Dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective study

A protective effect of calcium and/or dairy products on colorectal cancer has been reported in epidemiological studies but the findings are considered inconsistent. In particular, it is unclear whether they act at a particular step of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. To investigate the effect of dairy product consumption and dietary calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus intake on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the French E3N-EPIC prospective study. The population for the study of risk factors for adenomas was composed of 516 adenoma cases, including 175 high-risk adenomas, and of 4,804 polyp-free subjects confirmed by colonoscopy. The population for the colorectal cancer study was composed of 172 cases and 67,312 cancer-free subjects. Diet was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire completed at baseline. There was a trend of decreasing risk of both adenoma (ptrend=0.04) and cancer (ptrend=0.08) with increasing calcium intake, with RRs for adenoma and cancer of 0.80 (IC 95%=0.62-1.03) and 0.72 (95% CI=0.47-1.10), respectively, in the fourth quartile compared to the first. A protective effect of dairy products on adenoma (RRQ4 vs. Q1=0.80, 95% CI=0.62-1.05, ptrend=0.04) was observed and of milk consumption on colorectal cancer (RRQ4vs. Q1=0.54, 95% CI=0.33-0.89, ptrend=0.09), although the latter did not reach significance. Phosphorus intake also decreased the risk of adenoma (RRQ4 vs. Q1=0.70, 95% CI=0.54-0.90, ptrend=0.005). No vitamin D effect was identified. Our data support the hypothesis that calcium, dairy products and phosphorus exert a protective effect at certain steps of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.     

听神经瘤患者围手术期抑郁与焦虑状况的调查

目的 调查听神经瘤患者围手术期抑郁与焦虑的状况并分析其相关影响因素. 方法 选择自2010年6月至2011年6月在广西医科大学第一附属医院神经外科行开颅听神经瘤切除术的62例患者为研究对象,分别于术前1d、术后出院前1d应用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)和Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估患者的抑郁及焦虑状况,面神经功能分级采用House-Brackmann分级法评定,自制表格记录相关因素. 结果 术前13例(20.9％)存在抑郁焦虑状态,术后24例(38.7％)存在抑郁焦虑状态.术前住院时间长、合并有慢性疾病、中青年患者术前容易出现抑郁焦虑.患者的性别、年龄、面神经功能H-B分级影响其术后抑郁焦虑的发生率.不同职业、文化程度、经济状况、是否有听力下降和平衡功能障碍的患者抑郁焦虑发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 听神经瘤患者围手术期抑郁焦虑发生率高.女性、中青年、面神经功能障碍严重的患者可能为术后发生抑郁焦虑的高发病例,需要引起重视.     

Fatty acid-binding protein-4 as a biomarker predicting acromegaly-associated diabetes mellitus

Background/aimThe known pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) in acromegaly is mainly based on growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP-4), a novel adipokine, is found to induce insulin resistance and type 2 DM. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of FABP-4 on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly.Materials and methodsThis case-control study included 28 patients newly diagnosed with acromegaly and 57 healthy volunteers. The patients with acromegaly were classified according to their glycemic status as with DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory test results, and FABP-4 levels of the subjects were evaluated.ResultsAlthough no difference was observed in FABP-4 levels between acromegaly and control groups, the FABP-4 level was higher in the patients with acromegaly having DM compared to the patients with acromegaly having prediabetes and NGT, and the control group (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the FABP-4 is an independent predictor of DM in acromegaly (β = 7.382, OR = 38.96, 95% CI: 1.52-5.76, p = 0.018).Conclusion The FABP-4 may be a helpful predictor of acromegaly-associated DM.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中硫酸盐方法研究

目的:水质中硫酸盐的测定方法较多,但操作繁琐,不环保.利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)建立水中硫酸盐的测定方法,克服现有方法缺陷.方法:本文采用ICP-AES技术,建立的分析方法可直接测定水中硫酸盐,样品前处理简单,通过加盐酸加热即可去除硫化物干扰.结果:建立的方法测定结果与离子色谱法一致,标准物质测定结果在标示值范围内,相对标准偏差小于2.5%,方法检出限为0.10 ms/L.结论:建立的方法分析快速、灵敏、准确,对于水样中微量和常量硫酸盐的测定均可适用.     

