淀粉接枝醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)胶粘剂的性能优化

通过加入添加剂对淀粉接枝醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂进行性能优化.研究了胶粘剂的粘结强度与接枝参数的关系,并在此基础上加入添加剂,研究添加剂的加入对接枝参数的影响.通过单因素试验确立接枝参数最大的反应条件为添加剂的加入量0.2 g,加入时刻为接枝反应开始后2h,滴加质量浓度为0.05 g/mL,滴加净时间为20 min.研究了添加剂对粘结强度和耐水性的影响,并通过响应面分析试验得出最佳反应条件当加入量为0.205 g、滴加时间为19 min时,胶粘荆的粘结强度和耐水性达到最大值.     

人参二醇组皂甙对精索静脉曲张大鼠的保护作用及其机制

把56只成年Wistar大鼠分为如下3组:①精索静脉曲张组(VG)30只;②精索静脉曲张人参二醇组皂甙组(VPG)8只;③假手术组(SOG)18只。实验结果表明,人参二醇组皂甙可显著提高精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸ACE活力并降低睾丸LPO含量,但3组动物睾丸的SOD水平无明显差异。作者认为人参二醇组皂甙可能是通过减少LPO产生以提高ACE活力,从而实现对精索静脉曲张大鼠的保护作用。     

Strecker stent in stenotic hemodialysis Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistulas

Flexible tantalum stents (Strecker) were used as an adjunct to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of stenotic arterial or venous limbs of Brescia-Cimino hemodialysis fistulas. The diagnostic procedure was performed using retrograde fistulography. After PTA with unsatisfactory results, stents were placed in 5 patients with significant residual stenoses and poor fistula function. Within the mean follow-up period of 6.4 months (range 3–10 months) all fistulas were functioning. We conclude that Strecker stent is useful in the treatment of stenotic hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas as an adjunct to PTA.     

胎儿肝、脾、肾中凝血因子Ⅷ:C与vWF的研究

凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)由vWF和FⅧ:C组成。FⅧ:C的合成部位至今尚未确认。本文检测了16～22周胎龄胎儿肝、脾、肾及肾小球组织中Ⅷ:C活性及vWF:Ag含量后,发现肾中Ⅷ:C活性较高(1.679±1.588 U/ml),尤其是肾小球中高达46.313±40.651U/ml,脾中次之(0.372±0.462 U/ml),肝中最低(0.021±0.029U/ml)。将3种组织细胞培养后,发现仍以肾中Ⅷ:C活性最高。由此提示,肾可能是Ⅷ:C的合成部位。同时检测三器官中vWF:Ag,发现含量极微。这些组织中Ⅷ:C与vWF的关系有待研究。     

THE EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC ARRHYTHMIA AND THE RELATION BETWEEN EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE AND CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINE-LIKE RECEPTORS

For investigating the effect of acupuncture on ischemic arrhythmia and its mech-anism, adult albino rats with ligated anterior descending branch of coronary artery as experimentalmodel were treated with or without acupuncture, and others with imitative operation but without bothcoronary artery ligation and acupuncture treatment were used as control. It was found in acupuncturegroup that the fibrillation-liability of ischemic myocardium was efficiently decreased, the affinity ofAch-M receptors on membranes of ischemic myocardium was markedly increased, and the tolerance ofischemic myocardium to atropine was elevated in the experiment of atropine inducing fibrillation.These results indicate that acupuncture may play a therapeutic role on ischemic arrhythmia throughactivating the activity of muscarine-like receptors of cholinergic nervous system.     

Risk factors of influenza transmission in households.

BACKGROUND: Influenza transmission in households is a subject of renewed interest, as the vaccination of children is currently under debate and antiviral treatments have been approved for prophylactic use. AIMS: To quantify the risk factors of influenza transmission in households. DESIGN OF STUDY: A prospective study conducted during the 1999 to 2000 winter season in France. SETTING: Nine hundred and forty-six households where a member, the index patient, had visited their general practitioner (GP) because of an influenza-like illness were enrolled in the study. Five hundred and ten of the index patients tested positive for influenza A (subtype H3N2). A standardised daily questionnaire allowed for identification of secondary cases of influenza among their household contacts, who were followed-up for 15 days. Of the 395 (77%) households that completed the questionnaire, we selected 279 where no additional cases had occurred on the day of the index patient's visit to the GP. METHODS: Secondary cases of influenza were those household contacts who had developed clinical influenza within 5 days of the disease onset in the index patient. Hazard ratios for individual clinical and demographic characteristics of the contact and their index patient were derived from a Cox regression model. RESULTS: Overall in the 279 households, 131 (24.1%) secondary cases occurred among the 543 household contacts. There was an increased risk of influenza transmission in preschool contacts (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 3.26) as compared with school-age and adult contacts. There was also an increased risk in contacts exposed to preschool index patients (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.42) and school-age index patients (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.65), compared with those exposed to adult index cases. No other factor was associated with transmission of the disease. CONCLUSION: Our results support the major role of children in the dissemination of influenza in households. Vaccination of children or prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors would prevent, respectively, 32-38% and 21-41% of secondary cases caused by exposure to a sick child in the household.     

颈前路带锁钛板在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的应用

目的评价脊髓型颈椎病前路减压后应用带锁钛板内固定的价值。方法对51例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用前路减压、取自体髂骨植骨和颈椎带锁钛板内固定治疗。结果随访43例,平均随访时间2a,术后3个月植骨块获得骨性融合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意,感觉、肌力明显恢复,钛板及螺钉无松动及断裂现象。结论脊髓型颈椎病前路减压术后应用带锁钛板内固定能促使植骨块融合,有效地维持椎间高度和颈椎生理曲度,有较高的应用价值。     

髌骨粉碎性骨折的手术治疗

目的:探讨治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折内固定方法的临床疗效。方法:72例髌骨粉碎性骨折患者,男53例,女19例;年龄16~65岁,平均34岁;左侧33例,右侧39例。闭合伤61例,开放伤11例。髌骨下极粉碎45例,髌底粉碎6例,全髌粉碎21例。内固定方式:钢丝环扎固定26例,克氏针张力带固定5例,镍钛聚髌器(NT-PC)固定41例,对其疗效作分析对比。结果:72例患者中有65例获随访,随访时间6个月~5年。所有骨折均临床愈合,以术后不同时期膝关节功能和X线检查综合判断疗效,钢丝环扎固定、克氏针张力带固定、NT-PC固定三组中,术后下地行走平均时间分别为35、18、10d,术后正常步态平均时间分别为48、45、22d,屈膝90°时间分别为50、30、26d,三组优良率分别为79·2%、50·0%、91·9%。结论:NT-PC用于粉碎性骨折的治疗,避免了髌骨部分或全部切除,最大限度保存膝关节功能,是目前理想的内固定方法。     

放射治疗骨转移癌疼痛47例临床分析

目的 观察骨转移癌疼痛放射治疗方法对疼痛的缓解效果。方法47例患者60处骨转移灶均采用6 MV X线放射治疗。剂量方案采用两种方法:A方案:30—51 Gy/10～17f/2～4周,B方案:25～30 Gy/5—6f/1～2周。结果分次方案对疼痛缓解率无明显影响,总有效率均为91.5％,但常规分次放疗3～4次后疼痛缓解,而低分割放疗1—2次后疼痛即缓解。结论 骨转移癌放射治疗止痛效果确切、迅速,副作用小,对大部分病例可采用低分割方案。