萘普生缓释片及人体药代动力学研究

萘普生（Ｎａｐｒｃｘｅｎ）缓释片是以羟丙基甲基纤维素（ＨＰＭＣ）为亲的水骨架，加稀释剂、润滑剂压制亲的水凝胶骨架片．该片在体外１２ｈ累积释放量大于９０％，其释放行为（０～８ｈ）可用Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程描述；人体内血药浓度数据符合一级吸收单室模型，动力学参数Ｋ，Ｃｍａｘ，ｔｍａｘ和ＡｌＣ０—∞分别为０．０２５ｈ－１，２８．２６×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３．７２ｈ和１４．９１×１０－３ｍｏｌ·ｈ／Ｌ．     

培育高质量科研成果在促进眼科学学科发展中的作用

目的通过查阅我中心1996年以来获奖成果目录及相关档案和内容,并结合中心学科发展现状进行分析。探讨科研成果在眼科学学科建设中的作用。调查显示:1996年以来我中心共获省部级以上科研成果65项,涉及眼科学多个专科,培养了一批研究骨干。通过培育科研成果形成了稳定的研究方向,培养出一支梯队合理的科研队伍,创造出良好科研氛围,取得了一批标志性成果,建立起强大的基础研究平台,使科研实力大大增强,促进了眼科学的学科发展。     

元宝枫叶提取物的减肥作用研究

目的研究元宝枫叶提取物对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥作用及机制。方法利用营养饲料制备大鼠肥胖模型,分别给予不同组别大鼠元宝枫叶提取物10、30和100mg/kg BW。于实验结束测定体重、体脂、食物消耗量、脂/体比及肝脏脂肪酸合酶活性指标。实验持续31天。结果与模型对照组比较,30mg/kg与100mg/kg组3周后体重和实验终体重均显著降低(P<0.01),能降低肥胖模型大鼠体脂重量和脂/体比(P<0.05),可抑制脂肪酸合酶活性(P<0.05)。结论元宝枫叶提取物具有减肥功能。     

A low molecular weight fraction of polyethylenimine (PEI) displays increased transfection efficiency of DNA and siRNA in fresh or lyophilized complexes.

RNA interference (RNAi) represents a powerful method for specific gene silencing. It is mediated through small double-stranded RNA molecules (small interfering RNAs, siRNAs) which sequence-specifically trigger the cleavage and subsequent degradation of their target mRNA. One critical factor that determines the success of RNAi is the ability to deliver intact siRNAs into target cells. Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are synthetic polymers with a high cationic charge density which function as transfection reagents based on their ability to compact DNA or RNA into complexes. This paper describes the application of lyophilized PEI/siRNA complexes based on a novel polyethylenimine. By fractionation of a commercially available 25-kDa PEI using gel permeation chromatography, a low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI F25-LMW) with superior transfection efficacy and low toxicity in various cell lines is obtained. Complexes formed in 5% glucose, but not in 150 mM NaCl, can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of transfection efficacy. Furthermore, PEI F25-LMW is able to complex and fully protect siRNAs against nucleolytic degradation, and delivers siRNAs into cells where they display bioactivity. Upon lyophilization and reconstitution of PEI F25-LMW-based siRNA complexes, siRNAs are still able to efficiently induce RNAi. To further demonstrate their applicability, lyophilized PEI/siRNA complexes are employed for targeting of the growth factor VEGF. Treatment of PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells with fresh or with lyophilized complexes results in decreased cell proliferation in different assays due to the siRNA-mediated downregulation of VEGF. In conclusion, siRNAs can be applied in lyophilized formulations, and lyophilized PEI F25-LMW-based siRNA complexes represent a powerful, inexpensive, non-toxic and simple ready-to-use platform for the specific and efficient targeting of genes in vitro.     

四妙散加减方对AGA患者T细胞亚群和血液流变学及炎性因子的影响＊

目的 探究四妙散加减方对急性痛风性关节炎（AGA）患者T细胞亚群、血液流变学及炎性因子的影响。方法 随机将2017年3月-2018年2月期间因痛风急性发作住院患者分为治疗组与对照组，各54例，对照组口服二氟尼柳片治疗，在对照组的基础上，治疗组给予四妙散加减方，两组均连续治疗3个月。治疗后，观察疗效，并对比治疗前后的临床症状评分、血尿酸、T细胞亚群、白介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、全血粘度（ηb）、血浆粘度（ηp）、血沉（ESR）、红细胞电泳（EEP）、纤维蛋白原（Fib）水平。结果 治疗组的治疗总有效率（92.59%）显著高于对照组的总有效率（79.63%），差异有统计学意义（Z=3.693，P<0.001）。经过治疗后，治疗组治疗后的关节疼痛、关节急性红肿、关节功能障碍、口渴、发热、心烦不安、尿黄等临床症状评分均明显低于对照组的（P<0.05）；治疗后，治疗组治疗后的血尿酸、TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、CD₄⁺、CD₄/CD₈、ESR、EEP、ηb、ηp、Fib水平均明显低于对照组的（P<0.05），治疗组治疗后的CD₃⁺、CD₈⁺水平均明显高于对照组的（P<0.05）。结论 四妙散加减方治疗AGA的临床效果较好，能降低血尿酸，改善临床症状，预计与改善T细胞亚群、血液流变学指标和抑制炎症反应有关。     

Brain Energy Metabolism: Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain. They have many important functions in the central nervous system (CNS), including the maintenance of glutamate and ion homeostasis, the elimination of oxidative stress, energy storage in glycogen, tissue repair, regulating synaptic activity by releasing neurotransmitters, and participating in synaptic formation. Astrocytes have special highly ramified structure. Their branches contact with synapses of neurons inwardly, with fine structure and wrapping synapses; their feet contact with blood vessels of brain parenchyma outward, almost wrapping the whole brain. The adjacent astrocytes rarely overlap and communicate with each other through gap junction channels. The ideal location of astrocytes enables them to sense the weak changes of their surroundings and provide the structural basis for the energy supply of neurons. Neurons and astrocytes are closely coupled units of energy metabolism in the brain. Neurons consume a lot of ATPs in the process of neurotransmission. Astrocytes provide metabolic substrates for neurons, maintain high activity of neuron, and facilitate information transmission of neurons. This article reviews the characteristics of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism of astrocytes. The metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, astrocytes and microglia were also detailed discussed. Finally, we classified analyzed the role of metabolic disorder of astrocytes in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases.