广州地区一九九七年孕产妇死亡原因分析

目的：分析广州地区１９９７年２７例孕产妇死亡原因。方法：对广州地区１９９７年孕产妇死亡资料进行回顾性分析并与１９８１～１９８７年资料进行对比。结果：产后出血是直接产科致死原因的首位原因。结论：加强围产保健是降低孕产妇死亡的重要手段。     

Tissue distribution and macromolecular interactions of 14[C-ring] melphalan in the rat

Summary The kinetics of uptake and elimination, covalent binding, and macromolecular interactions of ¹⁴[C-ring] melphalan was studied after a single oral dose (20 mg/kg, 0.1 mCi/kg) in normal rats. Peak radioactivity level in tissues was observed at 2–4 h after administration. Uptake of label in most tissues was rapid, with a t_1/2 of less than 1 h. Elimination was biphasic. Tissues of the gastrointestinal tract showed the most rapid rates of elimination, with t_1/2 of 13, 24, 18, and 19 h for stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestines, respectively. Bone marrow also showed a fast rate of elimination of radioactivity, with a t_1/2 of 30 h. Tissues with the slowest rates of elimination were skin, eye, spleen, pancreas, and lung, with t_1/2 of 333, 241, 149, 122, and 109 h, respectively. Covalent binding studies showed that melphalan, or its metabolites, bound irreversibly to all tissue macromolecular fractions. The percentage of covalently bound radioactivity increased with time in all tissues except kidney and eye, reaching up to 70%–80% of the total radioactivity remaining at 72 h. Elimination of covalently bound radioactivity was slower in the DNA fractions of the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and heart compared with the elimination rate from lipid, protein, or RNA fractions. Slow elimination rates of ¹⁴[C-ring] melphalan equivalents from the protein fraction were observed in the skin, eye, and brain. Accumulation, rather than elimination, of radioactivity in this fraction was most prominent in the pancreas. In the bone marrow accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the lipid fraction.Abbreviations used in this paper are L-Pam Melphalan, l-phenylalanine mustard 4-bis (2-chloroethyl) amino-1-phenylalanine - l-DOH 4-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino-1-phenylalanine - l-MOH 4-2 hydroxyethyl 2 chloroethyl amino-1-phenylalanine - HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography - TCA trichloroacetic acid - AUC area under the curve - GIT gastrointestinal tract     

高压氧对人重组骨形成蛋白诱导骨形成的影响

目的：探讨高压氧疗法(HBOT)对人重组骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)诱导骨形成的活性的影响。方法：I型胶原作为rhBMP-2的载体，将1mg的rhBMP-2植入Wistar鼠小腿的肌袋内，30只鼠被随机分成HBO组和对照组。在材料植入3，7，21d时对新骨形成分别进行X线、生化分析及组织学检查。结果：21d时两组中均有新骨形成，但HBO组新骨形成明显高于对照组。7d时在HBO组植入材料的周边有软骨组织出现；同时，在7d和21d时HBO组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和钙(Ca)含量明显高于对照组。结论：HBO加快了人重组骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)诱导骨形成的活性和速度。     

Snoreguard矫治器治疗阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征疗效分析

目的 :探讨 Snoreguard矫治器对阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征 ( OSAS)患者气道、睡眠结构的影响。方法 :选择 2 6岁～ 5 9岁患有 OSAS的患者 8例 ,在睡眠时分别配戴 Snoreguard矫治器 ,同时结合应用头颅侧位片、夜间多导睡眠图监测来测定分析配戴 Snoreguard矫治器的测量指标 ,进行统计分析。结果 :配戴 Snoreguard矫治器后 ,8例患者的AI值、平均呼吸暂停时间、AHI值均有显著性的降低 ( P<0 .0 1) ,Sa O2 显著增加 ( P<0 .0 1) ,HI值降低显著 ( P<0 .0 5 )。鼾声指数大幅度减轻甚至消失 ( P<0 .0 1)。配戴矫治器后下颌在水平向和垂直向的位移平均为 2 .0 3 mm和 8.74m m,IAS无显著变化 ,MAS变化明显 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,最显著性改变的是上气道后间隙 ( SPAS) ( P<0 .0 1) ,SPL 减少 3 .64m m。结论 :Snoreguard矫治器是通过将下颌限制在一个前伸位 ,从而改变口咽部的结构影响上气道大小来达到治疗效果     

