止血带致皮下出血并休克的不良反应1例报告

患者,男,64岁,以“左手掌皮下条索状硬结10年,加重伴小指屈曲畸形1年”于2005年12月6日入院。查:左手掌第五掌指关节处皮肤皱褶,皮下一纵行挛缩带如弓弦样感,使第五掌指关节呈屈曲90°位畸形,严重影响功能和外观。诊断为左手掌腱膜挛缩症。无高血压、冠心病及糖尿病史,心电图正常,肝肾功能、血常规和血凝化验均在正常范围,于12月8日在臂丛麻醉下行掌腱膜松解切除植皮手术。常规应用电子气囊止血带,压力40kPa,定时60min,手术切开皮肤后即发现止血带失用,出血明显,约在止血带使用6min时,患者述疲乏不适,继而突然出现心率减慢(48次/min),血压下降(60/48mmHg)。麻醉师考虑与使用     

经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗继发性三叉神经痛37例

目的探讨经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗桥小脑角占位性病变引起的继发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2000年10月～2006年7月37例继发性三叉神经痛的临床资料，其中胆脂瘤18例，脑膜瘤8例，听神经瘤6例，三叉神经鞘瘤5例，均经乙状窦后入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切23例，次全切除10例，部分切除4例。35例疼痛症状消失（32例立即消失，3例术后2个月消失），随访3个月～5年无复发；2例无效。发生暂时性面瘫6例，面部麻木6例，无颅内感染及脑脊液漏。结论经乙状窦后入路显微手术是治疗继发性三叉神经痛安全有效的方法。     

Differential retention of alpha-vitamin E is correlated with its transporter gene expression and growth inhibition efficacy in prostate cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies showed Vit E has protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa). Interestingly, different prostate cancer cells have different sensitivity to alpha-Vit E or VES treatment. The goal of this study is to determine whether cellular Vit E bioavailability and its transport proteins are important contributing factors. METHODS: alpha-Vit E and its ester form, VES, were used to treat prostate cancer LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 cells, and their growth rates were determined by MTT assay. Cellular levels of Vit E were quantified using HPLC as the index of bioavailability. The expression levels of Vit E transport proteins were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Among these PCa cells, only LNCaP cells were sensitive to 20 microM alpha-Vit E treatment, while both LNCaP and PC3 cells were sensitive to 20 microM VES treatment. Coordinately, cellular levels of alpha-Vit E and VES positively correlated to their inhibitory effects. Further study found expression levels of Vit E transport proteins, including tocopherol associated protein (TAP), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP), and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), were different in various PCa cells, which may contribute to cellular Vit E bioavailability. This notion is further supported by the findings that overexpression or knockdown of TTP could coordinately alter cellular alpha-Vit E levels in PCa cells. CONCLUSION: Antiproliferative efficacy of alpha-Vit E is correlated with its cellular bioavailability in PCa cells. Modulating the expression of the efflux or influx transporters could sensitize the growth inhibition efficacy of Vit E in prostate cancer cells.     

肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成相关因素的Meta分析

目的 评价肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的相关因素,为脾切除术后血栓的预防提供参考.方法 计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、EMBASE、Science Direct、CNKI、VIP、CSCD、万方等数据库,检索时间截止2014年4月.并辅以手工检索、文献追溯等方法.纳入有关肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成相关因素的病例对照研究,并进行文献质量评价.由两位研究者独立提取数据并采用Stata 12软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入24项符合标准的病例对照研究,病例数为4 335例.其中脾切除术后发生血栓的患者1 028例,血栓发生率为25.0％.Meta分析结果显示,肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓的形成与脾脏体积(WMD=13.75,95％ CI:6.47 ～ 21.00)、脾静脉直径(WMD=1.34,95％ CI:0.39～2.30)、手术前后门静脉直径(术前WMD＝ 1.54,95％ CI:0.56～2.52;术后WMD=2.09,95％CI:0.55 ～ 3.64)、手术前后门静脉血流速度(术前WMD=-5.78,95％ CI:-10.46～-1.10;术后WMD=-5.57,95％ CI:-5.92～-5.22)、手术前后门静脉压力差(WMD=1.90,95％CI:1.29～2.50)、腹水(OR=1.83,95％ CI:1.19～2.82)以及术后抗凝干预(OR=0.63,95％CI:0.50 ～0.79)等有关;而与患者的性别、年龄、肝功、血小板计数、术前总胆红素、手术前后门静脉压力、手术前后凝血酶原时间及D-二聚体、手术时间以及糖尿病无关.结论 肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的主要危险因素为脾脏体积、脾静脉直径、门静脉直径、门静脉血流速度、腹水等,与患者基本情况、凝血相关指标、手术时间等无直接相关性.     

Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosage on Survival of Kidney Grafts Based on Biopsy Results

IntroductionPlasma concentration monitoring is commonly used to adjust immunosuppressant dosage in transplant recipients, but adjustment is often based on clinical experience rather than rigorous quantitative indicators.MethodsWe examined the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosage on graft survival by pathologic and immunologic analysis of 88 kidney recipients who were given a postoperative immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus (FK506), MMF, and corticosteroids. Patients were given a conventional dosage (≥1.5 g/d; n = 40) or a reduced dosage (n = 48) of MMF owing to postoperative adverse side effects.ResultsThe reduced-dose group included patients given low doses (≤1.0 g/d; n = 27), ultra-low doses (≤0.5 g/d; n = 15), and those who discontinued MMF (n = 6). The dose reduction group had increased acute rejection, chronic rejection, and graft dysfunction, poorer pathologic scores, and increased cell infiltration of graft tissue (CD4, CD8, CD68, and CD138 positivity) and expression of interleukin-2R and HLA-DR. Finally, hazard analysis indicated that patients given low doses and ultra-low doses of MMF had poorer long-term kidney grafts survival (hazard ratios of 1.52 and 1.78, respectively).ConclusionsThese results indicate the importance of using an appropriate dosage of MMF in kidney transplant recipients.     

内侧半月板退变性损伤的关节镜下分型

 目的 探讨内侧半月板退变性损伤的关节镜下分型及其临床意义。方法 2012年1至12月因内侧半月板退变性损伤接受关节镜手术者122例,不包括因重度滑膜炎需做滑膜切除者。男27例,女95例;年龄37~80岁,平均（61.8±8.9）岁。左膝63例,右膝59例。BMI平均（26.5±3.4） kg/m2,术前Lysholm评分（47.2±15.0）分。关节镜术中依据Outerbridge软骨损伤分级对软骨损伤进行评估,比较不同分型者（后角水平撕裂、后角根部损伤和复杂严重损伤）Ⅳ度软骨退变性损伤所累及的关节面数量及术前Lysholm评分。结果 后角水平撕裂33例,Ⅳ度软骨退变性损伤累及的关节面（1.24±1.48）个,术前Lysholm评分（52.5±14.4）分,其中疼痛评分（7.7±6.5）分;后角根部损伤16例,Ⅳ度软骨退变性损伤累及的关节面（1.13±1.26）个,术前Lysholm评分（37.5±8.4）分,其中疼痛评分（3.1±4.0）分;复杂严重损伤73例,Ⅳ度软骨退变性损伤累及的关节面平均（2.26±1.61）个,术前Lysholm评分平均（46.9±15.3）分,其中疼痛评分（6.8±5.4）分。后角根部损伤者术前Lysholm评分低于后角水平撕裂和复杂严重损伤者,差异有统计学意义;其中疼痛评分的差异也有统计学意义。后角根部损伤者Ⅳ度软骨退变性损伤累及的关节面数量与后角水平撕裂者的差异无统计学意义;均小于复杂严重损伤者,差异有统计学意义。结论 关节镜下内侧半月板退变性损伤可分为三种类型。后角根部损伤和后角水平撕裂的软骨退变性损伤相对较轻,是较早期的关节退变;其中后角根部损伤的临床症状和功能减退较为明显。复杂严重损伤的软骨退变性损伤相对较重,是较晚期的关节退变,但临床症状和功能减退却相对较轻。     

