经横突-椎弓根单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折

目的:探讨经横突-椎弓根单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法:2009年1月～2011年3月,共对26例胸腰椎OVCF患者经横突-椎弓根单侧穿刺行PKP治疗,其中男9例,女17例;年龄56～78岁,平均66岁。共有伤椎35个。术前疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)为7.96±0.95分,后凸Cobb角为18.42°±5.98°,骨折椎体前缘高度为19.08±2.28mm,中部高度为17.02±1.72mm。术后2d及末次随访时行VAS评分,并摄X线片测量后凸Cobb角和伤椎前、中柱高度,评价患者临床疗效。结果:患者均顺利完成PKP手术,手术时间15～75min,平均34min;每个椎体注入骨水泥3～6ml,平均4.8ml。未出现神经损伤、骨水泥椎管内渗漏等并发症,伤椎内骨水泥分布良好。23例患者获得随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均29个月。术后2d及末次随访时的VAS评分分别为2.42±0.39分和2.01±0.37分,Cobb角分别为7.77°±0.77°、8.71°±0.81°;伤椎前缘高度分别为22.00±1.73mm、21.28±1.24mm,中部高度分别为20.80±0.75mm、19.64±1.12mm,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后2d与末次随访时比较VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Cobb角、伤椎体前缘和中部高度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经横突-椎弓根单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术是治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的一种有效方法。     

Safe Criteria for Less Radical Trachelectomy in Patients with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Multicenter Clinicopathologic Study

Background

To determine the safe criteria for less radical trachelectomy to treat patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods

We reviewed medical records and pathologic slides of 65 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA?CIB1 cervical cancer. The safe criteria for less radical trachelectomy were determined by using three factors such as tumor size ??1?cm, stromal invasion ??5?mm, and no lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) for minimizing parametrial involvement, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and the need of adjuvant radiotherapy. The diagnostic values were investigated by calculating specificity, negative predictive value for no parametrial involvement, no LNM, and no need of adjuvant radiotherapy.

Results

The median age was 32?years (range 22?C44?years), and the median duration of follow-up was 26?months (range 2?C103?months). Among seven single or combined factors for the safe criteria, (1) tumor size ??1?cm, (2) tumor size ??1?cm and stromal invasion ??5?mm, (3) tumor size ??1?cm and no LVSI, (4) tumor size ??1?cm, stromal invasion ??5?mm, and no LVSI did not show parametrial involvement, LNM, and the need of adjuvant radiotherapy. In particular, tumor size ??1?cm showed the highest specificity (28.1?C29.5%) and negative predictive value (100%). In spite of no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between tumor size ??1?cm and >1?cm (P?=?0.22), tumor size ??1?cm showed better PFS without disease recurrence than tumor size >1?cm (2-year PFS, 100% vs. 90%).

Conclusions

Less radical trachelectomy may be safe in patients with early-stage cervical cancer who have tumor size ??1?cm.     

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to promote bone healing

An overall decline in the availability of osteogenic precursor cells and growth factors in the bone marrow microenvironment have been associated with impaired bone formation and osteopenia in humans. The objective of the current study was to determine if transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a healthy, young donor mouse into an osteopenic recipient mouse could enhance osseointegration of a femoral implant. MSC harvested from normal young adult mice differentiated into bone forming osteoblasts when cultured on implant grade titanium surfaces ex vivo and promoted bone formation around titanium-coated rods implanted in the femoral canal of osteopenic recipient mice. Micro computed tomographic imaging and histological analyses showed more, better quality, bone in the femur that received the MSC transplant compared with the contra-lateral control femur that received carrier alone. These results provide pre-clinical evidence that MSC transplantation promotes peri-implant bone regeneration and suggest the approach could be used in a clinical setting to enhance bone regeneration and healing in patients with poor quality bone.     

