ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION METHOD FOR LARGE COLORECTAL TUMORS

The goal of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is to allow the endoscopist to obtain tissue or resect lesions not previously amenable to standard biopsy or excisional techniques and to remove malignant lesions without open surgery. In this article, we describe the results of conventional EMR and EMR using an insulation‐tipped (IT) electrosurgical knife (submucosal dissection method) for large colorectal mucosal neoplasms and discuss the problems and future prospects of these procedures. At present, conventional EMR is much more feasible than EMR using IT‐knife from the perspectives of time, money, complication, and organ preservation. However, larger lesions tend to be resected in a piecemeal fashion; and it is difficult to confirm whether EMR has been complete. For accurate histopathological assessment of the resected specimen en bloc EMR is desirable although further experience is needed to establish its safety and efficacy. Further improvements of in EMR with special knife techniques are required to simply and safely remove large colorectal neoplasms.     

甘露醇和低温对兔骨骼肌缺血再灌流损伤的保护作用

通过兔后肢缺血模型，观察了甘露醇和低温对骨骼肌缺血再灌流损伤的保护作用。结果：甘露醇和低温可以不同程度地降低再灌流后患肢静脉回流血中细胞内酶（ＣＰＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＳＴ）的活性和脂质过氧化反应终末代谢产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量，减轻骨骼肌细胞超微结构的破坏。两者单独应用效果不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），联合应用效果非常明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示自由基介导的脂质过氧化反应参与骨骼肌缺血再灌流损伤，甘露醇和低温对其具有协同保护作用。     

根据桂枝汤的效应消除半衰期和表观消除半衰期制订给药方案的探讨

为探讨药效法估测的效应消除半衰期和效量法估测的表观半衰期对合理制订给药方案的意义和作用,以桂枝汤解热和抗炎的药物动力学实验中所得的相应参数值设计了给药方案,观察了它们在提高药效上的作用。结果表明在给药总剂量相等、首次给药同时开始的情况下,以半衰期设计的给药方案组的药效均明显高于习惯的一次给药组;而以效应消除半衰期设计给药方案组药效增强率又高于以表观半衰期设计的方案组。提示效应消除半衰期比表观半衰期似更有实践意义。     

Managemental influences on the selective proliferation of two strains of haemolytic Escherichia coli in weaned pigs

In an experimental study on a piggery it was found that haemolytic Escherichia coli of O-serotypes 138 or 139 proliferated in the intestinal tracts of pigs following weaning, with E. coli of the O-138 type also being occasionally recovered from unweaned pigs, and once from a sow. Organisms of the O-138 type produced heat labile enterotoxin and their presence in weaned pigs was associated with the development of severe post-weaning diarrhoea. E. coli of O-139 type produced a vero cell cytotoxin and were associated with a milder diarrhoea in weaned pigs. Under various managemental circumstances the O-138 type E. coli almost invariably proliferated after weaning. The O-139 strain of E. coli did however proliferate rather than the O-138 strain following the movement of weaned pigs to new accommodation, after weaned pigs were returned to their sow and then weaning again 5 days later, and very occasionally in pigs weaned at 5 weeks of age. In all these cases earlier proliferation of the O-138 E. coli had been detected, suggesting that this may be a prerequisite for proliferation of the O-139 strain.     

Ischemia and reperfusion reduce the endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor in rat skeletal muscles: an immunohistochemical study.

Polyclonal antibodies directed against human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor were used in immunohistochemical studies to localize this growth factor in normal and wounded rat skeletal muscles. According to the intensity of the stain, three main classes of fibers could be identified: the strongly, moderately, and weakly stained fibers. Basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity was found mainly in the extracellular matrix, primarily in the endomysium, which includes the heparin-containing basal lamina, and also in the capillary basal membrane of both normal and wounded muscles; however, the signal intensity was much stronger in normal muscles. The distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor in wounded muscles became markedly heterogeneous and sparse. After 4 hours of ischemia, about 40% of skeletal muscle fibers lost their basic fibroblast growth factor immuno-reactivity. Muscles which underwent 4 hours of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion had only a diminished basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity. The pathologic results supported the concept of destroyed cell connection and fiber necrosis in ischemic and reperfused muscles. Potential mechanisms involved in this reduced concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor in wounded muscles may include oxygen free radical activation, a generalized effect of the inflammatory response, and reduced secretion of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor. These results are only partially compatible with the established mitogenic role of this growth factor and suggest that a reduction of endogenous fibroblast growth factor may partly contribute to a delay in wound healing.     

Differential effects of galactose-induced cataractogenesis on the soluble crystallins of rat lens

Soluble lens crystallins from 6-10-week-old, galactose-fed, male Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at each of the five Sippel stages of cataractogenesis. Electrophoretograms were compared with similarly analyzed crystallins from comparably aged, chow-fed controls. Polypeptides were assigned to crystallin families and subfamilies on the basis of chromatographic fractionations with Sephadex G-200, superfine. Staining intensities of polypeptides from control lenses remained essentially unchanged throughout the experimental period, while those of the polypeptides from cataractous lenses showed non-uniform changes. Staining of the genomic gamma-crystallins increases up to at least stage 3; by stage 4, staining of gamma-chains, with perhaps those of gamma 5 and gamma 6 excepted, diminishes and in the total cataract, staining of all chains is further reduced. With possibly the addition of one chain, the total number of postsynthetically modified gamma-crystallins in cataractous lenses does not exceed that in the comparably aged normal lens. The genomic alpha- and beta-crystallin polypeptides are sustained close to normal levels up to stages 3 or 2, respectively, after which their gradually falling levels are accompanied by the generation of new species or elevated levels of existing post-translational species. An exception to this behavior is the rapid and total loss of beta B1a, a genomic subunit implicated in the aggregation of beta H-crystallins. Charge heterogeneity and variable pI displayed by beta B1a and other highly cationic beta- and gamma-crystallin polypeptides can be induced during isoelectric focusing and may be due to thiol group oxidation.     

人精液中ABH血型物质分泌强度的研究

本文采用中和试验、沉降反应和解离试验对１３５例已知血型人精液中ＡＢＨ血型物质的分泌强度进行了检验，并将其分为强、中、弱三型。这对区别个人血型物质含量及性犯罪的法医学鉴定均有重要意义。并证明了ＡＢ型人精液中Ａ、Ｂ血型物质含量不均等现象，并且绝大多数人Ｂ型物质高于Ａ型物质。     

急性视神经炎47例临床分析

分析了1984～1993年期间47例经治的急性视神经炎患者。治疗应用地塞米松10mg、青霉素480万u静脉点滴7天，随后减量。结果治愈35例（74．47％），好转6例（12．76％），无效2例（4．26％），转院及自动出院各2例。47例中11例治疗效果不好者行筛窦开放术后，视力逐渐恢复正常，显示筛窦开放术有其临床实用价值。     

改良V-W成形矫正内眦赘皮

目的寻求一种简单有效的内眦赘皮矫治方法.方法采用改良V-W成形,即赘皮皮肤的V-W推进改形,加上新内眦点与鼻根外侧的筋膜或骨膜固定、松解皮下粘连、修整错构的眼轮匝肌等,全面治疗内眦赘皮.大部分病例与重睑术同期进行.结果1999年至今矫治明显的内眦赘皮67例,术后效果满意.术后1个月有5例出现内眦部切口增生发红,3-4月逐渐软化消退.所有病例随访1个月到1年,均获得满意疗效.结论改良V-W成形手术切口设计简单明了,术后内眦形态良好,不易复发,瘢痕不显,是矫正内眦赘皮较理想的方法.