阿苯达唑对曼氏裂头蚴感染小鼠的疗效观察

为观察不同剂量阿苯达唑对感染曼氏裂头蚴小鼠的疗效,将72只小鼠随机均分为A～H等8组,每鼠经口感染5条裂头蚴。感染后1周,A～C组小鼠应用阿苯达唑灌胃治疗1个疗程(2次/d×7d),阿苯达唑1个疗程的总剂量分别为1700、2500和3300mg/kg,治疗后1周剖杀;E～G组小鼠治疗1个疗程后间隔7d,再治疗1个疗程,总剂量同A～C组,第2疗程结束后1周剖杀;D、H组小鼠仅灌服蒸馏水,分别作为A～C组和E～G组小鼠的对照组。检获裂头蚴,计算各组小鼠的平均虫数和减虫率。结果发现,A～C组小鼠的减虫率分别为20.0%、20.0%和24.9%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.351,P>0.05)。E～G组小鼠的减虫率分别为22.3%、36.4%和31.9%,差异亦无统计学意义(χ~2=1.812,P>0.05);应用相同阿苯达唑剂量治疗1个与2个疗程后,小鼠减虫率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明阿苯达唑对裂头蚴感染小鼠无明显的治疗效果。     

新乡市2005～2011年布鲁杆菌病流行特征分析

目的分析河南省新乡市2005～2011年布鲁杆菌病(简称布病)的流行特征,为有效防治布病提供科学依据。方法对国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中新乡市数据及个案调查资料进行统计分析。结果 2005～2011年共报告布病病例186例,11个县(市、区)均有病例报告,主要集中在获嘉县、辉县市等5个县(市),其发病数占总发病数的86.56%。发病季节以4～7月最多,占全年发病数的59.68%。发病年龄集中在25～65岁,占全部病例的83.33%,男性多于女性,职业以农民、饲养、屠宰及畜产品加工人员为主。结论新乡市布病疫情呈逐年上升趋势,疫情地区已由牧区转向农区,有逼近趋势。要控制布病疫情上升,应尽快加强卫生部门与畜牧部门的密切合作,加大对重点人群的监测力度、深入开展对重点人群的宣传教育和行为干预。     

无锡地区鸡弓形虫感染的血清流行病学调查

目的了解无锡地区散养鸡的弓形虫感染状况。方法应用ELISA方法调查无锡地区309例散养鸡的弓形虫抗原、抗体阳性率,并与150例集约化养殖鸡的弓形虫感染率进行比较,其中一项阳性即视为弓形虫感染阳性。结果 309例散养鸡中,抗原阳性29例,阳性率为9.39%;抗体阳性53例,阳性率为17.15%;双阳性13例,双阳性率为4.21%;散养鸡总体阳性率为22.33%。集约化养殖鸡总体弓形虫感染率为2.67%。散养鸡感染率显著高于集约化养殖鸡感染率(χ2=29.19,P<0.01)。结论无锡地区散养鸡群弓形虫感染率较高,应引起重视。     

32例胸腔镜手术单肺通气时患者呼吸管理及麻醉处理

目的:探讨胸腔镜手术单肺通气时患者呼吸的管理及麻醉处理。方法:回顾性总结32例电视胸腔镜手术患者的临床资料,麻醉诱导时采用双腔气管插管,术中行单肺通气。结果:32例中有3例在单肺通气1 h后SpO2明显下降,通过调整呼吸参数,改吸入纯氧等措施,SpO2逐渐回升至正常;另1例经以上方法处理无效,改行手法人工控制呼吸,交替施行单肺及双肺通气后低氧情况得到改善。全部患者手术过程顺利,无麻醉并发症。结论:正确应用双腔支气管插管通气,术中加强呼吸管理、可改善单肺通气时的低氧血症,为胸腔镜手术创造良好的条件。     

食管结核合并结核性腹膜炎1例

食管结核是结核杆菌侵及食管壁导致的一种少见的炎性肉芽肿性病变,其发病率低,易误诊.最容易混淆的疾病是食管癌和食管平滑肌瘤.食管结核常见症状为吞咽困难,胸骨后疼痛,消瘦和发热等,这些症状与食管平滑肌瘤、食管癌比较无特异性,术前诊断较困难.尤其是食管结核合并结合性腹膜炎更是少见.本文报道1例食管结核合并结核性腹膜炎,并结合文献,就诊断及治疗进行复习.     

结直肠癌线粒体基因组的微卫星不稳定性

目的:探讨结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)非编码区及编码区的微卫星不稳定.方法:选取50例新鲜CRC及相应癌旁组织标本,提取基因组DNA.利用荧光标记聚合酶链反应及短重复序列位点扫描的方法,对线粒体DNA编码区及非编码区微卫星不稳定进行比较分析.结果:共检出19例线粒体微卫星不稳定(mitochondrial microsatellite instability,mtMSI),发生率为38%(19/50),线粒体非编码区微卫星与编码区微卫星不稳定有显著相关性(重要数据列出来P<0.05).结论:结直肠癌患者肠黏膜细胞mtDNA中存在较高频率的微卫星不稳定,在一些结直肠癌的发生中可能起一定作用.     

