正丁基葡萄糖苷合成的反应机理与动力学

在最佳反应条件下,采用直接法由葡萄糖与正丁醇反应合成正丁基葡萄糖苷,研究了该反应的反应机理,提出了直接法合成正丁基葡萄糖苷的宏观动力学模型,该过程为表观假一级可逆反应。     

4种灭蝇毒饵灭蝇效果观察

目的:观察4种苍蝇毒饵的灭蝇效果。方法:在0.343m~3的测试柜内观察苍蝇的LT_(50)及24h死亡率。结果:蝇蟑宁和韩1号毒饵的半数死时间最短,分别为1.10和1.79h,24h死亡率最高分别为98.43％和91.41％,两者差异无显著性。结论:蝇蟑宁毒饵灭效最好,具有推广应用价值。     

Functional assessment of sciatic nerve reconstruction: biodegradable poly (DLLA-epsilon-CL) nerve guides versus autologous nerve grafts

The aim of this study was to compare functional nerve recovery after reconstruction with a biodegradable p(DLLA-epsilon-CL) nerve guide filled with modified denatured muscle tissue (MDMT), or an autologous nerve graft. We evaluated nerve recovery using walking track analysis (measurement of the sciatic function index [SFI]) and electrostimulation tests. Functional nerve recovery after reconstruction with a biodegradable p(DLLA-epsilon-CL) nerve guide filled with MDMT was faster when compared with nerve reconstruction using an autologous nerve graft. We conclude that in case of a short nerve gap in the rat, reconstruction can best be carried out using a p(DLLA-epsilon-CL) biodegradable nerve guide filled with MDMT.     

上海市居民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病十年前瞻性研究

目的探讨上海市民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病的关系。方法８０年代初在上海市区、市郊和郊县开展了居民吸烟状况的横断面调查。至１９９４年年底,市区研究对象随访了１２年,郊区研究对象随访了１１年。本次研究分析了４０岁以上研究对象的随访资料,并用Ｐｏｉｓｏｎ回归模型估计吸烟因素的年龄调整相对危险度及其９５％可信区间。结果市区分析结果表明,男女性吸烟者全死因的相对危险度分别为１．４８、１．６２。而所有癌症死亡的相对危险度男性为２．２０,女性为２．００。相对危险度有统计学意义的癌症部位是肺癌、肝癌、食管癌（男）、胃癌（男）、胰腺癌（男）、膀胱癌（男）。脑血管疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺心病的相对危险度也见显著升高。市郊和郊县的结果与市区类似。我们估计了三个地区吸烟对男性某些疾病的归因危险度（ＰＡＲ）,所有死因吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）三地分别为２０．９、１８．９、１６．３,所有癌症三地吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）分别为４０．０、３４．５、３４．２,肺癌三地吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）分别为７１．７、５９．２、６４．７。结论吸烟与一些癌症、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肺原性心脏病及脑血管病等的死亡有关     

1993～1996年新生入学体检乙型肝炎病毒标志物及肝功能检测结果分析

目的：调查新生五项乙型肝炎病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）及肝功能的结果,达到控制乙肝传染的目的。方法：选用四届入学新生１４６２份血清,采用酶联免疫吸咐法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测五项ＨＢＶＭ,应用改良赖氏法,检测了肝功能。结果：ＨＢＶＭ阳性组合例数７０９例,占４８．５０％,乙肝病毒抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）阳性者１４９例,占１０．８８％。乙肝病毒抗体（ＨＢｓＡｂ）阳性占３０２例,占２０．６６％。丙氨酸转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）异常者５３例,占３．６３％。结论：新生乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染人数及ＨｓＡｇ携带者较多,对结果异常者应采取积极治疗和适当管理。ＨＢｓＡｂ阳性率逐年增高,结果提示,注射乙肝疫苗是防止乙肝传染的重要措施。     

韶关市麻疹减毒活疫苗初始强化免疫的效果分析

为探讨初始强化免疫对控制和消除麻疹的效果,１９９８ 年６ ～７ 月份对韶关市所有６ 月龄至１５ 岁人群实施ＭＶ 初始强化免疫后进行血清学检测和流行病学观察。结果强免后麻疹总抗体阳性率从９０－８ ％ 升至９９－５ ％ ,ＧＭＲＴ 从８６１－８ 增长到４６６０－２ ,低抗体率从３１－０ 降至１－８ ％ ,免疫成功率高达９８－９ ％ ;强免后（１９９８ 年７ ～１２ 月、１９９９ 年１ ～５ 月） 麻疹发病报告分别为２７ 例和１ 例,比强免前（１９９８ 年１ ～６ 月２５２ 例） 大幅度下降。说明ＭＶ 初始强化免疫控制麻疹效果显著,是控制和消除麻疹的可取策略。     

Pharmacology of antimigraine drugs

The drugs used in migraine therapy can be divided into two groups: agents that abort an established migraine attack and agents used prophylactically to reduce the number of migraine attacks. Both groups have drugs that are specific for migrainous headaches and that are non-specific, and are used to treat the accompanying headache (analgesics), vomiting (anti-emetics), anxiety (sedatives and anxiolytics), or depression (antidepressants). The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT₁-like receptors, -adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin). The pharmacological basis of therapeutic action of several of these drugs is not well understood. In the case of the ergot alkaloids and 5-HT₁-like receptor agonists, however, it is likely that the antimigraine effect is related to the potent and rather selective constriction of the large arteries and arteriovenous anastomoses in the scalp and dural regions. In addition, these drugs inhibit plasma extravasation into the dura in response to trigeminal ganglion stimulation, but it is possible that this effect is related to the selective vasoconstriction in the extracerebral vascular bed. The selectivity of the pharmacological effects of these antimigraine drugs (constriction of the extracerebral arteries and arteriovenous anastomoses, poor penetration into the central nervous system and the absence of an antinociceptive effect even after intrathecal administration) strongly suggests that excessive dilatation in the extracerebral cranial vasculature, probably initiated by a neuronal event, is an integral part of the pathophysiology of migraine.     

Technetium-99m-MRP20, a potential brain perfusion agent: in vivo biodistribution and SPECT studies in non-primate animals

MRP20 (N-(2(1H pyrolylmethyl]N'-(4-pentene-3-one-2] ethane-1,2-diamine) complexes with technetium-99m, yielding a neutral, lipophilic species. This compound has been characterized as [TcO(MRP20)]. Biologic investigation of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] in female rats showed 2.35% ID in the brain 30 min p.i. with no significant wash-out over 3 hr. A single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study in a dog demonstrated rapid tracer uptake in the brain, reaching a maximum within 1 min, with 2.24% i.d. 15 min p.i., decreasing to 1.7% after 4 hr. The complex undergoes hydrolysis in vitro forming a cationic species. This is possibly the trapping mechanism in the brain in vivo. The main excretory route of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] is via the hepatobiliary tract. There is evidence of some "in vivo" cell labeling and soft-tissue uptake.     

Antispasmodic Activity of Origanum compactum

In addition to the spasmolytic activity of ORIGANUM COMPACTUM, the antagonistic effect of the main components thymol and carvacrol is investigated on the isolated guinea-pig ileum, induced by carbachol, histamine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide and BaCl (2). The l-noradrenaline contractions on the rat vas deferens are also reduced by both of phenols and the Origanum macerate. pD' (2) values and relative potency to papaverine illustrate the affinity of the isomers. It is concluded that thymol and carvacrol act as non-competitive antagonists and are not significantly different from each other.