Do eating habits differ according to alcohol consumption? Results of a study of the French cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (E3N-EPIC)

BACKGROUND: The potential of dietary habits to confound the association between alcohol consumption and health needs further study. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether eating habits differed according to alcohol consumption in a large cohort of French women. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study of the French cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (E3N-EPIC). The cohort was established in 1990 and includes 100000 women born between 1925 and 1950. Dietary data were obtained between 1993 and 1995 by using self-administered food-frequency questionnaires. About 73000 questionnaires were analyzed, and women were placed into 7 categories of alcohol consumption. RESULTS: After adjustment for energy derived from alcohol, increasing alcohol consumption was associated with a higher total energy intake, a higher percentage of energy intake as protein and lipids, and higher intakes of cholesterol, fatty acids, retinol, iron, and vitamin E. Conversely, energy provided by carbohydrates decreased with increasing alcohol consumption, as did beta-carotene intake. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with higher consumption of animal products, cheese, potatoes, oil, bread, and breakfast cereals and with lower consumption of vegetables and dairy products. CONCLUSION: In this population of middle-aged, highly educated French women, marked differences in dietary patterns and nutrient intakes were found according to alcohol consumption. Part of the detrimental effect of alcohol on health may be due to the less healthy dietary habits of drinkers. This points to a confounding role of eating habits and nutrient intakes in the relation between alcohol and health.     

不同注意偏移和言语材料对耳优势影响的初步分析

对５５名健康被试在：（１）无注意偏移，（２）注意右偏，（３）注意左偏等三种注意条件下进行了下述３项言语分听测验；１．分离语测验，２。数字测验，３．有鲜明形象意义词汇测验。分析了不同注意偏移和言语材料对耳优优势的影响，认为注意右偏可加强分听言语材料时的右耳优势，左偏可减弱右耳优势，不同言语材料获得耳优势的结果不同。     

Modulation of systolic and diastolic function by endothelin-1: relation to coronary flow

Different conclusions have been reached with regard to the effect of endothelin (ET-1) on cardiac contractility. We examined systolic and diastolic function in response to constant known concentrations of ET-1 with or without ET-1 induced reductions in coronary flow (CF). Rat hearts (n= 21) were buffer-perfused using constant coronary flow (cCF) or constant perfusion pressure (cPP). Left ventricular function was assessed isovolumically. Addition of ET-1 (10^-9 M) in the cCF group caused a gradual increase in PP from 61 ± 2 to 165±6mmHg (mean±SE) (P < 0.01). Within 10 min left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) increased from 111 ± 2 to a maximum of 134±4mmHg (P < 0.01) and [L\dP/dt] increased from 1640 ± 81 to a maximum of 2020 ± 92 mmHg s“¹ (P < 0.01). After 15 min left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), a measure of diastolic stiffness (DS), also increased. With ET-1 (10 ⁸ M), similar haemodynamic alterations appeared more rapidly. In the cPP group, ET-1 (10”⁹ M) caused a sharp decrease in CF and LVSP fell from 115 ± 8 to 62±12 mmHg at 10 min (P < 0.001). Systolic function remained stable at a reduced level for 1 h. DS did not change. Thus, ET-1 possesses positive inotropic effects and increases diastolic stiffness. Both effects may be masked by vasoconstriction-induced ischaemia.     

中药炮制研究的思路与方法——以地黄的炮制研究为例

中药炮制是中医药的特色和优势,也是最具我国自主知识产权的学科之一.中药炮制研究是连接中医学和中药学的桥梁,也是制约中药现代化的关键节点.目前大部分中药的炮制机制尚不明确,有待进行系统深入的研究.地黄炮制前后药性发生显著变化,临床应用也各不相同,其炮制过程中发生了复杂的化学变化.近年来,国内外专家对地黄炮制过程化学成分变化及其机制进行了深入研究,取得了系列研究成果,这些研究思路和方法为中药炮制研究提供了借鉴,也为中药炮制研究提供了重要示范.     

内外直肌后徙联合Y形分开术治疗Duane眼球后退综合征

目的探讨内外直肌后徙联合Y形分开术治疗Duane眼球后退综合征的新型手术方法和效果。方法对8例Duane眼球后退综合征患者行手术治疗。7例正向型Duane眼球后退综合征患者中,6例行内外直肌后徙联合Y形分开术,1例行外直肌后徙联合Y形分开术;1例反向性Duane眼球后退综合征患者行双眼内外直肌后徙联合双眼内直肌Y形分开术。术后随访1～12个月,观察患者的眼位、眼球运动及代偿头位变化情况。结果患者代偿头位、急速上转或下转消失;眼球后退及睑裂变小得到改善;术后6例眼位为正位,2例仍有残余斜视。结论内外直肌后徙联合Y形分开术可有效地治疗Duane眼球后退综合征,达到矫正斜视、改正头位、消除眼球后退的目的。（中华眼科杂志．2007。43：972-976）