CT evaluation of upper thoracic spine for surgical application of transarticular screw placement

Introduction

Although pedicle screw fixation has been increasingly used in the upper thoracic spine in recent years, controversies exist about the safety and complications such as nerve or vascular intrusion associated with the technique. In this study, an alternative method of transarticular screw fixation was validated.

Materials and methods

Morphometric analysis was performed on computed tomography (CT) scans of the upper thoracic zygapophysial joints of C7, T1, T2 and T3 in 20 male and 20 female patients in the axial and sagittal planes. The degree of screw angulation was recorded in the sagittal and axial planes and the screw length was measured at the spinal level from C7 to T3.

Results

The smallest medial–lateral diameter and anterior–posterior diameter of IAP was found at T3 in the female patients and C7 in the male patients. The screw trajectory length ranged from 14.9 to 20.5 mm in all patients. All the above measurements were significantly different between male and female patients at all levels (P < 0.05). The mean value of screw trajectory angle was 19.3°–20.1° in the axial plane and 44.3°–45.7° in the sagittal plane. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between male and female patients in the axial and sagittal angles.

Conclusion

The morphometric data of C7–T3 zygapophysial joints indicate the suitable screw diameter and screw length for this technique. Transarticular screw fixation proved to be a potentially safe alternative to pedicle screw fixation in this region.     

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation enhances gut glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and improves glucose homeostasis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly prevailing as a serious global health problem. Current treatments for T2DM may cause side effects, thus highlighting the need for newer and safer therapies. We tested the hypothesis that dietary capsaicin regulates glucose homeostasis through the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the intestinal cells and tissues. Wild-type (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1(-/-)) mice were fed dietary capsaicin for 24 weeks. TRPV1 was localized in secretin tumor cell-1 (STC-1) cells and ileum. Capsaicin stimulated GLP-1 secretion from STC-1 cells in a calcium-dependent manner through TRPV1 activation. Acute capsaicin administration by gastric gavage increased GLP-1 and insulin secretion in vivo in WT but not in TRPV1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, chronic dietary capsaicin not only improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin levels but also lowered daily blood glucose profiles and increased plasma GLP-1 levels in WT mice. However, this effect was absent in TRPV1(-/-) mice. In db/db mice, TRPV1 activation by dietary capsaicin ameliorated abnormal glucose homeostasis and increased GLP-1 levels in the plasma and ileum. The present findings suggest that TRPV1 activation-stimulated GLP-1 secretion could be a promising approach for the intervention of diabetes.     

情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养培训中的应用

目的 探讨情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能培训中的有效性.方法 将120例初产妇按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各60例,对照组采用传统模式对初产妇进行母乳喂养健康教育,观察组进行情景式健康教育,比较两组健康教育的效果.结果 观察组初产妇母乳喂养知识、技能掌握及实践能力显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);产妇对健康教育效果的满意度显著优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 情景式健康教育可促进初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能的掌握,提高其实践能力;提高患者满意度,促进护患和谐.     

酒精性肝炎自噬关键基因的筛选及生物信息学分析

目的 筛选酒精性肝炎（AH）的自噬关键基因,探讨AH潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。 方法  采用基因表达综合数据库（GEO）中的2个AH基因芯片和从MSigDB、GeneCards数据库中获得的自噬相关数据集,通过加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）获取关键基因。对筛选的关键基因进行基因本体（GO）、京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）功能富集分析,蛋白质相互作用（PPI）分析,免疫浸润分析,构建信使RNA（mRNA）-微小RNA（miRNA）网络,进行酒精性肝病不同分期的自噬相关关键基因的表达差异分析,并进一步通过实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）在AH患者和小鼠肝脏组织中验证。 结果  本研究筛选得到了11个与AH自噬相关的基因（EEF1A2、CFTR、SOX4、TREM2、CTHRC1、HSPB8、TUBB3、PRKAA2、RNASE1、MTCL1、HGF）,均为上调基因。在AH患者和小鼠肝脏组织中,SOX4、TREM2、HSPB8、PRKAA2在AH组中的相对表达量均高于对照组。 结论  SOX4、TREM2、HSPB8、PRKAA2可能是AH潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。     

高职护理新生职业生涯规划教育的效果评价

目的 探讨对高职护理新生实施职业生涯规划教育的效果.方法 将328名三年制大专护理专业一年级学生按班级随机分为对照组(165名)和实验组(163名).对照组给予新生入校专业教育,实验组在此基础上开设护士职业生涯规划课程进行教育干预,采用高护生职业生涯规划调查问卷评价干预效果.结果 干预后,实验组在自我认识、环境评估、职业目标、行动计划和反馈修正5个维度得分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 对护生开展职业规划课程教育,可唤起护生的生涯意识,增强其对护理专业的认同感,促使其热爱护理事业,为今后的护理工作奠定良好的基础.     

