Parathyroid hormone-(1-34) peptide activates cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the human placenta.

Dually perfused human term placental lobules were exposed to forskolin, bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH(1-34)) and human parathyroid hormone related-peptides, hPTHrP(1-34), hPTHrP(67-86)NH2 or PTHrP(107-138) for 15 min in the presence of 3-iso-butyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX); control lobules were exposed to IBMX alone. Homogenates of these tissues were then assayed for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and results normalized per mg of protein. Exposure to forskolin or bPTH(1-34) on both sides, and exposure to bPTH(1-34) at a concentration of 30 nM on the maternal side of the placenta or 120 nM on the fetal side of the placenta, significantly enhanced tissue cyclic AMP production compared with tissue exposed to IBMX alone. Exposure to hPTHrP(1-34), hPTHrP(67-86)NH2 and hPTHrP(107-138) at a concentration of 30 nM on both sides of the placenta had no significant effect upon tissue cyclic AMP production.     

猪胸腰段脊髓火器贯通伤后p53基因的早期表达

目的:建立家猪胸腰段脊髓火器贯通伤模型和改良Allen's打击伤后全瘫模型,观察伤后促凋亡基因p53基因的早期表达。方法:实验于2005-05/08在解放军第一七五医院实验室完成。取健康雄性家猪20只,单纯随机分为3组:①火器伤组:9只,在全麻状态下制作胸腰段(L1～L2)脊髓火器伤模型,分为伤后1,3,6h3个时间处死。②打击伤组:9只,L1节段脊髓行改良Allen’s打击,致伤力为500g·cm,处死时间同前。③空白对照组:2只,只麻醉,不造模,伤后6h处死。伤后不同时间点(伤后1,3,6h)和不同节段(伤点、近伤点、中伤点及远伤点)取材,采用SP法进行P53蛋白免疫组化染色,用TJTY-300型全自动图像分析仪测量P53免疫组织化学染色阳性物质吸光度。结果:经补充后20只猪进入结果分析。①脊髓损伤后3h打击伤组伤点,火器伤组近伤段脊髓P53蛋白的表达高于空白对照组(P<0.001),随着时间推移,打击伤组和火器伤组P53蛋白的表达呈升高趋势(P<0.001),且火器伤组要高于打击伤组(P<0.0001)。②在脊髓损伤后6h,打击伤组仅在伤点和近伤段P53蛋白的表达高于空白对照组(5.57±0.82,3.21±0.43,P<0.05),而火器伤组近伤段、中伤段及远段伤均高于空白对照组(6.46±0.66,4.27±0.39,1.16±0.17,P<0.05)。结论:①细胞凋亡基因p53在脊髓损伤中的表达有一定的时空性,在脊髓损伤后3h出现P53蛋白表达量的增加。②脊髓火器伤的波及范围较打击伤更为广泛。     

颈椎椎后肌肉组织中肌膜Na^＋-K^＋-ATP酶活性与颈椎病

目的:探讨颈椎椎后肌肉组织Na -K -ATP酶活性变化与颈椎病的关系。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed1988-01/2004-12相关骨骼肌损伤与肌组织Na -K -ATP酶关系的文献,检索词“Na -K pump,Na -K -ATPase,muscle”,限定文献语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNKI1990-01/2005-12相关Na -K -ATP酶与骨骼肌损伤的关系及颈椎病发病病因的文献,检索词“Na -K -ATP酶,骨骼肌,颈椎病病因”,限定文献语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括Na -K -ATP酶与肌组织损伤关系的文献,开始查找全文。纳入标准:Na -K -ATP酶活性变化与骨骼肌损伤密切相关的文献研究。排除标准:重复研究,Meta分析类文章。资料提炼:共检索到939篇关于Na -K -ATP酶与骨骼肌损伤相关方面的文献,最终纳入20篇符合标准的文献。资料综合:众多研究表明,Na 、K 与骨骼肌的兴奋、收缩、疲劳有密切关系,而Na -K -ATP酶又是调节细胞内外Na 、K 浓度必不可少的高分子蛋白,也就是说,骨骼肌一系列活动均离不开Na -K -ATP酶,Na -K -ATP酶活性变化与骨骼肌损伤是相互影响的。而强迫屈颈体位作为颈椎病发病的危险因素之一,可使颈椎椎后肌肉Na -K -ATP酶活性降低,酶活性降低致使肌细胞损伤,并最终导致骨骼肌损伤而发病。结论:以颈椎椎后肌肉酶活性的变化来阐释中医药对颈椎病确切疗效的相关研究未见,这有待于进一步研究,以充分展示中医药在颈椎病等相关疾病中的治疗优势。     

Surgical downstaging and neo-adjuvant therapy in metastatic colorectal carcinoma with irinotecan drug-eluting beads: a multi-institutional study

Background:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for potentially resectable metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) is becoming a more common treatment algorithm. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of precision hepatic arterial Irinotecan therapy in unresectable MCC.

Methods:

An open-label, multi-centre, multi-national single arm study of MCC patients, who received hepatic arterial irinotecan. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerance and metastatic tumour resection.

