微创经皮肾镜取石术中X线或B超引导穿刺目标肾盏治疗上尿路结石的疗效比较

目的 比较微创经皮肾镜取石术中,用X线或B超引导穿刺目标肾盏治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2010年10月-2012年10月,昆明医科大学第二附属医院泌尿外科住院行微创经皮肾镜取石术的患者,抽取116例作为研究对象,失访8例.X线定位48例,B超定位53例,就两种不同定位方式的术前、术中、术后的一些临床客观指标进行比较.结果 X线定位48例,年龄6 ～65(44.86±12.84)岁;结石直径(1.43±0.70) cm;结石位于上盏1例、中盏23例、下盏8例、输尿管上段16例.B超定位53例,年龄15 ～76(46.36±14.29)岁;结石直径(1.34±0.62)cm;结石位于上盏2例、中盏24例、下盏8例、输尿管上段16例,充满全部肾盏3例.比较两组术前一般资料,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).X线组,手术时间(130.43±31.63) min;术中出血量(80.42±43.75) mL;术后住院时间(6.20±2.08)d;术后并发感染8例(17％),出血2例(4％);一期结石取尽率90％ (43/47).B超组,手术时间(102.45±36.32) min;术中出血量(160.07 ±52.33) mL;术后住院时间(5.62±2.37)d;术后并发感染16例(30％),出血9例(17％);一期结石取尽率83％(46/53).通过比较,X线组与B超组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后感染率、一期结石取尽率有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而术后住院时间无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 微创经皮肾镜取石术中,X线定位与B超比较,X线比B超手术时间长,术中出血量少,一期结石取尽率高,术后感染率低.     

完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术70例报道

目的研究完全腹腔镜远端胃切除术(TLDG)的可行性、有效性、安全性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年1月行TLDG 70例与腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术(LADG)68例患者的临床资料,手术均由同一组术者实施。应用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、平均淋巴结清扫数目、首次通气时间、平均住院时间、止痛剂使用量采用t检验;中转开腹率、并发症发生率采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果手术均顺利完成。TLDG组与LADG组相比,平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、平均淋巴结清扫数目、中转开腹率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TLDG组与LADG组比较:术后首次通气时间(2.4±1.3)d比(3.5±1.6)d,术后平均住院时间(10.7±2.5)d比(12.5±2.3)d,术后止痛剂使用量(1.8±0.9)支比(3.5±0.6)支,TLDG组均少于LADG组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.438、4.398、13.017,P<0.01)。术后并发症发生率(7.1%比5.9%)两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均无手术死亡病例发生,随访时间1~12个月(平均随访时间8.7个月),无肿瘤复发或转移。结论相较于LADG组,TLDG在达到胃癌D2根治临床效果的同时,还使患者术后通气时间早,住院时间缩短,术后疼痛轻,可作为胃癌患者一种理想的手术方法。     

353例小儿肾小球疾病的病理及临床分布特点

目的：了解小儿肾小球疾病病理与临床分布特点。方法收集353例肾活检患儿资料进行回顾性分析。结果353例患儿中诊断为紫癜性肾炎117例（33.1%）,孤立性血尿94例（26.6%）,原发性肾病综合征87例（24.6%）,急性肾炎综合征23例（6.5%）,其次还有乙肝相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、孤立性蛋白尿、慢性肾炎等。肾小球疾病中以原发性肾小球疾病最为常见（206例,占58.4%）,病理改变主要为：系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）66例,占32.0%;IgA 肾病（IgA N）54例,占26.2%;轻微病变37例,占18.0%;其他还包括微小病变（MCD）、膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MPGN）、膜性肾病（MN）、毛细血管增生性肾小球肾炎等。继发性肾小球疾病以紫癜性肾炎最常见。结论肾小球疾病以原发性肾小球疾病为主,临床诊断以孤立性血尿最常见,继发性肾炎以紫癜性肾炎最常见。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿83例诊治分析

目的:探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治。方法:分析2001年1月至2010年8月,我院83例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者临床资料。结果:腹痛是其主要的临床表现(86.75%),其次为黄疸(56.63%)和发热(42.17%)。B超、CT和MRCP的诊断率分别为85.54%,92.86%和94.67%。83例患者中,72例接受手术治疗,术后随访51例(70.83%),中位随访时间38月(3月~100月)。患者术后恢复良好。5例随访的行胆管癌根治术患者中位生存时间为21月,4例行姑息手术治疗的患者中位生存时间为6月。结论:成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治应重视临床表现,MRCP有助于诊治。一旦确诊应早期手术治疗,以防癌变。囊肿切除和肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术应作为首选术式。     

Long-term Efficacy of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A 5-year Follow-up Study in China

Background:

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is effective against advanced Parkinson''s disease (PD), allowing dramatic improvement of Parkinsonism, in addition to a significant reduction in medication. Here we aimed to investigate the long-term effect of STN DBS in Chinese PD patients, which has not been thoroughly studied in China.

Methods:

Ten PD patients were assessed before DBS and followed up 1, 3, and 5 years later using Unified Parkinson''s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III), Parkinson''s Disease Questionnatire-39, Parkinson''s Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version, Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Stimulation parameters and drug dosages were recorded at each follow-up. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA for repeated measures.