滑车上动脉的影像学研究及在鼻再造术中的应用

目的通过颈内、外动脉造影对滑车上动脉分支血管进行影像学研究,并设计改良额部皮瓣行鼻再造术。方法选用30例成人颈内、外动脉造影资料进行血管三维成像,对滑车上动脉分支(肌支和皮支)进行研究,探讨滑车上动脉分支走行、层次以及与眶上动脉的交通情况。根据影像学检测结果临床应用滑车上动脉分支设计额部皮瓣对11例鼻缺损患者行鼻再造术。其中男7例,女4例;年龄15～48岁,平均23岁。鼻缺损范围3.0 cm×2.5 cm～5.0 cm×3.5 cm。结果颈内动脉造影和三维成像显示,30例滑车上动脉恒定出现,直径(0.9±0.6)mm;其中浅层皮支恒定出现,直径(0.7±0.3)mm;深层肌支4例缺失,直径(0.5±0.5)mm,走行于额肌间,长(32.0±6.2)mm,分支间互有交通并与眶上动脉亦有吻合。临床应用皮瓣均成活,无软骨外露,外形良好。术后经4个月～3年随访,鼻尖、鼻翼及鼻小柱外形接近正常,鼻高度和坡度适中,再造鼻质地弹性良好,鼻孔无狭窄,通气功能正常。结论影像学检测结果佐证了滑车上动脉存在恒定皮支,以其分支为血管蒂设计的额部皮瓣提高了鼻再造疗效。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿的护理

目的总结A型肉毒毒素治疗94例痉挛型脑瘫患儿的护理方法。方法在A型肉毒毒素治疗中实施相应的护理措施:注射前做好宣教、患儿的准备及药物的配制工作;注射中熟练配合医生,对患儿予以心理护理;注射后观察患儿反应,指导患儿在药效持续期继续康复训练。结果患儿均顺利完成A型肉毒毒素注射治疗,56例痉挛明显缓解,38例痉挛部分缓解,取得了预期治疗效果。结论积极有效的护理配合,保证肉毒毒素治疗顺利完成对促进脑瘫患儿的康复起着重要作用。     

危重患者肠内营养安全实施流程的构建

目的探索危重患者肠内营养安全实施流程,确保肠内营养实施的安全性和有效性。方法在分析现有临床工作及查阅相关文献的基础上,初步拟订危重患者肠内营养安全实施流程;应用Delphi专家咨询法,对10名专家进行2轮问卷咨询。结果经2轮专家咨询,构建了包括10个项目、36个子项目的流程,专家的积极系数分别为100%和88.9%,权威系数为0.81,子项目的协调系数为0.305。结论应用Delphi法所构建的危重患者肠内营养安全实施流程的条目专家意见集中,研究结果可信度高,对肠内营养的实施提供了客观依据。     

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia treated with a combination of Ilizarov��s technique and intramedullary rodding: 15 cases followed for mean 4.5 years

Background and purpose

Ilizarov’s technique and intramedullary rodding have often been used individually in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. In this series, we attempted to combine the advantages of both methods while minimizing the complications.

Methods

We reviewed 15 cases of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) who were treated with a combination of Ilizarov’s apparatus and antegrade intramedullary nailing between 2003 and 2008. The mean age at surgery was 7.5 (3–12) years and the mean limb length discrepancy was 2.5 (1.5–5) cm. At a mean follow-up time of 4.5 (1.6–7.2) years after the index surgery, the patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically for ankle function (AOFAS score) and for malalignment, signs of union, limb length discrepancy, and complications.

Results

14 patients achieved union, in 6 patients primary union and in 8 patients after secondary procedures. The AOFAS score improved from a preoperative mean of 40 (20–57) to 64 (47–75). The main complication was refracture in 1 patient, and non-union in 1 patient.

Interpretation

The combination of the Ilizarov technique and conventional antegrade intramedullary nailing was successful in achieving union with few complications, though this should be shown in long-term studies lasting until skeletal maturity.Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT), also called congenital tibial dysplasia, is difficult to treat with a substantial risk of non-union, refractures, leg length discrepancy (LLD), and malalignment of the tibia and the ankle (Plawecki et al. 1990, Paley et al. 1992). Treatment procedures can be broadly classified into 3 groups: (1) Intramedullary rodding (usually trans-ankle) with bone grafting (Johnston 2002, Dobbs et al. 2004), (2) microvascular fibular transfer (Ohnishi et al. 2005), and (3) the Ilizarov technique with its various modifications (Paley et al. 1992, Boero et al. 1997, Johnston and Birch 2008). However, no single treatment has been shown to be uniformly effective.Intramedullary rodding, usually retrograde through the calcaneum to the tibia, has been used relatively widely with success in achieving union and protection against refracture (Johnston 2002, Shah et al. 2011). However, concerns still exist about ankle stiffness and arthritic changes in the ankle following the nailing (Dobbs et al. 2005). On the other hand, various series using the Ilizarov technique have shown high union rates with good ankle function (Paley et al. 1992, Boero et al. 1997). However, there is a risk of refracture with this technique. We therefore wanted to make use of the advantages of both techniques. We have found only 1 report on this combined method (Mathieu et al. 2008) involving 10 cases.We report the clinico-radiographical outcomes of 15 patients with CPT who were treated with a combination of the Ilizarov technique and intramedullary rodding.     

