保定医学堂的初创

保定医学堂是在我国医学教育中较早的一所中西医结合院校,该校的建立为中西医结合的发展起到了积极的作用。本文介绍了该学堂建立时的历史背景,教学计划及学生管理等方面的规章制度,这对当前的教育、教学改革无疑有所裨益。     

职业人群不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用

目的 探索不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系,以及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用,为预防高尿酸血症提供理论依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究设计,基于2021年10-12月来自四川省、贵州省28个地级市和重庆市33个区（县）中国铁路成都局集团有限公司的西南职业人群队列基线数据,通过问卷调查、体格测量及实验室生化检测收集研究对象的人口学特征、行为生活方式、慢性非传染性疾病患病情况。不健康行为生活方式得分根据吸烟、饮酒、膳食模式、体力活动和低体重/超重状况进行评分,分值越高不健康行为生活方式越多。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不健康行为生活方式评分、吸烟状况、饮酒状况等与高尿酸血症的关系,采用分层分析探索高血压等疾病对不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症之间关系的修饰效应。结果 共纳入11 748名研究对象,高尿酸血症患病率为34.4%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,现在吸/既往吸烟、现在饮/既往饮酒及BMI异常是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险呈现累积效应,随着得分的升高,高尿酸血症患病风险升高,OR值由1.64（95%CI：1.34~2.00）上升至2.89（95%CI：2.39~3.50）。分层分析结果显示,在高血压及血脂异常人群中,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险影响更大。结论 多种不健康行为生活方式的共存会升高高尿酸血症患病风险,这一效应在高血压、血脂异常人群中更明显。及时纠正不健康行为生活方式,并控制高血压和血脂异常,降低患高尿酸血症的风险。     

利用垃圾填埋气体发电走垃圾处理资源化道路

城市生活固体弃物经卫生填埋后,产生的洁气可以做为资源加以利用。杭州市天子岭废弃物处理场１９９８年建成中外合作的发电厂,利用沼气并网发电,不但学习了国外的先进技术,而且培养自己的技术,管理人员。     

鼻中隔矫正术及鼻丘划痕治疗变应性鼻炎

应用鼻中隔矫正术和以鼻丘为中心的划痕术治疗鼻中隔偏曲伴变应性鼻炎（PAR）患者32例,术后症状立即消失,术后随访6个月～18个月.仅2例复发,但症状明显较前减轻,鼻中隔矫正术及鼻丘划痕术治疗PAR短期效果满意,是基层医院治疗PAR较理想的手术方法.     

The Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations: changes in dietary intakes.

This randomized clinical trial examined the feasibility of low-fat dietary interventions among postmenopausal women of diverse backgrounds. During 1992-1994, 2,208 women aged 50-79 years, 28% of whom were black and 16% Hispanic, enrolled at clinics in Atlanta, Georgia, Birmingham, Alabama, and Miami, Florida. Intervention/support groups met periodically with a nutritionist to reduce fat intake to 20% of energy and to make other diet modifications. At 6 months postrandomization, the intervention group reduced fat intake from 39.7% of energy at baseline to 26.4%, a reduction of 13.3% of energy, compared with 2.3% among controls. Saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intakes were reduced, but intakes of fruits and vegetables, but not grain products, increased. Similar effects were observed at 12 and 18 months. Black and non-Hispanic white women had similar levels of reduction in fat, but the decrease in Hispanic women was less. Changes did not vary significantly by education. While bias in self-reported intakes may have resulted in somewhat overestimated changes in fat intake, the reported reduction was similar to the approximately 10% of energy decrease found in most trials and suggests that large changes in fat consumption can be attained in diverse study populations and in many subgroups.     