面部损伤的早期瘢痕顺序防治研究

目的观察探讨面部各种外伤(包括刀割伤、动物咬伤、烧伤等)导致的面部愈合创面,在早期使用强脉冲光(Intense Pulsed Light,IPL)治疗,后顺序联合使用超脉冲CO_2点阵激光治疗的安全性和有效性。方法选取35例面部浅表外伤愈合者,在创面愈合14d后开始使用IPL治疗5次,间隔1月1次,后如创面有瘢痕隆起,使用超脉冲CO_2点阵激光治疗5次,间隔45d 1次。通过治疗前后使用温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)和北卡罗来纳大学瘢痕量表对疗效进行评估。结果治疗疗程结束后3个月,患者的VSS评分和北卡罗来纳大学瘢痕量表评分明显低于首次治疗前评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。25例患者对疗效非常满意,8例患者对疗效满意,2例患者因治疗后出现局部水泡,后色素沉着,6个月后复诊消失,治疗结束对疗效较为满意。结论针对面部外伤,在创面愈合早期,一般为14d左右即可开始使用IPL进行瘢痕的预防治疗,5次治疗后如有瘢痕隆起皮面,可使用CO_2点阵激光重建瘢痕,具有操作方便、疗效好、副作用小且少、患者满意度高等优点。     

中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律

目的统计分析中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律,为临床中医治疗胎动不安提供用药参考。方法严格按照标准筛选中医治疗胎动不安的中药处方,采用excel表格对处方基本用药信息进行统计,然后再采用SPSS19. 0软件以中药的功效作为评价指标进行分析,以确定处方中用药味数、用药天数、以及中药的使用频次。并对使用频次前30位的药物进行归类,确定药物使用频次高的特征值、贡献率和综合得分。结果所选取的356例患者中药处方中,平均用药药味数15. 7味,平均剂量226. 7 g,使用频次最高的前5位药分别为菟丝子、桑寄生、续断、白芍、白术; 30味中药通过按照功效可分为5类,所提取的10个主成分能反映系统聚类中的分类结果。结论对中医治疗胎动不安患者处方进行分析,为中医治疗胎动不安提供了用药参考,对指导临床合理用药有重要指导意义。     

腰椎终板Modic改变与椎间盘退变对应关系及二者与下腰痛关系的分析

目的：研究腰椎终板Modic改变类型与椎间盘退变的关系及二者与下腰痛（low back pain,LBP）的关系。方法：选取2016年10—12月间行腰椎MRI检查且合并Modic改变的患者200例。Pfirrmann分级评估腰椎间盘退变。通过电话随访,采用VAS法评估LBP。统计Modic改变及邻近椎间盘退变在下腰段（L4/5及L5/S1水平）的分布情况及关系,及二者与LBP的关系。结果：Modic Ⅱ型与Ⅱ?Ⅰ型均与轻度椎间盘退变相关（P < 0.05）。Modic Ⅰ?Ⅱ型与轻度及严重椎间盘均相关（P < 0.05）,而Modic Ⅰ型与严重椎间盘退变相关（P < 0.05）。Modic Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型及Ⅰ?Ⅱ型与LBP相关（P < 0.05）。多因素分析后,严重椎间盘退变（4级）与LBP相关性消失（P > 0.05）。结论：退变程度较高的腰椎间盘易合并Modic Ⅰ型,Modic Ⅱ型更常见于退变程度较低的腰椎间盘;退变初始阶段,Modic Ⅱ型可能向Ⅰ型转换。虽然Modic改变与腰椎间盘退变均与LBP相关,Modic改变的影响可能更直接,而腰椎间盘退变通过Modic改变间接产生影响,因此较弱。     

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64% (P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71% (P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85% (P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.     

胸腔镜或头灯光源辅助的小切口胸腰椎前路手术

目的：探讨胸腔镜或头灯光源辅助下小切口胸腰椎前路病灶清除和重建术的疗效及并发症。方法：63例胸腰椎疾病患者，胸腰椎爆裂性骨折25例，胸腰椎结核28例（均伴有腰椎冷脓肿或死骨），胸腰椎转移性肿瘤6例，嗜酸性肉芽肿1例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例，胸椎间盘突出症2例。神经功能Frankel分级：A级4例，B级4例，C级5例．D绒8例，E级42例。采用胸腔镜光源辅助下小切口手术35例，头灯光源辅助下小切口手术28例。病灶清除重建植骨术24例，病灶清除植骨钉板内固定39例。结果：切口长度5．7cm，平均5．8cm。平均手术时间210min，平均术中小血量650ml。术后神经功能A级4例，B级1例，C级2例，D级10例。E级46例。并发胸腔积液2例，肺不张2例，脑脊液漏1例，股外侧皮神经或肋间神经损害7例，经治疗均治愈。42例获半年～2年，平均1.1年随访，无植骨脱出或内固定失效，植骨均获愈合，畸形得到矫正，结核无复发，1例转移性肿瘤复发。结论：光源辅助下小切口腰腰椎前路手术克服了常规开胸手术切口长、创伤大、术后恢复慢等缺点，同时也克服了标准“锁孔”胸腔镜技术操作口过小、完全镜下操作、技术要求高、不易推广等缺点．是并发症较少、便于推广的较安全微创技术。