复方雪莲胶囊对Ⅱ型胶原诱导大鼠关节炎的治疗作用

目的: 考察复方雪莲胶囊对Ⅱ型胶原诱导的类风湿性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用,并探讨其作用机制。 方法: 采用大鼠足趾部皮内注射牛Ⅱ型胶原乳剂,建立胶原诱导的关节炎模型(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA),设正常对照组、模型组、风湿定胶囊组(0.1 g·kg^-1)、复方雪莲胶囊(0.05,0.1,0.2 g·kg^-1)3个剂量组,于造模第14天分组并开始灌胃给药,连续给药14 d。观察复方雪莲胶囊对CIA大鼠关节肿胀的治疗作用;取关节滑膜组织做病理学检查;并用酶联免疫(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)的水平。 结果: 造模14 d后,模型大鼠的足趾肿胀明显,与正常对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。复方雪莲胶囊组可明显减轻CIA大鼠的足肿胀度,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01);各给药组关节滑膜组织病变与模型组比较明显改善;与模型组大鼠血清中TNF-α(51.3±16.8)ng·L^-1及PGE₂(683.3±174.7) ng·L^-1的水平比较,复方雪莲胶囊(0.1,0.2 g·kg^-1)剂量组大鼠血清中TNF-α[(24.5±13.9),(23.1±7.0)ng·L^-1]及PGE₂[(452.9±102.2),(466.8±88.4) ng·L^-1]的水平明显降低(P<0.01)。 结论: 复方雪莲胶囊对大鼠胶原性关节炎有一定的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与抑制炎症介质TNF-α及PGE₂的表达有关。     

宠物医院X射线诊断放射防护研究进展

我国宠物医院快速发展, X射线诊断应用也随之增多, 其工作人员和同室协助人员的防护问题值得关注。本文从国际上宠物医院的X射线诊断放射防护相关管理和研究进展出发, 结合我国宠物医院X射线诊断的现状、存在的问题以及各部门的管理规定, 从中总结出我国宠物医院放射防护中政府部门、宠物医院、放射工作人员以及同室协助人员可能出现的典型问题, 并提出当前我国宠物医院放射防护工作的重点, 有助于为政府决策提供科学建议, 规范完善宠物医院的各项放射防护工作。     

基于实时超声图像引导技术和线性判别模型分析前列腺癌放疗分次内运动模式

目的 基于经会阴超声(TPUS)实时扫描技术和线性判别分析(LDA)法,定性分析并自动判别前列腺癌放疗分次内运动模式,为个体化精确放疗奠定基础。方法 应用TPUS技术记录了61例前列腺癌患者共1265个分次近百万个实时监测数据,划分为稳定型、波浪型、小偏执型、银叉型、回归型、大偏执型和稽留型运动模式。对运动轨迹量化并提取特征参数,通过LDA法建立判别方程式,评估训练集和测试集的判别效果。结果 平均每位患者存在4种不同的运动模式,不稳定型占(35.00±21.49)%。随着治疗次数的增加,运动轨迹并未表现出越来越稳定的趋势,不同模式的出现极不规则。构建的线性判别模型对训练集和测试集的判别准确率分别为90.4%和89.5%,敏感性和特异性分别为84.9%和91.1%。结论 前列腺癌患者分次内运动模式多样且随机,具有不可预测的特点。LDA法可以有效地对分次内运动模式进行判别,同时在治疗过程中利用判别方程和中心坐标实现对未知样本的自动鉴别。     

miR-221和miR-222在肿瘤中的研究进展

 由于微小RNA(miRNA)在肿瘤中发挥重要调控作用及其自身特点,使其可能成为基因靶向治疗的有效工具。因此,人们致力于寻找调节关键癌基因或抑癌基因的miRNA。研究发现miR-221及miR-222在多种人类肿瘤中不仅表达异常,而且在不同类型的肿瘤中也发挥着不同的癌基因或抑癌基因样作用,通过调控miR-221和miR-222的表达可能成为肿瘤治疗的有效方法。     

RP-HPLC法测定满山红叶及其制剂中杜鹃素含量

目的：建立RP－HPLC测定满山红叶及其制剂芩暴红胶囊中杜鹃素含量的方法。方法：固定相为Shim-Pack VP-ODS反相柱；流动相为甲醇－水（65．5：34．5）；检测波长296nm。结果：该方法的线性范围为0．1－2．0μg,γ＝0．9991；平均回收纺为96．60％，RSD＝1．07％（n=5)。结论：本法简便，准确，灵敏度高，重现性好，可用于该药材及其制剂中该成分的含量测定。     