Scarf截骨治疗躅外翻的短期疗效分析

背景：拇外翻为足踝外科常见病、多发病,目前以各种手术治疗为主,术后效果及复发率有较大差异。目的：探讨Scarf截骨联合其他手术方式治疗中、重度拇外翻的短期疗效。方法：2008年7月至2010年6月,采用Scarf截骨治疗中、重度坶外翻患者33例（41足）,男4例（4足）,女29例（37足）;年龄24-69岁,平均51．7岁。在Scarf截骨的基础上部分患者联合第一跖趾关节骨赘切除、软组织松解及拇趾近节趾骨Akin截骨等手术方式。采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopedic FootandAnkle Society,AOFAS）Maryland拇跖趾关节评分系统进行疗效评估。随访时摄足负重位X线片并测量拇外翻角（halluxvalgusangle,HVA）和第一、二跖骨间角（intermetatarsalangle．IMA）。结果：所有患者均获随访,时间12-36个月,平均20．4个月。HVA由术前32．78。矫正至10．18°,IMA由术前11．57。矫正至6．26。。Maryland拇跖趾关节评分：90-100分28足（68．3％）,80-89分11足（26．8％）,70-79分2足（4．9％）,优良率为95．1％（39／41）。结论：Scarf截骨术具有较好的自身稳定性,纠正畸形能力强,愈合快,坚固的内固定可使患者早期下地活动,并发症相对较少,联合其他手术方式是治疗中、重度拇外翻的理想方法。     

TGF-β3修饰退变髓核细胞移植修复兔退变椎间盘的效果观察

目的探讨TGF-β3基因修饰后退变髓核细胞生物学效应以及植入兔退变椎间盘后对退变椎间盘的影响。方法将重组腺病毒载体Ad-TGF-β3与第2代退变髓核细胞按10∶1比例混合培养转染(Ad-TGF-β3组),待细胞融合后传代,MTT检测转染细胞增殖活性,Western blot检测TGF-β3蛋白含量,免疫细胞化学染色观察对数生长期转染细胞Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性率;采用病毒空载体转染髓核细胞(Adv组)和未经转染髓核细胞(空白组)作为对照。取30只新西兰兔,体重3.2～3.5 kg,雌雄不限,通过针刺L3、4、L4、5和L5、6椎间盘制备椎间盘退变模型。将实验动物按照随机数字法分为3组,转染细胞组(A组,n=12)、退变细胞组(B组,n=12)和空白对照组(C组,n=6)。A、B组将100μL浓度为1×105个/mL对应细胞悬液注射入退变椎间盘,C组同法注入等量PBS。注射后6、10、14周取A、B组各4只、C组2只实验动物处死,取L3、4、L4、5和L5、6椎间盘行组织学观察,RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖mRNA表达。结果 Ad-TGF-β3转染后髓核细胞活性明显改善;转染后3、7、14 d,TGF-β3在髓核细胞内表达逐渐升高;Ad-TGF-β3组髓核细胞细胞质内见棕黄色Ⅱ型胶原阳性染色,阳性率显著高于Adv组及空白组(P<0.05)。组织学观察示,A组椎间盘退变程度较B、C组明显减轻。6、10、14周A组Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖mRNA表达显著高于B、C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β3基因修饰退变髓核细胞后可明显改善细胞生物活性,转染后髓核细胞植入兔体内可明显增加退变椎间盘的基质分泌。     

A composite urine biomarker reflects interstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis kidney biopsies

The initial treatment of lupus nephritis is usually based on a renal biopsy. Subsequent disease flares, however, are often treated without the benefit of kidney pathology because repeat biopsies are infrequent. A noninvasive, real-time method to assess renal pathology would be useful to adjust treatment and improve outcome. To develop such a method we collected urine samples at or close to the time of 64 biopsies from 61 patients with lupus nephritis to identify potential biomarkers of tubulointerstitial inflammation and correlated these to biopsy parameters scored by a renal pathologist using a semiquantitative scale. Linear discriminant analysis was used to weight variables and derive composite biomarkers that identified the level of tubulointerstitial inflammation based on urine concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, hepcidin (a marker of active lupus), and liver fatty acid-binding protein. The discriminant function that described the most accurate composite biomarkers included urine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and serum creatinine as the independent variables. This composite had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100, 81, 67, and 100%, respectively. Only 14% of the biopsies were misclassified. Thus, specific renal pathologic lesions can be modeled by composite biomarkers to noninvasively follow and adjust the treatment of lupus nephritis reflecting renal injury.