颅底外面枕骨基底部及周边骨性结构的测量和临床意义

目的为斜坡区肿瘤手术提供解剖资料。方法20例整颅,10例行水平切面,10例行正中矢状切面。测量切牙孔、前鼻棘、后鼻棘、枕骨大孔前端、枕髁前端、卵圆孔、破裂孔、颈动脉管外口及舌下神经管外口的内侧缘至咽结节的距离;测量卵圆孔、破裂孔、颈动脉管外口及舌下神经管外口的内侧缘至正中线的距离;测量枕骨基底部颅底外面的长径、枕骨大孔纵径(FML)、枕骨大孔前正中点与枕髁后缘连线垂直距离(AOCP)、枕髁轴径(OCA)、枕髁间距。结果切牙孔后缘、前鼻棘、后鼻棘、枕骨大孔前端、枕髁前端、卵圆孔、破裂孔、颈动脉管外口及舌下神经管外口的内侧缘至咽结节的距离分别为(mm):72.12±4.25、77.77±3.89、33.73±2.07、13.14±1.91、15.71±1.74、27.51±2.12、15.98±1.98、25.93±2.23、19.15±1.49。卵圆孔、破裂孔、颈动脉管及舌下神经管外口的内侧缘至中线的距离分别为:25.55±1.63、11.72±1.70、25.75±1.98、17.41±1.41。枕骨基底部颅底外面长径、FML、AOCP、OCA、枕髁间距分别为(mm):28.80±2.67、35.84±2.59、17.10±1.13、24.55±2.35、21.07±1.92。结论经口咽至斜坡区的手术入路中,开骨窗时安全范围是以咽结节为中心,以15mm为半径做斜坡磨除;也可以做矩形骨窗,即以咽结节为中心开一长(高)25mm×宽20mm的骨窗。     

阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马结构Akt磷酸化与caspase3表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨Aβ所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠Akt的磷酸化水平与caspase 3在海马结构神经元的表达及其分布.方法 选用24只3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组(侧脑室注射10μgAβ25-35).免疫组化方法观察caspase-3在海马结构神经元(海马CA1、CA3和齿状回)的表达;Western blot方法检测海马结构神经元Akt的磷酸化水平.结果 模型组海马结构3个亚区神经元的caspase-3的平均光密度值均较对照组明显增高(P＜0.01);模型组P-Akt的表达量较对照组明显下调(P＜0.05).结论 Aβ25-35可能是通过下调Akt的磷酸化水平促进caspase-3的表达,进而导致海马结构神经元的凋亡.     

充血性心力衰竭大鼠的大脑海马区TGF-β1表达的变化

目的研究充血性心力衰竭大鼠的大脑海马区TGF-β1变化。方法将85只成年雄性sD大鼠随机分为正常组5只、假手术组40只、模型组40只,假手术组和模型组观察时间点为术后1、2、4、8周。采用腹主动脉部分缩窄术。建立大鼠慢性充血性心力衰竭模型。应用超声心动图动态监测左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）,舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVSd）和左室后壁厚度（LVPWd）;解剖心脏,计算心肌质量指数[心质量／体质量（HW／BW）和左室质量／体质量（LVW／BW）],免疫组织化学染色法检测大脑海马区TGF-β1表达变化。结果模型组LVEDd、IVSd、LVPWd高于正常组和假手术组,且呈时间依赖性上升趋势（P〈0．01）。模型组心肌质量指数与正常组和假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。模型组TGF-β1表达量明显高于假手术组。结论压力超负荷性心力衰竭发生过程中大脑海马区TGF-β1表达量明显增高。     

Clinical, biochemical and pathological features of initial and repeat transrectal ultrasonography prostate biopsy positive patients