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in subjects hospitalized due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

Objectives To investigate the overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore the prevalence of the major CVD complications and trends in patients with COPD over a 10-year period. Methods Medical records in the PLA General Hospital, Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, and Beijing Hospital from 2000/01/01 to 2010/03/03 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 4960 patients with COPD were reviewed in the study (3570 males, mean age, 72.2 ± 10.5 years; 1390 females, mean age, 72.0 ± 10.4 years). Results The prevalence of CVD in COPD patients was 51.7%. The three most prevalent CVDs were ischemic heart disease (28.9%), heart failure (19.6%), and arrhythmia (12.6%). During the 10-year study period, the prevalence of various CVDs in COPD patients showed a gradual increasing trend with increasing age. There was higher morbidity due to ischemic heart disease (P < 0.01) in male COPD patients than in the female counterparts. However, heart failure (P < 0.01) and hypertension (P < 0.01) occurred less frequently in male COPD patients than in female COPD patients. Furthermore, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease decreased year by year. In addition to heart failure, various types of CVD complications in COPD patients tended to occur in younger subjects. The prevalence of all major types of CVD in women tended to increase year by year. Conclusions The prevalence of CVD in patients hospitalized for COPD in Beijing was high. Age, sex and CVD trends, as well as life style changes, should be considered when prevention and control strategies are formulated.     

Individuals with and without normal tension glaucoma exhibit comparable performance on tests of cognitive function

AIM: To evaluate aspects of cognition impacted by individuals with and without normal tension glaucoma. METHODS: Fifty normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and 50 control patients ≥50y of age were recruited from the UCSF Department of Ophthalmology. Demographic data and glaucoma parameters were extracted from electronic medical records for both groups. Tests of executive function [Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (EXAMINER)] and learning and memory [California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition (CVLT-II)] were administered to both NTG and controls. Race, handedness, best-corrected visual acuity, maximum intraocular pressure, optic nerve cup-to-disc ratio, visual field and optic nerve optical coherence tomography parameters, and a measure of general health (Charlson Comorbidity Index) were compared between NTG and controls as well as within NTG subgroups. Multivariate linear regression was used to compare group performances on the EXAMINER battery and CVLT-II while controlling for age, sex, and years of education. RESULTS: NTG and controls were comparable with respect to age, sex, race, education, handedness, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (P>0.05 for all). Performance on the EXAMINER composite score and the CVLT-II did not differ between NTG and controls (P>0.05 for both). CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective study in which the cognitive function of subject with NTG were evaluated using a comprehensive, computerized neurocognitive battery. Subjects with NTG do not perform worse than unaffected controls on tests of executive function, learning, and memory. Results do not support the hypothesis that individuals with NTG are at higher risk for cognitive dysfunction and/or dementia.     

斑点免疫酶渗滤法快速检测甲型流感病毒的临床应用

目的 明确快速筛查甲型流感病毒的方法.方法 收集2009年11月至2010年3月就诊于广州医学院第一附属医院发热门诊及中医科门诊40例流感样患者的鼻咽分泌物进行病毒检测,男18例,女22例,年龄5～62岁,平均年龄(31.3±13.2)岁.以2009年9月卫生部颁布的qRT-PCR方法检出甲型流感病毒作为诊断标准,比较2种快速病原检测法——斑点免疫酶渗滤法(DIEFA)和胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)对甲型流感病毒的检出率,以确定敏感性好、特异性高的方法为甲型流感病毒快速筛查法.结果 40例标本中,qRT-PCR检出甲型流感病毒21例,阳性率为52.5％;DIEFA检出甲型流感病毒22例,检出率为55.0％;GICA检出甲型流感病毒12例,检出率为30.0％.与qRT-PCR比较,DIEFA的灵敏度、特异性和一致性分别是85.7％、78.9％和82.5％,而GICA的灵敏度、特异性和一致性分别是42.8％、84.2％和62.5％.DIEFA对甲型流感病毒检出的灵敏度明显优于GICA(P＜0.05).结论 DIEFA方法检测甲型流感病毒具有灵敏度高及特异性好的优势,适用于流感流行季节对甲型流感病毒的快速诊断和筛查.     

Traditional uses,phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo: a review

Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo is a herbaceous plant of the family Lamiaceae, subfamily Lamioideae. Approximately, 127 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from L. rotata, including iridoids, flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, polysaccharides, and organic acids. These chemical constituents have extensive pharmacological properties, which include anti-nociceptive, haemostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cardio-protective activities. Documentation of its historical use in traditional medicine and contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological research indicate that L. rotata has significant potential in therapeutic and health care applications. Both whole extracts and individual chemical components isolated from this plant exhibit a wide range of biological activities that warrant further investigation. These investigations can be assisted by careful review of existing traditional knowledge from diverse cultural backgrounds. A new search for chemical and biological markers and reinforced protection of the germplasm resources of L. rotata are also important to ensure targeted and sustainable use of this medicinal resource. The aim of this review was to provide comprehensive information on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, ethnopharmacology, chemical and pharmacological properties, toxicity profile, and conservation status of L. rotata, to improve understanding of its mechanisms of action so that novel therapeutic agents may be developed from this plant.

The useful information of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo was summarized, which provided a basis for the development of new therapeutic drugs for this plant.