肺软骨瘤1例

患者女，60岁。刺激性干咳1个月，发现左下肺占位1周入院。CT：左肺下叶外基底段近胸膜处见直径约5．5mm小结节灶，CT值约48Hu，边界清晰，其内可见斑点状钙化，局部可见胸膜凹陷征，周围未见卫星病灶及浸润影（图1）。CT诊断：左肺下叶良性结节，性质待定。病理诊断：左肺下叶软骨性肿瘤，分化好。     

Hypothalamus-brain stem circuitry responsible for vagal efferent signaling to the pancreas evoked by hypoglycemia in rat

Circulating glucose levels significantly affect vagal neural activity, which is important in the regulation of pancreatic functions. Little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study investigates the neural pathways responsible for hypoglycemia-induced vagal efferent signaling to the pancreas and identifies the neurotransmitters involved. Vagal pancreatic efferent nerve activities were recorded in anesthetized rats. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia, a decrease of blood glucose levels from 114 +/- 5 to 74 +/- 6 mg dl(-1), stimulated an increase in pancreatic efferent nerve firing from a basal rate of 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 19 +/- 3 impulses 30 s(-1). In contrast, vagal primary afferent neuronal discharges recorded in the nodose ganglia were unaltered by systemic hypoglycemia. Vagal afferent rootlet section plus splanchnicotomy had no effect on hypoglycemia-induced vagal efferent firing, suggesting a central site of action. Decerebration reduced the increase in nerve firing stimulated by hypoglycemia from 21 +/- 4 to 9.6 +/- 2 impulses 30 s(-1). Chemical ablation of the lateral hypothalamic area, but not the arcuate nucleus, inhibited pancreatic nerve firing evoked by hypoglycemia. Microinjection of the orexin-A receptor antagonist SB-334867 into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) inhibited pancreatic nerve firing evoked by insulin-induced hypoglycemia by 56%. In contrast, injection of orexin-A (20 pmol) into the DMV elicited a 30-fold increase in pancreatic nerve firing. We concluded that systemic hypoglycemia stimulates pancreatic efferent nerve firing through a central mechanism. Full expression of pancreatic nerve activities during hypoglycemia requires both the forebrain and the brain stem. In addition to activating neurons in the brain stem, central neuroglucopenia activates subpopulations of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area that contain orexin. The released orexin acts on DMV neurons to stimulate pancreatic efferent nerve activities and thus regulate pancreatic functions.     

中药专利申请中毒性药材的安全性问题

专利信息往往受到公众所关注,当中药发明专利申请中含有毒性药物时,其应用可能危害公众健康。梳理了中药毒性药物的主要品种,结合具体的复审案例分析了毒性药物的审查思路,从专利这个层面为食品、药品的安全把关,将所授权的专利可能引起的风险控制到最小的程度,使中药专利信息能够更好地服务于人民群众的身体健康。     

Syphilitic uveitis in HIV-positive patients: report of a case series, treatment outcomes, and comprehensive review of the literature

AIM: To report the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of active syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients and compare them with the previously published data. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the case series from an infectious disease center in southern China was conducted. Comprehensive review of previously published cases of HIV positive syphilitic uveitis was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases and the references listed in the identified articles. RESULTS: Twelve HIV positive patients with active syphilitic uveitis were collected. All were male, with age of 36.3y (range 27 to 53y). Five (41.7%) had a history of syphilis, and three of them had received anti-syphilis treatment. Ocular manifestations included corneal epithelial defect (13%), complicated cataract (17.4%), vitreous opacity (82.6%), optic disc edema (26.1%), macular edema (30.4%), neuro-retinitis (43.5%), and retinal hemorrhage (26.1%). After standardized syphilitic treatment, intraocular inflammation was reduced and vision improved in all cases. The literature review summarizes 105 previously reported cases of HIV positive syphilitic uveitis. High serum rapid plasma regain (RPR) titers may be associated with severe uveitis and poor vision. Treatment with penicillin, ceftriaxone sodium, or penicillin plus benzylpenicillin instead of using benzylpenicillin alone can significantly improve best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in HIV positive ocular syphilis patients. CONCLUSION: For HIV positive syphilitic uveitis patients, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment and follow-up are paramount. In our series, the clinical manifestations are diverse. Syphilis patients treated by penicillin G or long-acting penicillin before may still develop syphilitic uveitis. Patients who relapse after long-term penicillin treatment can still benefit from penicillin G.     

BCL-2抑制剂联合低剂量阿糖胞苷治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后复发老年急性髓系白血病一例报告并文献复习

老年急性髓系白血病(AML)患者治疗困难,长期生存率低,预后差。文献报道,老年AML患者积极进行异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)有助于改善远期生存[1]。但是,移植后复发患者通常难以耐受强化疗,很难再次获得完全缓解(CR)。近期我们采用BCL-2抑制剂联合小剂量阿糖胞苷成功治疗1例allo-HSCT后复发的老年AML患者。