工频电磁场对人体免疫功能的作用

目的　探讨工频电磁场对人体免疫功能的影响。方法　检测２５ 例长期工作在３ ×１０５ Ｖ超高压环境中的工作人员与５ 例正常对照者的外周血Ｔ 淋巴细胞分泌白细胞介素２（ＩＬ２） 活性,白细胞介素２ 受体（ＩＬ２Ｒ） 表达;单核／ 巨噬细胞抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒（ＡＤＣＣ） 效应,白细胞介素１５（ＩＬ１５） 活性;血清中ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ 的水平。结果　（１） 观察组ＩＬ２ 活性为（３６２ ±７８） Ｕ／ｍｌ,明显高于对照组［（２５４ ±６７）Ｕ／ｍｌ］ ,差异有显著性（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） 。（２） 观察组ＩＬ２Ｒ 表达比率为２８ ．４ ％ ±３ ．２ ％ ,对照组为２２ ．８ ％ ±１０ ．７ ％ ,差异无显著性（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） 。（３） 观察组单核／ 巨噬细胞ＡＤＣＣ 效应及ＩＬ１５ 分泌水平均有增强或增高的趋势,但差异无显著性（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） 。（４） 观察组血清中ＩｇＧ 水平为（１０ ．３７ ±１ ．２８）ｇ／Ｌ,明显高于对照组［（８ ．８９ ±１ ．８８）ｇ／Ｌ］ ,差异有显著性（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） ,而血清中ＩｇＡ、Ｉｇ Ｍ 水平与对照组比较,差异无显著性（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） 。结论　长期工作在工频电磁场环境中人员的Ｔ     

深圳市一孩先天性残疾家庭的二孩同类病研究

本文对深圳市1990～1997年因独生子女先天残疾通过病残儿鉴定再生育二孩的家庭进行调查,并以同期通过鉴定的后天性残疾家庭为内对照,以农村地区一孩先天残疾未经病残儿鉴定生育二孩的家庭为外对照,了解其二孩先天残疾再发情况,尤其是同类病的再发情况,拟对独生子女病残儿医学鉴定和二胎生育指标的审批工作效果进行评价,为优生工作提供依据。研究结果表明,鉴定组一孩先天残疾家庭二孩先天残疾的患病率为5.81％,与广州市1986～1991年情况类似(5.9％),高于外省(辽宁1990～1992年为1.35％)。鉴定组二胎同类病发生率为2.8％,非鉴定组为4.55％,两组比较虽无统计学差异,但病种上却有不同,鉴定组为再发风险低的血友病、先天性共转性内斜视、脑萎缩,而非鉴定组为再发风险高的先天聋哑、进行性肌萎缩。提示病残儿鉴定工作颇有成效,避免了相当一部分遗传病家庭再次生育残疾儿,但某些环节有待进一步完善;对农村一胎先天残疾家庭生育二胎也必须纳入管理范围。     

21世纪卫生系统改革对卫生经济学发展的影响

该文介绍了发达国家和发展中国家在卫生改革中遇到的问题。前者有：组建医院间“战略联盟”,管理保健市场发展,卫生服务效率、公平性和可及性等。后者有：减少政府的作用,改变公共部门的组织及管理,增加卫生资金的来源及数量。这些问题引起卫生经济学界关注。第二次国际卫生经济学会会议将讨论以下专题：信息不对称及卫生保健组织间关系、卫生保健的选择,卫生及卫生服务的需求,健康及卫生服务的分布,卫生保健的经济学评价,卫生保健市场分析,健康保险,管理保健,卫生服务的产出等18个主题。     

徐州市0～9岁儿童伤害死亡的潜在寿命损失年分析

非故意伤害(unintentional injury)可导致受伤害者暂时或永久性残疾甚至死亡.现将除州市区1989～1998年10岁以下儿童非故意死亡对寿命损失年的影响研究结果报告如下.     

