保留肋间臂神经在乳腺癌改良根治手术中的应用

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治手术中保留肋间臂神经的可行性和方法。方法乳腺癌患者78例，其中49例在改良根治术中保留肋间臂神经．29例未保留肋间臂神经。结果49例保留肋间臂神经的患者中，46例术后腋窝及上臂感觉良好．3例出现感觉障碍，但在短时间内恢复。未保留肋间臂神经的29例患者均出现不同程度的腋窝及上臂感觉障碍。经随访无1例出现局部复发。结论乳腺癌改良根治术中保留肋间臂神经可以预防术后腋窝及上臂感觉障碍的发生，不增加局部复发的风险，应成为乳腺癌改良根治手术的标准组成部分。     

放射治疗骨转移癌疼痛47例临床分析

目的 观察骨转移癌疼痛放射治疗方法对疼痛的缓解效果。方法47例患者60处骨转移灶均采用6 MV X线放射治疗。剂量方案采用两种方法:A方案:30—51 Gy/10～17f/2～4周,B方案:25～30 Gy/5—6f/1～2周。结果分次方案对疼痛缓解率无明显影响,总有效率均为91.5％,但常规分次放疗3～4次后疼痛缓解,而低分割放疗1—2次后疼痛即缓解。结论 骨转移癌放射治疗止痛效果确切、迅速,副作用小,对大部分病例可采用低分割方案。     

成人肾母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗(附9例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨成人肾母细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析9例成人肾母细胞瘤的临床表现、分期、治疗及预后。结果9例患者按照美国国家肾母细胞瘤研究组（National Wilms Tumor Study,NWTS）分期：Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例,Ⅳ期1例。9例均行肾切除术,其中术前分别辅以化疗1例、放疗1例、肾动脉介入栓塞化疗2例。9例术后辅以放疗和化疗。8例获得随访,随访1-6年,7例生存。结论成人肾母细胞瘤是一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤,早期诊断、手术治疗、辅以放疗和化疗等可明显提高治愈率并改善其预后。     

通心络对实验性大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠脑缺血微血管的保护作用

目的 观察通心络胶囊对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型大鼠脑缺血后微血管的保护作用.方法 清洁级雄性SD大鼠200只随机分为5组:假手术组只做颈总和颈内动脉分离和生理盐水灌胃;其余4组制备MCAO模型,其中MK-801组在造模成功后腹腔注射MK-801;通心络大、小剂量组均在造模成功后分别给予1.0 g·kg-1·d-1和0.5 g·kg-1·d-1通心络原粉水溶液灌胃;模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃.各组动物分别于术后6、12、24、48和72 h电镜观察皮质微血管超微结构改变、检测缺血脑皮质毛细血管通透性、免疫组化法测定大脑皮质Ⅷ因子和脑微血管周围IL-6、IL-1β蛋白表达.结果 电镜下观察,治疗组均能显著改善缺血后脑皮质微血管超微结构;模型组脑内伊文蓝含量明显增加(P＜0.01),通心络大剂量组在脑缺血12 h能显著降低其含量(P＜0.01),并且在24 h后较小剂量组、MK-801组降低明显(P＜0.01);模型组皮质中微血管数急剧减少(P＜0.01),治疗组各时间皮质中血管数均明显多于模型组(P＜0.01),其中通心络大剂量组的微血管数多于其他治疗组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);模型组脑皮质微血管周围IL-6及IL-1β表达升高(P＜0.01),分别于缺血后24和12 h达到高峰,各治疗组与模型组相比,IL-6表达明显升高(P＜0.01),而IL-1β表达明显降低(P＜0.01),其中通心络大剂量组最为明显(P＜0.01).结论 通心络胶囊可从多角度对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型大鼠脑缺血微血管损伤进行保护.     

