Microcystic meningiomas—an unusual morphological variant of meningiomas

Evidence for tumour suppressor genes (anti-oncogenes, hemerogenes, flatogenes) has been obtained from the behaviour of familial childhood tumours in man, tumours in Drosophila caused by recessive mutations, experiments on fusing tumour cells to normal cells in tissue culture and revertants of oncogene-transformed cells. They may comprise more than one class of genes, one of which is likely to consist of genes responsible for normal differentiation. In large long-lived animals like man, which have a large potential somatic mutational load, mutant genes are associated with autosomal dominant behaviour in families. The susceptible individuals inherit heterozygosity of the tumour gene but the emergence of a tumour appears to follow a second somatic mutational event which results in homozygosity or hemizygosity. Hence, in tumour cells the mutations behave in a recessive manner. Success in isolating the normal genes may provide new tools for antenatal diagnosis of carriers and open up the possibility of developing new gene therapy.     

牙CT在口腔临床诊治中的应用

口腔科的发展离不开影像学的进步，传统根尖片、全景片的应用大大提高了口腔疾病的确诊率，大型CT的应用更是克服了传统二维平片无法三维显示口腔解剖的缺点，推动了口腔科学的发展？近年来，越来越多的牙科专用CT（牙CT，DCT）陆续推出，并逐步应用于口腔疾病的诊断与评估。     

Remote astrocytic and microglial activation modulates neuronal hyperexcitability and below-level neuropathic pain after spinal injury in rat

In this study, we evaluated whether astrocytic and microglial activation mediates below-level neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Male Sprague–Dawley (225–250 g) rats were given low thoracic (T13) spinal transverse hemisection and behavioral, electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods were used to examine the development and maintenance of below-level neuropathic pain. On postoperation day 28, both hind limbs showed significantly decreased paw withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies as well as hyperexcitability of lumbar (L4-5) spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons on both sides of spinal dorsal horn compared to sham controls (* P<0.05). Intrathecal treatment with propentofylline (PPF, 10 mM) for 7 consecutive days immediately after spinal injury attenuated the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both hind limbs in a dose-related reduction compared to vehicle treatments (* P<0.05). Intrathecal treatment with single injections of PPF at 28 days after spinal injury, attenuated the existing mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both hind limbs in a dose related reduction (* P<0.05). In electrophysiological studies, topical treatment of 10 mM PPF onto the spinal surface attenuated the neuronal hyperexcitability in response to mechanical stimuli. In immunohistochemical studies, astrocytes and microglia in rats with spinal hemisection showed significantly increased GFAP and OX-42 expression in both superficial and deep dorsal horns in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn compared to sham controls (* P<0.05) that was prevented in a dose-related manner by PPF. In conclusion, our present data support astrocytic and microglial activation that contributes to below-level central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury.     

硫酸钙人工骨对山羊下颌骨牵引成骨的影响

目的建立山羊双侧下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型,探讨硫酸钙人工骨对山羊下颌骨牵引成骨区新骨生成的作用及局部使用硫酸钙对血清总钙的影响。方法8只山羊随机分为A组（硫酸钙组）和B组（对照组）．建立牵引成骨（Distraction Osteogenesis,DO）模型。A组预牵开3mm间隙,注入硫酸钙人工骨;B组常规牵引：两组均于术后第5天开始,以0．5mm／12h的速度牵引,A组连续牵引7d,B组连续牵引10d,两组颌骨总延长距离均达到10mm。术前及术后早期检测血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和血清总钙浓度。牵引结束后第6周取材,对新生骨大体标本、影像学、组织学、骨密度及生物力学等指标进行观察检测。结果所有山羊下颌骨均延长了约10／mm,A组血清ALP浓度、新生骨小梁面积百分比、骨密度及三点弯曲断裂最大载荷值均比B组高（P〈0．05）,而血清总钙浓度与B组相比差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论动物实验表明,硫酸钙人丁骨在牵引成骨的早期对新骨的形成具有促进作用．且局部应用硫酸钙对血清总钙浓度无明显影响．具有良好的生物相容性。     

内踝前穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

Objective To explore distally-based the interal ankle perforator saphenou neuro-veno-fasciocutaneous flap has been universally adopted for the repairment of the foot and the ankle soft-tissue defects.Methods Lay a foundation of anatomic studying,using the interal ankle perforator saphenous neuro-venofasciocutaneous flap 10 cases, the flap axis point was 1-3 cm above the pink of the interal ankle, average 2 cm. The scope of the flap were 4.0 cm× 3.0 cm-8.0 cm× 6.0 cm. Results All the perforator saphenous neuro-veno-fasciocutaneous flap were lively. About all, 2 cases had the small distant part necrosis, 1 case accompanying with subcutaneous tissue heels after change dressings, another heels after skin grating. All case can walk as usual, the flap had wear-resisting and keenly feel. Conclusion Distally-based the interal ankle perforator saphenous neuro-veno-fasciocutaneous flap, near ankle, donner area exiting fine, utlizing scope large, skin nice, grating easy, no hurting important blood vessle, alive rate high, it is an good donner area in repairing the foot and the ankle soft-tissue defects.     

MR双反转恢复序列在难治性癫痫患者中的初步应用

目的：探讨MR双反转恢复（DIR）序列在难治性癫痫定位诊断中的价值。分析DIR显示难治性癫痫患者灰质、白质结构的改变。方法：回顾性分析7例难治性癫痫患者的临床、脑电图和影像学资料,观察患者在DIR上的表现。结果：6例复杂部分发作的患者在DIR上发现异常信号,1例全面性发作的癫痫患者在影像学上朱发现异常。结论：DIR序列能突出显示灰质和白质结构,灰白质对比度高,列难治性癫痫术前定位诊断具有一定的价值。     

肛肠外科专科性围术期护理研究

本文回顾性分析了延安大学附属医院肛肠科2013年上半年开展专科性围术期护理的病例资料,探讨肛肠外科患者围术期专业性及专科性护理特征,旨在通过强化肛肠科专科性护理,提高患者术前耐受力,降低并发症,促进患者早日康复,提高专科护理质量,进一步指导临床专科护理实践。     

Bile Duct Reconstruction by a Young Surgeon in Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using Right Liver Graft

Biliary strictures and bile leaks account for the majority of biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The aim of this study was to examine differences in biliary complications after adult LDLTs were performed by an experienced senior surgeon and an inexperienced junior surgeon. Surgeries included bile duct reconstruction after adult LDLT using a right liver graft, and risk factors for biliary stricture were identified.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 136 patients who underwent LDLT in order to identify patients who developed biliary complications.The senior surgeon performed 102 surgeries and the junior surgeon performed 34 surgeries. The proportion of patients with biliary stricture was similar between the senior and the junior surgeons (27.5% vs 26.5%; P = 0.911). However, the incidence of biliary leakage was higher in patients of the junior surgeon than in those of the senior surgeon (23.5% vs 2.9%; P = 0.001). The frequency of percutaneous drainage was also higher for the junior surgeon than the senior surgeon because of the junior surgeon’s high leakage rate of the drainage. When the junior surgeon performed bile duct anastomosis, biliary leakage occurred in 7 patients between the 11th and 20th cases. However, biliary leakage occurred in only 1 case thereafter.Bile duct reconstruction performed by beginner surgeons in LDLT using right lobe grafts should be cautiously monitored and observed by a senior surgeon until an inexperienced junior surgeon has performed at least 20 cases, because of the high incidence of biliary leakage related to surgeon’s inexperience in bile duct reconstructions in LDLT.