胺碘酮抑制缺血浦肯野纤维起搏离子流

目的观察正常及模拟“缺血”时胺碘酮对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流（Ｉｆ）的影响。方法双微电极电压钳制术,使膜电位过度极化以激活Ｉｆ。结果胺碘酮１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ在正常台氏液中显著降低浦肯野纤维Ｉｆ幅值;模拟“缺血”也使Ｉｆ幅值降低,在此基础上,胺碘酮使Ｉｆ幅值进一步减小,加剧了“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。结论提示胺碘酮能抑制心肌缺血时心室正常自律性活动。     

Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies in laboratory animals and humans suggest that alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) may reduce the risk of arrhythmia. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the association between dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease (IHD). DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. The intake of alpha-linolenic acid was derived from a 116-item food-frequency questionnaire completed in 1984 by 76283 women without previously diagnosed cancer or cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: During 10 y of follow-up, we documented 232 cases of fatal IHD and 597 cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction. After adjustment for age, standard coronary risk factors, and dietary intake of linoleic acid and other nutrients, a higher intake of alpha-linolenic acid was associated with a lower relative risk (RR) of fatal IHD; the RRs from the lowest to highest quintiles were 1.0, 0.99, 0.90, 0.67, and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.94; P for trend = 0.01). For nonfatal myocardial infarction there was only a modest, nonsignificant trend toward a reduced risk when extreme quintiles were compared (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.19; P for trend = 0.50). A higher intake of oil and vinegar salad dressing, an important source of alpha-linolenic acid, was associated with reduced risk of fatal IHD when women who consumed this food > or =5-6 times/wk were compared with those who rarely consumed this food (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.76; P for trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that a higher intake of alpha-linolenic acid is protective against fatal IHD. Higher consumption of foods such as oil-based salad dressing that provide polyunsaturated fats, including alpha-linolenic acid, may reduce the risk of fatal IHD.     

Mutational analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

AIM: To investigate whether PTEN/MMAC1 mutations play a role in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A panel of 33 primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumour samples and 20 corresponding morphologically normal tissues was examined for mutations in all nine exons of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene by means of polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) and direct DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS: Only one of 33 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas showed an aberrant SSCP band. Further sequencing analysis of this sample revealed an 802 -29 T-->C substitution in intron 7. PTEN/MMAC1 mutations were not found in the mutational "hot spot" in exon 5, even after direct sequencing of six oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples and three normal tissues. However, a deletion of one nucleotide T at position 492 +8 in intron 5 was seen in all samples. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PTEN/MMAC1 mutations do not play a major role in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.     

Development of inflammation after application of mustard oil or glutamate to the rat temporomandibular joint

Application of the small-fibre excitant and inflammatory irritant mustard oil or the excitatory amino-acid receptor agonist glutamate to the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region evokes similar changes in jaw-muscle activity, suggesting that peripheral application of glutamate may be nociceptive. Application of mustard oil to the TMJ region is also inflammatory, but, it is not clear if application of glutamate is equally inflammatory. In this study the extent of plasma-protein extravasation and oedema induced by mustard oil application to the TMJ region was compared with that induced by glutamate. Application of mustard oil resulted in plasma-protein extravasation into the TMJ tissues and oedema of the TMJ region. In contrast, glutamate did not cause plasma-protein extravasation or oedema.     

微量元素在化妆品中的应用

本文对七种常应用于化妆品中的微量元素的功能、作用机理、研究现状作了较为详细的讨论。     

射频消融治疗具有递减传导特性的慢旁路

方法和目的：探讨采用电生理检查和射频消融术治疗具有递减传导特性的慢旁路效果。　结果：心动过速时体表心电图呈窄ＱＲＳ波,逆行Ｐ波及Ｒ－Ｐ≥Ｐ－Ｒ,且ＰⅡ、Ⅲ、ａｖＦ倒置,ＰａｖＲ直立,心动过速与右室起搏均呈同样的偏心性心房激动顺序,室房呈递减性传导及长Ｖ－Ａ间期。　结论：成功射频消融慢旁路需在心动过速或心室起搏时仔细标测,寻找最早的心房激动点而非ＶＡ 融合。