Papillary adenoma of the prostatic urethra: Report of two cases

Papillary adenoma of the prostatic urethra is a rare cause of hematuria, hemospermia and lower urinary tract obstruction, especially in young adults. We report two cases of papillary adenoma and their endoscopic views. One of the patients had a lesion located on the verumontanum and presented with hematuria, hemospermia and symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. The other patient had papillary lesions located in the paramontanal gutter and presented with persistent painless hematuria. The origin of both lesions was proven to be prostatic epithelial differentiation using immunohistochemical identification of prostate-specific antigen. Papillary adenoma is believed to be benign, therefore, both lesions were carefully excised and fulgurated transurethrally.     

The response of red cell hexose monophosphate shunt after sulfhydryl inhibition

In this investigation, we studied the importance of cellular glutathione (GSH) in the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity of unstimulated human erythrocytes and the mechanism by which pyruvate stimulates the HMPS. The rate of HMPS activity was measured by the production of radioactive CO2 from 14C-1-glucose or 14C-1-ribose using a vibrating reed electrometer and ionization chamber. HMPS activity was not significantly impaired by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in concentrations which bound all red cell GSH. Red cells incubated under carbon monoxide (CO), an experimental condition which eliminates peroxide production, still had HMPS activity which was 44% of the value under air. Pyruvate stimulation of the HMPS was unaffected by doses of NEM which bound all cellular GSH or by incubation under CO. These data indicated that pyruvate stimulation of the HMPS occurs by pathways which do not involve peroxide formation, GSH, or oxygen. This study indicates that sulfhydryl blockade of GSH does not necessarily inhibit HMPS activity and that HMPS activity in red cells may respond to reactions not linked directly to glutathione reduction.     

经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术后脑脊液鼻漏的影响因素分析

目的通过对慢性鼻炎患者多因素分层研究,分析其下气道炎症特征和程度以及鼻、下气道、炎症相关危险因素的分布,探讨慢性鼻炎患者下气道炎症的危险因素。方法随机选取2007年1月～2012年12月就诊的639例慢性鼻炎患者经变应原皮肤点刺试验（SPY）,其中377例为svr阳性患者,262例为SPY阴性患者。采用统一的调查表采集患者一般资料;检测鼻分泌物涂片、鼻灌洗嗜酸细胞（EOS）计数、鼻激发,诱导痰EOS计数及血EOS等炎症相关生物指标。采用分层和多因素Logistic回归模型对上述指标进行统计学分析。结果慢性鼻炎患者下气道炎症阳性率为49．30％（315／639）。SPY阳性患者下气道炎症阳性率为60．48％（228／377）,SPY阴性患者下气道炎症阳性率33．20％（87／262）,两者之间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;鼻灌洗EOS计数升高患者下气道炎症阳性率为70．81％（211／298）,鼻灌洗EOS计数正常患者下气道炎症阳性率为30．50％（104／341）,两者之间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。而患者下气道炎症阳性率与性别、是否吸烟、血EOS及鼻激发结果无明显相关性。结论SPY阳性和鼻灌洗EOS计数升高是慢性鼻炎患者增加下气道炎症的危险因素。     

健康人 单次和多次口服 普卢利沙星片的药动学研究

  目的 研究健康受试者单次和多次口服普卢利沙星片后的药动学过程。方法 采用多周期试验设计,10名健康受试者单次po（200,400,600 mg）和多次po（400 mg）普卢利沙星片;采用HPLC测定普卢利沙星活性代谢物噻丁啶-喹啉羧酸衍生物（NM394）的血药浓度。用DAS2.0程序计算主要药动学参数,并进行统计分析。结果 健康志愿者单次及多次口服普卢利沙星片后,其活性代谢物NM394符合一级吸收一级消除的二室模型。主要药动学参数：单次给药低、中、高3种剂量普卢利沙星血浆活性代谢物NM394的消除半衰期及体内平均驻留时间相近,ρmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞均值与剂量呈良好的线性;多次给药ρ 为（1.02±0.18）mg·L-1,DF为（2.17±0.48）,AUC 为（15.69±3.20）mg·h·L-1,AUC 为（16.38±3.34）mg·h·L-1,t1/2α为（1.23±0.58）h,t1/2β为（7.95±3.28）h。结论 普卢利沙星片单次（低、中、高3种剂量）与多次（中剂量）po给药的主要药动学参数（t1/2、V/F、CL/F）无显著性差异（P>0.05）,体内药物无蓄积现象。 style="width:400px" rows="8" cols="> 摘要：目的 研究健康受试者单次和多次口服普卢利沙星片后的药动学过程。 方法 采用多周期试验设计, 10 名健康受试者单次 <> po （ 200 , 400 , 600 mg ）和多次 <> po （ 400 mg ）普卢利沙星片;采用 HPLC 测定普卢利沙星活性代谢物噻丁啶 - 喹啉羧酸衍生物（ NM394 ）的血药浓度。用 DAS2.0 程序计算主要药动学参数,并进行统计分析。 结果 健康志愿者单次及多次口服普卢利沙星片后,其活性代谢物 NM394 符合一级吸收一级消除的二室模型。主要药动学参数： 单 次给药 低、中、高 3 种剂量普卢利沙星血浆活性代谢物 NM394 的消除半衰期及体内平均驻留时间相近, <> ρ _max 、 AUC_0-<>t 和 AUC_0-∞ 均值与剂量呈良好的线性;多次给药 <> ρ 为（ 1.02±0.18 ） mg·L^-1 , DF 为（ 2.17±0.48 ）, AUC 为（ 15.69±3.20 ） mg·h·L^-1 , AUC 为（ 16.38±3.34 ） mg·h·L^-1 , <> t _1/2α 为（ 1.23±0.58 ） h , <> t _1/2β 为（ 7.95±3.28 ） h 。 结论 普卢利沙星片单次（低、中、高 3 种剂量）与多次（中剂量） <> po 给药的主要药动学参数（ <> t _1/2 、 <> V /<>F 、 <> CL /<>F ） 无显著性差异（ <> P >0.05 ）, 体内药物无蓄积现象 。     

