Arthroscopic Management of Giant Meniscal Cysts Among Young Patients: An Average Three‐Year MRI Follow‐Up

ObjectiveTo describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes, and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow‐up imaging evaluations.MethodsA total of 54 consecutive patients with symptomatic meniscal cysts were admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2014 and 2019. Nine patients with giant meniscus cysts (six females and three males) were included in this study. The age range of the patients was 6–34 years. All patients underwent a complete physical examination, X‐ray, Doppler ultrasound, and MRI of the knee preoperatively. After an arthroscopic diagnosis of a meniscal rupture with a giant meniscal cyst, partial meniscectomy, ablation of the cyst, and suturing of the retainable meniscus were performed. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used preoperatively and at the most recent follow‐up. Clinical outcomes were classified into four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. During the last visit, all patients underwent MRI to assess the recurrence of the cyst and meniscal suture healing.ResultsPreoperative MRI and arthroscopic examination revealed giant meniscal cysts combined with meniscal tears and congenital discoid meniscus, and all giant meniscal cysts occurred in the lateral meniscus. The main types of meniscal tears were horizontal and complex tears. The cysts were unicystic in one case and multicystic in eight cases. The mean size of the cysts on the MRI was 5.86 cm × 2.24 cm × 2.48 cm. The mean follow‐up periods were 37.5 (19–60) months. Clinical outcomes were excellent in six patients and good in three patients. The postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative scores (Lysholm: 90.78 ± 4.60 vs. 54.56 ± 7.25; IKDC: 96.2 ± 3.46 vs. 61.69 ± 3.36; p <0.01). No recurrence of the cyst was indicated on the MRI, and there was good healing of the torn meniscus.ConclusionsArthroscopic cystectomy combined with the meniscus suture technique was effective to eradicate residual cyst cavities, and traffic orifices be highly recommended.     

白介素-13与哮喘、呼吸道合胞病毒感染后喘息的相关性

白介素-13(IL-13)是一种主要由活化的2型辅助T细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成,后者通过与肥大细胞、嗜碱性细胞的作用而诱发支气管哮喘(哮喘)的急性发作.而呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)在婴幼儿的感染亦可有喘息出现,部分最终演变为哮喘.该文在IL-13和哮喘及RSV感染后喘息之间寻找其相关性,以探讨IL-13基因突变对哮喘及RSV感染后的喘息影响.     

丝氨酸蛋白酶Omi/HtrA2与细胞凋亡

Omi/HtrA2是一种定位于线粒体膜间隙的丝氨酸蛋白酶,是一种凋亡调节因子,释放到线粒体外参与细胞凋亡.它有双重功能:一方面阻止X染色体连锁凋亡抑制蛋白,促进caspase级联反应;另一方面作为丝氨酸蛋白酶诱导非caspase依赖的细胞凋亡.该文介绍了Omi/HtrA2的结构、体内分布以及参与细胞凋亡的机制和在相关疾病中的作用.     

Total body water/fat-free mass ratio as a valuable predictive parameter for mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Hydration of fat-free mass (FFM), defined as the ratio of total body water (TBW) to FFM (TBW/FFM), is stable at 0.739 in adult mammals. However, an increase in the TBW/FFM ratio is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of TBW/FFM and investigate its predictive value for the prognosis of all-cause mortality in HD patients.We enrolled patients undergoing maintenance HD between July 2020 and May 2021. All patients were prospectively followed until death, HD dropout, or until the end of the study (November 1, 2021). A forward stepwise multivariable linear regression analyses was performed to test the independent relationship between TBW/FMM and other clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to discriminate the TBW/FFM with respect to 180-day mortality.Of the 106 patients, 42 had elevated TBW/FFM levels. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the TBW/FFM ratio was significantly associated with extracellular water (ECW)/TBW (standardized regression coefficient [β = 1.131, P < .001], phase angle (PhA) [β = 0.453, P < .001], and sex (β = 0.440, P < .001). We calculated the ROC curve (AUC) of TBW/FFM, ECW, ECW/TBW, and intracellular water (ICW) to compare the discriminatory capacities of these parameters in predicting 180-day mortality. The AUC for TBW/FFM (AUC = 0.849; 95% CI, 0.745–0.953) exhibited better discriminatory potential than ECW (AUC = 0.562; 0.410–0.714), although it had a similar predictive potential as the ECW/TBW ratio (AUC = 0.831; 0.731–0.932). High TBW/FFM can be used as a valuable prognostic index for predicting all-cause mortality in patients on HD.     