BACKGROUND: Using sextant biopsy, 16-41% of prostate cancers were diagnosed on repeat biopsy. The objective of the present study was to compare the differences in the clinical, biochemical and pathological features between patients with positive results on initial and repeat biopsies, with an aim to identify factors that can be used to improve the detection rate of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate. METHODS: Between February 2000 and April 2001, 222 patients with a mean age of 64 years (range 38-85) underwent TRUS-guided 10-core prostate biopsy for either abnormal prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (>4 ng/mL) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). Of this number, 165 patients underwent their first biopsy, whereas 45 and 12 patients had had one or two previous biopsies, respectively. RESULTS: Prostate cancer detection rates for the initial biopsy group (n = 165), second biopsy group (n = 45) and third biopsy group (n = 12) were 29.7, 23.0 and 41.7%, respectively. Six patients who had a negative first 10-core biopsy underwent a second 10-core biopsy and one patient (16%) was found to have cancer. Apart from total prostate volume, there were no significant statistical differences between the patient age, mean total PSA, PSA density, PSA-transition zone density, DRE and TRUS findings between the initial and repeat biopsy groups of subjects who had cancer. Those who had cancer detected only on repeat biopsies had larger prostate glands (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Patients who had cancer detected only on repeat biopsies had bigger prostate glands, supporting the hypothesis that TRUS sextant biopsy as a technique suffers the error of under-sampling in a bigger prostate.     

Can normal saline be used to fill the balloon of a Foley catheter? The experience of a prospective randomized study in China

BACKGROUND: Despite the lack of evidence, using normal saline for inflating the balloon of a Foley urethral catheter is frequently regarded as a cause for deflation failure. We have investigated the issue by comparing the rate of deflation failure of Foley catheter balloon, using either sterile water or normal saline as the filling solution. METHODS: Four thousand latex Foley urethral catheters (14 Fr) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: sterile water or normal saline. Each of the catheter balloons would then be inflated with 10 mL of the corresponding fluid. They were subsequently put in water baths at 37 degrees C for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, all the balloons were deflated by people who were blind to the assignment of fluid inflated. Failure of deflation was defined as the balloon not being able to be deflated completely. The number of deflation failures was recorded and the amount of fluid aspirated from each balloon was also noted. RESULTS: Of the 4000 catheters, 17 (0.43%) were found to be defective and could not be used for the study. The remaining 3983 catheters were randomly allocated into the sterile water (2011) and normal saline (1972) groups. The failure rate of deflation for the sterile water group and normal saline group were 185 (9.2%) and 157 (8.0%), respectively, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.162). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the rate of deflation failure of latex Foley balloons by using either sterile water or normal saline as the filling solution.     

Survivin基因多态性与中国人群肿瘤易感性的Meta分析

目的：探讨survivin基因启动子－31G／C多态性与中国人群肿瘤易感性的关系。方法：在Pubmed、Medline和中国期刊网全文数据库等数据库中检索相关中外文文献,制定文献纳入及排除标准,运用statal1．0软件进行Meta分析,计算合并的比值比（0R）及95％可信区间（CI）。结果：在中国人群中,survivin基因启动子－31G／C位点携带C碱基的肿瘤易感性是携带G碱基的1．30倍（OR=1．30,95％CI：1．08～1．56）,且携带C／C基因型比携带其他基因型更容易导致肿瘤的发生。结论：survivin基因启动子－31G／C位点可能是中国人群肿瘤的一个重要分子标记物。     

CBCT和数字曲面体层片在颌骨后牙区牙种植术中应用研究

目的探讨CBCT与数字曲面体层片在牙种植术中的应用价值。方法 50例(58颗)牙种植治疗患者同时采用CBCT和数字曲面体层检查方法,将得到的术前颌骨牙槽骨量和术后骨结合的影像结果对照,分析差异性。结果下颌后牙区牙槽骨量不足CBCT检出阳性率为28.57%;数字曲面体层影像检查检出阳性率为7.14%。经过χ2检验,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。上颌后牙区牙槽骨量不足CBCT和数字曲面体层影像检查检出阳性率分别为36.36%、9.09%。经过χ2检验,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。种植牙术后3个月种植体未发生骨结合的阳性率,CBCT检出阳性率为3.45%(2/58);数字曲面体层片检出阳性率为8.62%(5/58),两者无统计学差异(P>0.05),实际临床检测发现仅1例未发生骨结合,阳性率为1.72%(1/58)。结论 CBCT是种植牙术前目前颌骨骨量测量较为可靠方法。CBCT与数字曲面体层片相比,数字曲面体层片存在变形,牙槽骨高度数据测量值普遍偏大。在术后检查中CBCT能更清晰地反映种植体周围骨质,评估种植手术的成功与否及对上部结构的修复有重要的指导意义。     

