs). The two systems used the same computer vision algorithms but their false positive (FP) classifiers were trained separately with sample images of each modality. In this study, we compared the performance of the CAD systems for detection of clustered microcalcifications on pairs of FFDM and SFM obtained from the same patient. For case-based performance evaluation, the FFDM CAD system achieved detection sensitivities of 70%, 80% and 90% at an average FP cluster rate of 0.07, 0.16 and 0.63 per image, compared with an average FP cluster rate of 0.15, 0.38 and 2.02 per image for the SFM CAD system. The difference was statistically significant with the alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic (AFROC) analysis. When evaluated on data sets negative for microcalcification clusters, the average FP cluster rates of the FFDM CAD system were 0.04, 0.11 and 0.33 per image at detection sensitivity level of 70%, 80% and 90% compared with an average FP cluster rate of 0.08, 0.14 and 0.50 per image for the SFM CAD system. When evaluated for malignant cases only, the difference of the performance of the two CAD systems was not statistically significant with AFROC analysis.