肝癌微环境中影响转移相关通路的基因富集分析

目的 探讨肝癌微环境对肝癌发生门静脉转移起重要作用的基因簇或通路,为肝癌的治疗和研究提供理论依据.方法 利用基因组富集（GSEA）的方法,对美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）的综合性的基因表达与杂交排序数据库（GEO数据库）中的11例肝癌无门静脉癌栓（PVTT）和9例肝癌合并PVTT的癌旁相对正常组织基因表达谱芯片进行分析,分析其在肿瘤相关通路中的富集特征与核心富集基因.结果 找到15条相关的信号通路,这些通路与癌旁微环境中的免疫功能状态有关,对于肝癌发生PVTT转移可能起重要作用.结论 肝癌发生门静脉转移除了与肿瘤细胞本身的恶性增殖和侵袭有关以外,还与周围微环境中的免疫状态和炎症反应有重要联系.     

预前护理计划之“让我说说”对养老院老人死亡及维持治疗态度的影响

目的探究预前护理计划之＂让我说说＂对养老院老人死亡及维持治疗态度的干预效果。方法便利抽取武汉市16所养老院259名老人,根据楼层将其分成干预组和对照组。干预组实施预前护理计划之＂让我说说＂,对照组不实施干预,比较干预后两组老人对待死亡及生命维持治疗态度的差异。结果干预前,两组老人对待死亡及维持生命治疗态度差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。干预后,在对待死亡问题上,干预组（34.0%）比对照组（8.6%）更多地表现出恐惧,同时干预组（18.0%）比对照组（24.1%）较少表现出求死心态（P〈0.05）。在对待维持生命治疗上,干预组（49.0%）比对照组（29.3%）更愿意接受维持生命治疗（P〈0.05）。结论预前护理计划之＂让我说说＂可以给老人提供情感和行为支持,促使老人表达内心对死亡的真实想法,接受维持生命治疗。     

社区护理人员灾害准备的研究进展

对国内外社区护理人员灾害准备模式、存在的问题、影响因素、培训现状及测量工具进行综述。提出应建立完善的社区护理人员灾害准备培训体系,建立适合我国国情的社区护理人员灾害应对准备模式并建立社区护理人员灾害准备测量工具的区域性常模,旨在为今后提高社区护理人员的灾害准备度提供参考依据。     

Comparison of clinical effects of bare stent and covered metal stent graft in the treatment of complete occlusion of central venography in hemodialysis patients

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bare mental stent (BMS) and covered stent (CS) in the treatment of complete central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 66 cases of CVOD who have been treated by endovascular methods successfully in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan 2015 to Jan 2017 were enrolled in this study. According to the type of stent，the patients were divided into two groups, BMS group (n=46) and CS group (n=20). The demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, and pre-procedure and post-procedure imaging data were followed up and recorded. The primary patency rates were calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results The related symptoms were improved within 2 day post-procedure. The primary patency rates of BMS group in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 97.83%, 95.65%, 69.56%, 41.3%, and 34.78% respectively. The rates of CS group were 100%, 100%, 95%, 65%, and 60% respectively. They did not reached statistical significance for primary patency rates between two groups in 1, 3, and 6 months (P＞0.05 respectively). However, from 9 months after procedure, it began to show the significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05). The median patency time of the CS group was (10.30±5.32) months, while BMS group was (8.52±0.49) months. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.046). Conclusions Stent implantation for complete occlusion of central venous in hemodialysis patients can get credible effect. The use of CS for CVOD provides superior patency as well as patency time in long period after procedure as compared with BMS.