继续教育对基层医务人员有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关认知的影响研究

目的了解基层医务人员对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的认知、过去一年继续教育情况及继续教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关认知的影响。方法选取2019年10月1—31日2372名来自社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室的医务人员自愿在线填写了调查问卷,内容包括个人基本特征,对慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素和诊断的认知及继续教育情况。结果基层医务人员熟知吸烟、二手烟、长期呼吸道疾病史、室外空气污染和职业性粉尘等危险因素,但是对室内空气污染和遗传因素认知不足,并且仍有12.1%的基层医务人员知晓吸烟是危险因素,但正在吸烟或戒烟6个月以内。80%的调查对象知道肺功能是诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病的金标准,但仅60.7%的调查对象能正确判读肺功能结果。过去一年中仅44.3%的基层医务人员接受了相关继续教育。继续教育对提升基层医务人员慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素和诊断相关认知的影响差异有显著性(OR=1.524,95%CI 1.289～1.802;OR=1.528,95%CI 1.289～1.812)。结论加大继续教育的惠及范围,有针对性地加强基层医务人员对室内空气污染和遗传因素的认知,同时在基层配备肺功能仪的前提下,开展以实操...     

利用组织芯片探讨PTEN在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的:探讨PTEN在喉癌中的表达以及与病理学分级、临床TNM分期和预后等因素的关系。方法:应用组织芯片技术结合免疫组织化学、原位杂交的方法对146例喉鳞状细胞癌、40例癌前期病变以及26例声带息肉患者组织中PTENmRNA以及蛋白的表达,结合临床相关因素进行统计分析。结果:PTEN蛋白在声带息肉中无表达,癌前期病变以及喉癌组织的阳性表达率分别为40.00%、43.15%。在喉癌组织中的表达与喉癌的病理分级以及预后差异有统计学意义,与发生部位、临床分期、淋巴结转移差异无统计学意义。PTEN在癌前期病变及喉癌组织的原位杂交阳性表达率分别为77.50%与59.59%。PTEN在癌前期病变以及喉癌组织的原位杂交阳性表达率高于免疫组织化学的蛋白阳性表达率。结论:组织微阵列是一种高效率的实验方法,具有快速、高精确度、节约资源的特点。PTEN的表达与喉癌的预后有关。     

细节管理在老年留置普通硅胶胃管患者鼻饲饮食中的应用

目的 研究细节管理减少老年留置普通硅胶胃管患者鼻饲饮食后并发症、减少感染及死亡率的作用.方法 选取80例老年留置普通硅胶胃管患者,随机分为对照组40例与干预组40例,对照组患者鼻饲饮食实施常规管理,干预组患者鼻饲饮食实施管理,比较两组干预效果.结果 干预组发生胃肠道并发症6例,无堵管现象,肺部感染2例;对照组发生胃肠道...     

以鱼鳞病样皮损为首发表现的蕈样肉芽肿

报告1例以鱼鳞病样皮损为首发表现的蕈样肉芽肿。患者女,28岁。全身泛发灰褐色色素沉着,四肢伸侧可见大小不等的深褐色菱形或多角形鳞状斑片,表现轻度萎缩,伴糖皮样脱屑。皮损组织病理学改变符合蕈样肉芽肿。     

Socioeconomic status,individual behaviors and risk for mental disorders: A Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundThere is increasing attention on the association of socioeconomic status and individual behaviors (SES/IB) with mental health. However, the impacts of SES/IB on mental disorders are still unclear. To provide evidence for establishing feasible strategies on disease screening and prevention, we implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) design to appraise causality between SES/IB and mental disorders.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample MR study to assess the causal effects of SES and IB (dietary habits, habitual physical activity, smoking behaviors, drinking behaviors, sleeping behaviors, leisure sedentary behaviors, risky behaviors, and reproductive behaviors) on three mental disorders, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. A series of filtering steps were taken to select eligible genetic instruments robustly associated with each of the traits. Inverse variance weighted was used for primary analysis, with alternative MR methods including MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode estimate. Complementary methods were further used to detect pleiotropic bias.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction and rigorous quality control, we identified that SES (educational attainment), smoking behaviors (smoking initiation, number of cigarettes per day), risky behaviors (adventurousness, number of sexual partners, automobile speeding propensity) and reproductive behavior (age at first birth) were causally associated with at least one of the mental disorders.ConclusionsMR study provides robust evidence that SES/IB play broad impacts on mental disorders.