Effect of sex hormones on lipid peroxidation in rat liver

The role of sex hormones in hepatic lipid peroxidation, and in hepatic aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase activities were investigated using rat liver homogenates. It was observed that male rat had a significantly greater content of malondialdehyde in liver than female. Among the sex hormones tested, estradiol, one of female hormones, markedly inhibited the formation of lipid peroxides in liver tissues in vitro. Especially, the inhibitory effect of estradiol appeared more remarkably in Fe+2-induced lipid peroxidation. The hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was decreased about 15% by 10(-6) M estradiol, whereas, the aldehyde oxidase activity was almost completely disappeared at the same concentration of estradiol. It implies that sex differences in lipid peroxidation is attributed to the suppression of free radical generating system by estradiol.     

1-取代吡唑烷酮类抗惊构效关系的研究

1-正癸基吡唑烷-3-酮(Ⅱ结构式见表1)是欧洲专利报道的一种新型减肥剂。White等报道该化合物可通过血脑屏障,并对γ-氨基丁酸氨基转移酶(GABA-T)有强烈的抑制活性,但对谷氨酸脱羧酶的抑制作用较弱,因此可引起脑内γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)水平的升高,故我们相信应有抗惊活性。经我们合成后,发现Ⅱ确有良好的抗癲痫活性,抗小鼠最大电     

Hepatoprotective effect of lactic acid bacteria, inhibitors of β-glucuronidase production against intestinal microflora

The hepatoprotective activity of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis HY7401, Lactobacillus acidophilus CSG and Bifidobacterium longum HY8001), which inhibited beta-glucuronidase productivity of intestinal microflora, on t-BHP- or CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity of mice were evaluated. These oral administration of lactic acid bacteria lowered beta-glucuronidase production of intestinal microflora as well as Escherichia coli HGU-3. When lactic acid bacteria at a dose of 0.5 or 2 g (wet weight)/kg was orally administered on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, these bacteria significantly inhibited the increase of plasma alanine transferase and aspartate transferase activities by 17-57% and 57-66% of the CCl4 control group, respectively. These lactic acid bacteria also showed the potent hepatoprotective effect against t-BHP-induced liver injury in mice. The inhibitory effects of these lactic acid bacteria were more potent than that of dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB), which have been used as a commercial hepatoprotective agent. Among these lactic acid bacteria, L. acidophilus CSG exhibited the most potent hepatoprotective effect. Based on these findings, we insist that an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase production in intestine, such as lactic acid bacteria, may be hepatoprotective.     

Ureteral injuries during classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy: an 11-year experience in 1163 patients

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of ureteral injuries during classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy for benign gynecologic diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: Department of obstetrics and gynecology, university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 1163 women with benign gynecologic diseases. INTERVENTIONS: Classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the rate of ureteral injury. Four cases of ureteral injuries occurred among the 1163 classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy procedures (0.34%). Ureteral injury occurred during peritoneal dissection in 1 case, which was treated immediately with laparoscopy. In 2 cases, ureteral injuries were recognized by watery vaginal discharge several days after the operation and were treated with laparotomy procedures. Ureteral injury was not detected postoperatively in another case, resulting in a laparoscopic nephrectomy caused by a nonfunctioning kidney 3 years after the initial operation. The predisposing factors for ureteral injury were adhesion as a result of endometriosis, and earlier surgery in which the normal pelvic anatomy was distorted. CONCLUSION: The incidence of ureteral injury during classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy as noted in this study is 0.34%. Postoperative cases were associated with high morbidity. Early detection of ureteral injury is crucial for appropriate management as intraoperative diagnosis and repair of the injury then has fewer consequences and less serious complications than postoperative cases.     

Response and outcomes in elderly patients with stages IIIC-IV ovarian cancer receiving platinum-taxane chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE: Recent reports have suggested that only half of women age > or =65 with advanced ovarian cancer are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to compare the response to platinum-taxane chemotherapy and subsequent outcomes between patients older and younger than 65 years of age with stages IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort study was performed of all patients with stages IIIC-IV EOC who had their primary surgery at our institution from 1998 to 2004 and subsequently began platinum-taxane chemotherapy. Main outcomes were response to primary chemotherapy, platinum resistance and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 292 patients began primary platinum-taxane therapy after surgery and comprised our study group. Of these, 108 (37%) were > or =65 years old and 184 (63%) were <65. Stage of disease, optimal cytoreduction rate, number of chemotherapy cycles and chemotherapy regimen alterations were similar between groups. Patients > or =65 achieved a clinical complete response with a similar frequency to those <65 (70% vs. 79%) and had similar rates of platinum sensitivity at 6 months (61% vs. 65%). Patients > or =65 had equivalent PFS (P=0.99) and OS (P=0.36) to those <65. Age > or =65 years was not independently associated with impaired survival. CONCLUSIONS: Patients > or =65 years of age demonstrated similar rates of initial response, platinum resistance, PFS and OS to younger patients. Elderly women who can tolerate primary cytoreductive surgery should receive combination platinum-taxane chemotherapy.     

A phase II trial of weekly topotecan for patients with secondary platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma following the failure of second-line therapy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the response rate, progression-free survival and toxicity associated with weekly topotecan administered to patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian (EOC) in the third-line setting. METHODS: Patients with measurable platinum-sensitive EOC following failure of second-line chemotherapy were eligible for this phase II study. All patients were initially treated with cytoreductive surgery and platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Continuous, weekly topotecan was administered at a starting dose of 4 mg/m(2). Toxicity and efficacy were assessed at various time points after initiation of therapy. RESULTS: Twenty nine patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Toxicity was acceptable with grade 1/2 nausea being the most commonly experienced side effect (52%). Nine patients (31%) had grade 3/4 leukopenia; however, only 3 patients had febrile neutropenia. Thirteen patients had a treatment delay and six required dose reductions. Twenty two patients were evaluable for efficacy. The overall response rate for weekly topotecan was 13.6% [95% CI; -0.7-27.9%] with 1 complete response, and 2 partial responses. Twelve patients (54.5%), including 2 with minor responses, had stable disease for a median duration of 18 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly topotecan at the current schedule in the third-line setting in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC has modest clinical activity. Toxicity associated with this regimen is acceptable but growth factor support, dose reductions, or schedule alterations may need to be considered in many of these patients.