鼻腔鼻窦非上皮源性恶性肿瘤7例报告

报告鼻腔鼻窦非上皮源性恶性肿瘤７ 例,其中恶性黑色素瘤２ 例,恶性神经鞘瘤２ 例,非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤２ 例,平滑肌肉瘤１ 例。因鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤罕见,故易误诊,其中１ 例因高度疑为此病,经病检证实,及时准确切除了瘤体,术后存活５ 年余;恶性神经鞘瘤临床确诊主要依靠病检,诊断平滑肌肉瘤则需结合免疫组化检测,随免疫组化的开展,非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的临床与病理诊断符合率已有提高,前三者治疗以手术切除为主,非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤则可先化疗再局部放疗。     

Synthetic retinoid CD437 induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells LNCaP and PC-3

BACKGROUND: Exposure of prostate carcinoma cell lines to retinoids, which function through the classical retinoic acid nuclear receptor, (RARs) or retinoid X receptors (RXRs), results in minimal cytostatic inhibition of cell proliferation. METHODS: Growth inhibition and various regulatory responses were investigated in two human prostate carcinoma cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) treated with or without a synthetic retinoid, CD 437. RESULTS: Incubation of prostate carcinoma cell lines with a novel retinoid CD437 resulted in the marked inhibition of proliferation. LNCaP and PC-3 possessed IC50 values for CD437 of 375 nM and 550 nM, respectively. Incubation with 1 microM CD437 for 24 hr resulted in 100% and 60% inhibition of growth in LNCaP and PC-3 cells, respectively. Simultaneously, cell flow cytometric analyses revealed a dramatic increase of the cell population in S phase, in both LNCaP (from 38.6% up to 86.7%) and PC-3 (27.9% to 55.7%), and a decreased proportion of cells in G2 phase, in LNCaP (from 23.7% down to 1.2%) and PC-3 (14.9% to 2.2%), indicating a significant S-phase arrest. The cell growth inhibition and S-phase arrest in these cells were followed by apoptosis, as revealed by the acquisition of the characteristic cell morphology including the appearance of apoptotic bodies, and further confirmed by cellular DNA fragmentation. CD437-induced-S phase arrest was associated with upregulated mRNA levels of p21waf1/cip1/sdi1 in both LNCaP (p53+/+) and PC-3 (53-/-) cells. CONCLUSIONS: CD437 represents a unique retinoid that induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis in both androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (PC-3) human prostate cancer cells, suggesting a potential role of CD437 in the treatment of human prostate cancer.     

公路费用分摊方法的分析与评价

明确了公路费用分摊的概念,指出了它在道路使用者税费制定过程中的地位与作用;阐述了费用分摊的两大基本目标--效率与公平,并据此对国外公路费用分摊方法进行了分类,提出了公路费用分摊研究的基本框架;介绍了每种分摊方法的基本内容,并着重分析了它们的优缺点.     

睫状体冷冻术联合巩膜穿刺术治疗绝对期青光眼

目的评价睫状体冷冻术联合巩膜穿刺术在治疗绝对期青光眼中的应用。方法对绝对期青光眼４７眼施行睫状体冷冻术联合巩膜穿刺术,观察术后３ａ内眼压变化。结果全部病例术后高眼压症都获缓解,对术后早期眼压反弹,本术较单纯施行睫状体冷冻术者控制眼压疗效好（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且无副作用和并发症。结论睫状体冷冻术联合巩膜穿刺术是治疗绝对期青光眼更简便、安全、有效的手术选择。     

Gene cloning and sequencing of BmK AS and BmK AS-1, two novel neurotoxins from the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch.

Based on the known amino acid sequences of BmK AS and BmK AS-1, the gene specific primers were designed and synthesized for 3' and 5' RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends). Their partial cDNA fragments obtained by 3' and 5' RACE were cloned and sequenced, and the full length cDNA sequences of BmK AS and BmK AS-1 were then completed by overlapping their two partial cDNA sequences, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences both consist of 85 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide of 19 residues and a mature toxin of 66 residues. They are different in 17 amino acid residues, among them 11 residues in the mature toxin. The predicted amino acid sequences of BmK AS and BmK AS-1 were almost consistent with those determined and revised (personal communication), only different in one and two residues at their COO-terminal parts, respectively. Based on the determined cDNA sequences, and using the total DNAs isolated from the scorpion venom glands as a template, the genomic DNAs of BmK AS and BmK AS-1 were also amplified by PCR and sequenced. It showed that no intron was inserted in their open reading frames, while in the exon of signal peptide sequences of other Na+, K+ and Cl- channel toxins from the same scorpion, an intron is usually found. However, the Northern blot hybridization results indicated that the sizes of their mRNA should be around 800 bp. Their extra sequences around 400 bp which might function as an intron should be located at their 5' untranslated regions.