Childhood Pityriasis Rosea

Abstract: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, self‐limiting papulosquamous disorder of unknown etiology. Published studies of childhood PR are scarce and most are reviews. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical features of childhood PR.     

宁夏贝母化学成分的研究

从宁夏贝母(Frdillapia taipaiensis P. Y. Li var. ningxiaensis Y. K. Yang et. J. K. Wu)的鳞茎中分得六个异甾体生物碱成分,鉴定为宁贝素(taipaienine,Ⅰ)、川贝酮(chuanbeinone,Ⅱ)、西贝素(imperialine,Ⅲ)、贝母乙素(verticinone,Ⅳ)、贝母辛(peimissine,Ⅴ)和异贝母甲素(isoverticine,Ⅵ).其中T为一新C-去甲-D-高甾生物碱。应用波谱分析(IR,MS,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR)等确定了它们的化学结构。     

Social characteristics of urban cafe guests in Norway

Which factors may influence the number of hours spent per week in cafes, and the amount of alcohol consumed in licensed premises, by urban cafe guests in Norway? In 1991 a comprehensive questionnaire survey was undertaken among 1053 visitors to 41 licensed cafes in Oslo, Norway. The five most important predictors of time spent in cafes were: household situation (β=0.20), occupation (β= 0.18), personal economic resources and sex (both β= 0.15) and age (β= 0.11). These factors were also significant predictors of the number of days during the past 4 weeks the respondents had drunk jour glasses or more of alcohol in cafes. Men, people living with others, people with poor economic resources and people not engaged in paid employment or education were the ones who reported spending the most hours per week and the most episodes of “heavy” drinking in cafes during a 4-week period. Visiting and drinking in cafes may be a way of structuring everyday life.     

Effects of malnutrition on the erythrocyte fatty acid composition and plasma vitamin E levels of Pakistani children

Abstract Erythrocyte fatty acids and plasma vitamin E concentrations were determined in 47 grade 2 and 21 grade 3 malnourished Pakistani children (ages 4–56 months). Data were compared with those of 26 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls. Evaluation with three statistical approaches revealed that both grade 2 and grade 3 malnourished children had decreased erythrocyte ω6 fatty acids and to a lesser extent decreased ω3 fatty acids. These decreases were compensated for by increased ω9 fatty acids. The patients tended to have lower plasma vitamin E concentrations. We conclude that malnourished Pakistani children have low essential fatty acid status, notably those of the ω6 series. The combination of low erythrocyte 22:6ω3 and a low 22:5ω6/22:4ω6 ratio in grade 2 patients suggests low Δ4-desaturation activity, which may be due to impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation.     

AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSES (ABR) IN HIGH-RISK NEONATES

ABSTRACT. In the present study, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded in 60 highrisk neonates in the intensive care unit selected by the following criteria: Birth-weight <2000 g, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy or exchange transfusion, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, artificial ventilation, asphyxia, sepsis or meningitis, intracranial haemorrhage, neurological symptoms and potential ototoxic medication (aminoglycoides, furosemide). The infants tested ranged in gestational age from 27-44 weeks. The ABR testing was performed in a sound-proof room using the Madsen (ERA-74) equipment. Four infants did not reveal responses to 70 dB HL ("nonresponders"), and the total of 10 neonates (16.6%) had abnormal ABR-tests, when the physiological changes related to gestational age and conceptional age (gestational age plus the age after birth) were taken into account. The 10 neonates with abnormal tests were reexamined after discharge, and in six there were no improvement of threshold sensitivity. Three of the "nonresponders" were retested several times within the two years after birth (one died at age 18 months of pertussis), and none of them revealed ABR at stimulus intensity of 70 dB HL. They all attend an audiological training program started at age of six months as a consequence of the early diagnosis of impaired auditory function. It is our opinion that a routine ABR-evaluation should be performed on high risk neonates (criteria mentioned above) in the newborn intensive care unit. Retesting of infants with abnormal responses within three months, and several times within the next two years if abnormal responses persist, is important. Transient impairment of auditory functions is not uncommon in these infants. However, the children with persisting hearing impairment should be discovered early to attend an early audiological training program.