Results:

In the “off” state (off medication), DBS improved UPDRS III scores by 35.87% in 5 years, compared with preoperative baseline (P < 0.001). In the “on” state (on medication), motor scores at 5 years were similar to the results of preoperative levodopa challenge test. The quality of life is improved by 58.18% (P < 0.001) from baseline to 3 years and gradually declined afterward. Sleep, cognition, and emotion were mostly unchanged. Levodopa equivalent daily dose was reduced from 660.4 ± 210.1 mg at baseline to 310.6 ± 158.4 mg at 5 years (by 52.96%, P < 0.001). The average pulse width, frequency and amplitude at 5 years were 75.0 ± 18.21 μs, 138.5 ± 19.34 Hz, and 2.68 ± 0.43 V, respectively.

Conclusions:

STN DBS is an effective intervention for PD, although associated with a slightly diminished efficacy after 5 years. Compared with other studies, patients in our study required lower voltage and medication for satisfactory symptom control.     

Relative Bioavailability of Rifampicin in Four Chinese Fixed-dose Combinations Compared with Rifampicin in Free Combinations

Background:

Decreases in the bioavailability of rifampicin (RFP) can lead to the development of drug resistance and treatment failure. Therefore, we investigated the relative bioavailability of RFP from one four-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC; formulation A) and three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C, and D) used in China, compared with RFP in free combinations of these drugs (reference), in healthy volunteers.

Methods:

Eighteen and twenty healthy Chinese male volunteers participated in two open-label, randomized two-period crossover (formulations A and C) or one three-period crossover (formulations B and D) study, respectively. The washout period between treatments was 7 days. Bioequivalence was assessed based on 90% confidence intervals, according to two one-sided t-tests. All analyses were done with DAS 3.1.5 (Mathematical Pharmacology Professional Committee of China, Shanghai, China).

Results:

Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values of RFP obtained for formulations A, B, C, and D products were 11.42 ± 3.41 μg/ml, 7.86 ± 5.78 μg/ml, 13.05 ± 6.80 μg/ml, and 16.18 ± 3.87 μg/ml, respectively, for peak plasma concentration (C_max), 91.43 ± 30.82 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 55.49 ± 37.58 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 96.50 ± 47.24 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 101.47 ± 33.07 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, respectively, for area under the concentration-time curve (AUC_{0−24 h}).

Conclusions:

Although the concentrations of RFP for formulations A, C, and D were within the reported acceptable therapeutic range, only formulation A was bioequivalent to the reference product. The three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C and D) displayed inferior RFP bioavailability compared with the reference (Chinese Clinical Trials registration number: ChiCTR-TTRCC-12002451).     

Effect of Intravenous Administration of Liposomal Prostaglandin E1 on Microcirculation in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention

Background:

Several studies have demonstrated that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can result in reperfusion injury. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of liposomal prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-PGE1, Alprostadil, Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for enhancing microcirculation in reperfusion injury. In addition, this study determined the optimal administration method for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI.

Methods:

Totally, 68 patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to two groups: intravenous administration of Lipo-PGE1 (Group A), and no Lipo-PGE1 administration (Group B). The corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (cTFC) and myocardial blush grade (MBG) were calculated. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were also measured.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The cTFC parameter in Group A was significantly lower than Group B (18.06 ± 2.06 vs. 25.31 ± 2.59, P < 0.01). The ratio of final MBG grade-3 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Group A (87.9%) relative to Group B (65.7%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in final TIMI-3 flow and no-reflow. Patients were followed up for 6 months, and the occurrence of MACE in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (6.1% vs. 25.9% respectively, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Myocardial microcirculation of reperfusion injury in patients with STEMI, after primary PCI, can be improved by administering Lipo-PGE1.     

Fabrication and Evaluation of Porous Keratin/chitosan (KCS) Scaffolds for Effectively Accelerating Wound Healing*

ObjectiveTo develop a dressing with desired antibacterial activity, good water maintaining ability and mechanical properties for wound healing and skin regeneration. MethodsThe chitosan with different concentrations were added in keratin solution to form porous keratin/chitosan (KCS) scaffolds. The morphological characteristics, chemical composition, wettability, porosity, swelling ratio and degradation of the scaffolds were evaluated. The antibacterial activity was tested by usingS. aureusandE. colisuspension for 2 h. And L929 fibroblast cells culture was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the KCS scaffolds. ResultsThe adding of chitosan could increase the hydrophobicity, decrease porosity, swelling ratio and degradation rate of the KCS porous scaffolds.Mechanical properties of KCS scaffolds could be enhanced and well adjusted by chitosan. KCS scaffolds could obviously decrease bacteria number.The proliferation of fibroblast cells in porous KCS patch increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of chitosan concentration. It was appropriate to add 400 μg/mL chitosan to form porous KCS scaffold for achieving best cell attachment and proliferation compared with other samples. ConclusionThe porous KCS scaffold may be used as implanted scaffold materials forpromoting wound healing and skinregeneration.