Results:

Fifty-five patients with metastatic colorectal to the liver underwent a total of 90 hepatic arterial irinotecan treatments. The extent of liver involvement was <25% in 75% of the patients (n= 41), between 26 and 50% in 15% of the patients (n= 11) and >50% in 10% of the patients (n= 24). The median number of hepatic lesions was four (range 1–20), with a median total size of all target lesions of 9 cm (range 5.5–28 cm) with 50% of patients having bilobar tumour distribution. The median number of irinotecan treatments was two (range 1–5). The median treatment dose was 100 mg (range 100–200) with a median total hepatic treatment of 200 mg (range 200–650). The majority of treatments (86%) were performed as lobar infusion treatments, and 30% of patients were treated with concurrent simultaneous chemotherapy. Eleven (20%) patients demonstrated significant response and downstage of their disease or demonstrated stable disease without extra-hepatic disease progression allowing resection, ablation or resection and ablation. There were no post-operative deaths. Post-operative complications morbidity occurred in 18% of patients, with none of them hepatic related. Non-tumorous liver resected demonstrated no evidence of steatohepatitis from the irinotecan arterial infusion.

Conclusions:

Hepatic arterial infusion irinotecan drug-eluting beads is safe and effective in pre-surgical therapy and helpful in evaluating the biology of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver prior to planned hepatic resection.     

Conservative management of rectal perforation after nerve sparing endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (NS EERPE) in a patient with a past history of polypectomy

Introduction

Rectal polypectomy causes thinning (or even perforation) of the rectal wall in addition to thermic injury at the polypectomy site.

Case report

We present a rare case of spontaneous rectal perforation after uncomplicated nerve sparing endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy in a patient with a previous history of rectal polypectomy at the perforation site. The patient could be treated conservatively. There was complete healing of the fistula without any effect on functional results. This Conservative therapy for such rectal perforations is indicated if the patient''s general condition remains stable without any signs of infection.

Conclusions

Polypectomy is an important risk factor for rectal perforation during nsEERPE. Adequate time interval should be given to allow healing and avoid adding further thermal wall damage which may obscure healing leading to complications like fistula. Conservative therapy for small missed rectal perforations constitutes an attractive, feasible and non invasive treatment entity. Following this principle we have not faced this complication in following similar cases.     

Italian healthcare workers' views on mandatory vaccination

Background  

Mandatory vaccination has contributed to the success of immunisation programmes but voluntary vaccination allows people to be responsible for their own health. There are benefits from both policies and the arguments between them remain subject to debate within and without the scientific community, both nationally and internationally. The aim of this study is to assess the opinions of those who actually work in the Vaccination Service.     

The abdomen of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis>: does planar cell polarity orient the neurons of mechanosensory bristles?

Background

In the adult abdomen of Drosophila, the shafts of mechanosensory bristles point consistently from anterior to posterior. This is an example of planar cell polarity (PCP); some genes responsible for PCP have been identified. Each adult bristle is made by a clone of four cells, including the neuron that innervates it, but little is known as to how far the formation or positions of these cells depends on PCP. The neurons include a single dendrite and an axon; it is not known whether the orientation of these processes is influenced by PCP.

Results

We describe the development of the abdominal mechanosensory bristles in detail. The division of the precursor cell gives two daughters, one (pIIa) divides to give rise to the bristle shaft and socket cell and the other (pIIb) generates the neuron, the sheath and the fifth cell. Although the bristles and their associated shaft and socket cells are consistently oriented, the positioning and behaviour of the neuron, the sheath and the fifth cell, as well as the orientation of the axons and the dendritic paths, depend on location. For example, in the anterior zone of the segment, the axons grow posteriorly, while in the posterior zone, they grow anteriorly. Manipulating the PCP genes can reverse bristle orientation, change the path taken by the dendrite and the position of the cell body of the neuron. However, the paths taken by the axon are not affected.

Conclusion

PCP genes, such as starry night and dachsous orient the bristles and position the neuronal cell body and affect the shape of the dendrites. However, these PCP genes do not appear to change the paths followed by the sensory axons, which must, therefore, be polarised by other factors.

     

In-111-labeled white blood cell uptake in noninfected closed fracture in humans: prospective study

Since indium-111 white blood cell (In-111 WBC) scintigraphy is often used to evaluate for osteomyelitis in bone fractures, it is important to know if noninfected fractures have In-111 WBC uptake. Twenty-seven noninfected closed fracture sites in 19 patients were prospectively evaluated with technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and In-111 WBC scintigraphy. In-111 WBC uptake was present in 41% of the 27 sites. In the 11 positive sites, the In-111 WBC uptake was 1+ (definite but minimal) in 55%, 2+ (moderate) in 36%, and 3+ (marked) in 9%. The visual intensity of the radioactive uptake on In-111 WBC scintigrams relative to that on bone scintigrams was less in 82%, equal in 9%, and greater in 9%. The visual size of the area of uptake on In-111 WBC scintigrams and bone scintigrams was smaller in 36%, equal in 55%, and greater in 9%. Factors that may help distinction of In-111 WBC uptake due to fracture alone from infection associated with fracture are discussed.     

Non-Epstein-Barr virus-associated T-cell lymphoma following cardiac transplantation for Barth syndrome

Barth syndrome is a metabolic disease characterized by infantile cardiomyopathy, neutropenia and organic aciduria. We report disease evolution in one of the first affected boys to undergo successful cardiac transplantation. CONCLUSION: Although cardiac status stabilized, he developed disabling skeletal myopathy, protracted lymphopenia and--5 y after transplant--fatal Epstein Barr (EBV)-negative T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.