RP-HPLC测定犬血浆中卡托普利

目的　采用反相高效液相色谱法测定犬血浆中卡托普利浓度。方法　以对溴苯乙酰基溴为衍生剂 ,血浆样品经衍生反应后 ,用乙酸乙酯 -苯 (1∶1)提取 ,以ODSC18为固定相 ,乙腈∶水∶冰醋酸 (4 5∶5 5∶0 2 )为流动相 ,UV2 5 8nm紫外检测。结果　在 2 5～ 6 0 0 μg·L-1浓度范围线性良好 ,最小检测浓度为 12 5 μg·L-1。其日内差及日间差RSD分别小于 4 95 %和 2 88% ,相对回收率大于 94 8%。结论　方法简便灵敏 ,为卡托普利样品分析及临床药物监测提供了检测方法。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉围手术前期处理对术中出血影响的观察

OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of reducing bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp. METHODS: Bleeding during surgery and the effective rate of two groups patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp were compared (68 cases in group A with preoperative treatment, 30 cases in group B without preoperative treatment). RESULTS: The effective rate between group A(91.2%) and group B (80%) is of significant difference (F = 8.617, P = 0.026); The volume of bleeding during surgery between group A that is (53.2 +/- 41.8) ml and group B that is (97.2 +/- 59.0) ml is of significant difference (F = 27.946, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Controlling the inflammatory reaction of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp by preoperative treatment is the most important factor to reduce bleeding while undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. However, the followings are also important factors to reduce bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery, such as adequate use of vasoconstrictor in the middle nasal meatus during surgery, the use of deliberate hypotension during surgery, controlling the high risk factors by preoperative treatment and reducing trauma during surgery, etc.     

离子强度对丙基甲基纤维素骨架片释药的影响

目的：探讨溶出介质的离子强度对难溶性药物的丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）骨架片释药的影响。方法：以甲氧苄胺嘧啶、卡马西平、磺胺甲恶唑和茶碱4种难溶性药物为模型药物，测定5种不同离子强度介质（水、0．20％氯化钠溶液、0．50％氯化钠溶液、0．90％氯化钠溶液和1．80％氯化钠溶液）下的药物释放度和溶出参数。结果：难溶性药物的HPMC骨架片释药随着其溶出介质离子强度的增加而减慢。结论：释药速率与离子强度之间存在较好的线性负相关关系。     

高效液相色谱法测定右旋噻吗洛尔及其对映体含量

目的 :建立右旋噻吗洛尔含量测定、有关物质检查及对映体纯度检查方法。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法 ,以DiamonsilTM C18柱测定噻吗洛尔含量及有关物质 ;以CyclobondI 2 0 0 0 TM 柱检查右旋噻吗洛尔对映体纯度。结果 :噻吗洛尔与其中间体及降解产物之间分离良好 ;噻吗洛尔在 0～ 5 0 0mg·L- 1浓度范围内符合线性关系 ,日内、日间测定的相对标准偏差均小于 0 .6 % ;右旋噻吗洛尔与其左旋对映体可完全分离 (Rs>2 .4 )。结论 :建立的方法快速简便、准确可靠 ,可以用于右旋噻吗洛尔的质量控制     

内镜鼻窦手术后局部应用Merogel对促进术腔黏膜上皮化的临床效果观察

目的　观察使用美国Xomed公司生产的Merogel(透明质酸 )作为内镜鼻窦手术后的术腔填塞物对促进术腔上皮化的作用。方法　对 16例 (32侧 )经鼻内镜全鼻窦开放术患者进行同体对照观察 ,左侧为Merogel观察组 ,右侧为空白对照组 ,连续内镜随访 12周 ,观察双侧术腔上皮化过程。结果　Merogel侧治愈 93 75 % ,好转 6 2 5 % ,平均上皮化时间 3 4周 ;对照侧治愈 87 5 0 % ,好转12 5 0 % ,平均上皮化时间 8 3周。表明使用Merogel侧术腔上皮化时间比对照组明显缩短。结论　内镜鼻窦手术后局部使用Merogel ,可以促进术腔上皮化过程