Discrimination between glioblastoma multiforme and solitary metastasis using morphological features derived from the p:q tensor decomposition of diffusion tensor imaging

The management and treatment of high‐grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and solitary metastasis (MET) are very different and influence the prognosis and subsequent clinical outcomes. In the case of a solitary MET, diagnosis using conventional radiology can be equivocal. Currently, a definitive diagnosis is based on histopathological analysis on a biopsy sample. Here, we present a computerised decision support framework for discrimination between GBM and solitary MET using MRI, which includes: (i) a semi‐automatic segmentation method based on diffusion tensor imaging; (ii) two‐dimensional morphological feature extraction and selection; and (iii) a pattern recognition module for automated tumour classification. Ground truth was provided by histopathological analysis from pre‐treatment stereotactic biopsy or at surgical resection. Our two‐dimensional morphological analysis outperforms previous methods with high cross‐validation accuracy of 97.9% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.975 using a neural networks‐based classifier. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis with prominent adenomatoid features: a case report

Malignant mesotheliomas of the testis arise from the tunica vaginalis, formed from the evagination of the abdominal peritoneum into the scrotum. It is an extremely rare tumor representing 0.3% to 5% of all malignant mesotheliomas. We presented an interesting case of 68-year-old male with swelling and slightly painful in the right scrotum. Histologically, the lesion were composed of small tubular, microcystic, gland lined by flattened epithelioid cells and vague signet ring cells set in a myxofibrous stroma, which is resemblance to adenomatoid tumor. But the tumor cells showed significant atypical cytologic morphology and invaded into spermatic cord tissue, which indicated the diagnosis of malignant tumor. Immunohistochemistry study showed positive expression of CK, CK5/6, CK7, Calretinin, D2-40 and Vimentin which indicated the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. This case of mesothelioma should be classified as epithelial in type. To our knowledge, the mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis with adenomatoid tumor-like microscopic features is very rare.     

辣椒素受体介导氯喹引起的搔痒

目的研究辣椒素受体（VR1）在氯喹引起搔痒中的作用及机制。方法实验分4个部分,分别研究辣椒素受体拮抗剂辣椒平腹腔注射、局部应用辣椒素使VR1脱敏感、局部注射PKA抑制剂H89或PKC抑制剂bisindolylmaleimide Ⅰ、重复肥大细胞脱颗粒后颈背部注射氯喹200μg／100μl 30min内引起搔痒的次数,分为9小组,共使用6周龄C57BL／6J雄性小鼠63只。结果腹腔内注射辣椒平、局部应用辣椒素与重复肥大细胞脱颗粒均明显抑制氯喹引起的搔痒,而H89与BIM对氯喹引起的搔痒均无明显作用。结论氯喹通过肥大细胞脱颗粒引起搔痒,而辣椒素受体介导了氯喹引起的搔痒。     

人巨细胞病毒UL143基因在临床低传代分离株中的多态性研究

目的 探讨人巨细胞病毒(human eytomegalovirus,HCMV)UL143序列在临床患儿低传代分离株中的多态性及其与临床疾病的关系.方法 对19株HCMV临床低传代分离株进行HCMV-UL143 PCR扩增分析及伞序列测定分析.结果 19株HCMV感染患儿临床分离株均因碱基插入造成移码突变,开放阅读框架(ORF)比Toledo株短.根据序列变异情况可将19个序列分为2组,第1组16个序列新增一个MYRISTYL位点;缺失2个PKC磷酸化位点.未发现黄疸、小头畸形、先天性巨结肠等不同疾病类型的序列之间的差异.结论 HCMV-UL143较多存在于临床低传代分离株中,序列呈现一定多态性.     

Redox-responsive polyanhydride micelles for cancer therapy

Biodegradable polyanhydrides possess unique features like those that they can predominantly undergo surface erosion, and the payloads can be released by a steady speed. However, there is little work that has been published to describe the polyanhydride micelles with redox-responsiveness as a nanocarrier for drug delivery. In this study, we develop one type of new amphiphilic polyanhydride copolymer containing disulfide bonds between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. The copolymer can self-assemble into stable micelles with well-defined core–shell structure and a uniform size distribution with an average diameter of 69 nm. The disassembly behaviors of the micelles triggered by glutathione are evaluated from the changes of the micellar size, morphology and molecular weight. An approximate zero-order in vitro drug release mode with a fast speed can be achieved in a reducing and acid environment similar with that of tumor cells. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis demonstrate that the Cur-loaded micelles are of great efficiency in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells due to the rapidly intracellular delivery of therapeutic agent. Both the qualitative and quantitative results of the antitumor activity in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice reveal that the redox-responsive micelles have a more significant therapeutic effect to artificial solid tumor compared to the redox-insensitive micelles. This study provides a new insight into the biomedical application of polyanhydrides in drug delivery.     

克氏综合征基因表达谱分析

目的 对克氏综合征（Klinefelter syndrome）患者进行基因表达谱分析,探讨其基因差异表达与临床表型之间的关系.方法 采用第二代高通量测序方法对7例克氏综合征患者和7例对照男性外周血全基因组mRNA进行深度测序,运用定量RT-PCR方法对30例克氏综合征患者及30例对照男性进行验证.结果 测序结果根据FDR≤0.001和｜ log2 Ratio≥1 ｜的标准,两组比较存在差异表达基因216个,差异具有统计学意义.其中X染色体基因9个,占4％,与X染色体失活相关的XIST差异表达最明显;常染色体基因207个,占96％,其中NR4A3、ZKSCAN4、HBEGF、EREG、AREG、NR4A2、CCR5差异表达明显.NR4A3主要.与2型糖尿病有关,HBEGF主要参与促性腺激素分泌过程.Y染色体不存在显著差异表达基因.结论 克氏综合征患者不仅多余X染色体基因差异表达,还有大量常染色体基因差异表达,这可能是克氏综合征临床表型多样化的原因.     

电话随访健康指导对胃癌手术患者快速康复的研究

目的探讨应用电话随访进行健康指导对促进胃癌手术患者康复的效果。方法选择接受胃癌根治术的患者97例,随机分为干预组49例和对照组48例。在出院后3周内,干预组接受4次健康指导,对照组不接受健康指导。了解患者出院后的康复问题,比较两组的胃癌特异症状评分。结果干预后,干预组胃部不适、返流、饮食受限、焦虑等不适症状的严重程度低于对照组(P0.05)。结论电话随访进行出院后延伸的健康指导对减轻患者胃部不适有一定意义。     

根本原因分析法在护理不良事件中的应用

目的探讨根本原因分析法在护理不良事件中的应用及效果。方法对护理人员进行培训,成立根本原因分析小组;收集事件相关资料;找出近端原因;确认根本原因;制订和执行整改措施。结果护理不良事件上报率增加、发生率降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论根本原因分析法是提高护理安全管理的有效保证。     

线粒体tRNALeu基因突变导致糖尿病分子机制进展

尽管线粒体糖尿病被发现有多个致病点突变,但tRNALeu(UUR)3243A>G突变仍是目前国际上惟一公认的位点.胰岛β细胞过早的功能衰退和凋亡,胰岛素合成减少以及ATP/ADP介导的胰岛分泌功能障碍可能是该位点突变致糖尿病发生发展的主要原因.本文就该突变类型所致糖尿病的分子发病机制作一综述.