口腔科首诊颈侧区无痛性肿块175例回顾性分析

目的:总结颈侧区非涎腺、非甲状腺无痛性肿块的临床分布规律及与年龄的关系。方法:对2005～2012年6月收治的175例颈侧区无痛性肿块临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:175例颈侧区无痛肿块,40岁以下各组良性肿块多见,40岁以上各组恶性肿块多见。肿块中肿瘤107例,炎症40例,畸形28例。结论:颈侧区非涎腺、非甲状腺无痛性肿块性质与年龄存在关系,40岁以下良性肿块多见,40岁以上恶性肿块多见。本组病例中,肿瘤多见,肿瘤中恶性肿瘤多见,其中40岁以下患者恶性肿瘤以淋巴瘤占首位,40岁以上患者以转移癌多见。     

脑血管病急性期MMP-9、IL-6和IL-10水平变化的研究

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶‐9（MMP‐9）、白细胞介素‐6（IL‐6）和白细胞介素‐10（IL‐10）与脑动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性以及脑梗死的关系。方法选择急性脑血管病患者56例,其中反复短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）16例,急性脑梗死40例。对照组为21例健康体检者。所有缺血性脑血管病患者均经头CT血管造影（CTA）检查或颈部血管超声证实存在不稳定斑块,且发病机制考虑与不稳定斑块破裂有关。采用ELISA方法检测各组血清MMP‐9、IL‐6和IL‐10水平并进行比较。结果急性脑梗死组患者血清中MMP‐9、IL‐10水平分别为（137.10±69.38）ng/mL和（39.16±32.82）pg/mL,TIA组患者血清中MMP‐9、IL‐10水平分别为（119.79±65.54）ng/mL和（33.00±21.36）pg/mL,均明显高于对照组〔分别为（65.42±36.81）ng/mL和（19.83±12.16）pg/mL〕;脑梗死组患者血清MMP‐9及IL‐10水平均高于TIA组（均P＜0.05）。各组间IL‐6水平差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论MMP‐9和IL‐10水平升高可能与动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块破裂以及脑梗死灶形成有关。     

中央脊髓综合征的手术治疗

背景：中央脊髓综合征是常见的不完全性颈脊髓损伤,目前关于其手术与非手术处理的利与弊仍是脊柱外科争论的焦点。目的：探讨中央脊髓综合征的手术治疗效果及预后。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年6月采用手术治疗的34例中央脊髓综合征患者的临床资料,男24例,女10例;年龄39~76岁,平均53.6岁;前路手术26例,后路手术8例。采用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分标准对患者神经功能进行评定,记录所有患者术前、术后6个月及末次随访的JOA评分,评估手术疗效并分析其预后情况。结果：34例患者全部获得随访,随访时间为6~23个月,平均（14.5±3.8）个月。术前JOA评分平均为（8.8±1.8）分,术后6个月提高至（13.9±2.1）分,末次随访为（14.6±1.5）分。术后6个月及末次随访时的评分改善率分别为（66.1±21.6）%和（73.6±15.2）%。术后1例发生脑脊液漏,1例发生硬膜外血肿,无一例发生椎动脉损伤、切口感染、内固定物失败等并发症。结论：手术解除椎管内的压迫是治疗中央脊髓综合征的有效方法。对于诊断明确的中央脊髓综合征,在全身情况允许的条件下,宜早期根据椎管内脊髓损伤的节段、压迫来源及程度等选择相应的手术方案,以改善脊髓内血供,减少脊髓继发性损害,促进神经功能的改善和恢复。