显微镜下直切口锁孔微创治疗高血压性脑出血

目的探讨显微镜下直切口锁孔微创治疗高血压性脑出血的价值。方法根据CT提示血肿在头皮的投影设计手术切口部位，通过4～5cm皮肤直切口，直径2cm的骨窗，切开皮层到达血肿腔清除血肿。结果血肿完全清除17例，18例清除率达到90％，4例清除率达到80％。术后再出血2例。4例术后3周内死亡：2例死于循环呼吸功能衰竭，1例死于脑干功能衰竭，1例死于消化道出血，手术死亡率10．2％（4／39）。35例随访0．5—3年，平均2．1年，术后6个月ADL分级：1级9例，2级12例，3级9例，4级4例，5级1例，死亡4例。结论显微镜下直切口锁孔微创技术是一种快速、有效和安全的治疗高血压性脑出血的手术方法，可以解除血肿的占位压迫效应，有效止血，防止再出血，效果满意。     

Evaluating therapeutic outcome in epileptic patients using the changes of interval and duration

BACKGROUND: Seizure frequency is in abnormal distribution, and it is not enough to express the trend of concentration using means, and its median loses a lot of information, thus it lacks of a standard for evaluating the therapeutic effects based on seizure frequency. OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for evaluating the therapeutic effects on anti-epileptic drugs using changes of interval and duration of seizure. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients and inpatients suffering from epilepsy attending firstly visited Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital from June 2001 to June 2002 were enrolled. They were diagnosed as epileptic according to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizure by International League Against Epilepsy (1981) based on the clinical history, physical examination, and investigations. The interval time was no more than 6 months. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects, and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. METHODS: ① For the first visit and each follow-up, the following data were recorded, including general demographic information, seizure type, the date and time of ictus, the duration of ictus, and inducement or situation related, according to which the following indexes could be calculated, including seizure styles, interval, duration, cluster frequency and cluster duration. The information from the first review was noted as annals A. The second interview was taken at the end of the evaluating period; the information from the second review was noted as annals B. The third interview was taken within two weeks after the second one; the information from the third review was noted as annals C. The annals B or the annals C were respectively compared with the annals A in the light of the same types or the same styles of the same patient. Summation of the scores of interval change and duration change of the same type or the same style and 5 of basic score was the score of a corresponding seizure type or a corresponding style of one patient. In order to test its reliability and validity, the score of change of frequency or duration plus 5 scores respectively was the score of frequency or duration. ② Reliability and validity were tested by calculating corresponding correlation coefficient with SPSS 11.0. ROC curve was used for developing diagnostic criterion of predicting therapeutic effects with SPSS 11.0. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Reliability and validity; ② Diagnostic criterion for predicting therapeutic effects one year later. RESULTS: Totally 28 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Reliability and validity were high: rinter-rater=0.98, rtest-retest=0.99, rconstruct validity=0.83. ② A total score > 6 was the optimal diagnostic criteria for predicting therapeutic effects one year later, in other words, a patient who scored more than 6 at the evaluating period may be seizure-free one year later. CONCLUSION: It is a potential tool for evaluating epileptic therapeutic outcome, and it can be diffusely used in interrelated fields after being further validated.     

月桂氮(艹卓)酮的抑菌作用观察

月桂氮Ｚｈｕｏ酮（氮酮）作为一种高效透皮吸收促进剂，已广泛应用于医药化妆品等领域，本实验中发现，氮酮在２０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度下，对Ｇ＾＋细菌及芽孢具有显著的抑制作用。     

胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤前后路手术适应证的选择

目的 通过107例胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤病例的治疗,探讨前、后路手术适应证的选择。方法 31例经前路减压植骨,采用Z-Plate等内固定。76例经后路采用短节段椎弓根钉内固定。结果 两组均获得了满意的疗效。结论 选择前或后路手术,应综合考虑脊髓损伤程度、手术时机与技巧、骨折的部位、骨折类型和影像结果等,才能确实做到减压、恢复脊柱序列和坚强固定的目的。     

寒冷干燥地区平时火器伤的早期处理

目的　探讨寒冷干燥地区平时火器伤伤情特点与早期救治方法。方法　对 1991年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 12月间 40例火器伤病人的临床救治进行回顾分析。结果　 2 4例枪伤中 ,2 0例一期缝合伤口 ,均一期愈合 ,另外 4例只清创未一期缝合的伤口 ,3例愈合 ,1例感染 ;4例骨折内固定均愈合良好 ,无骨髓炎发生。 16例炸伤病人局部软组织损伤及污染比枪弹伤重 ,14例一期缝合伤口中 ,10例一期愈合 ,4例感染 ,骨折内固定 2例 ,均愈合良好 ,无骨髓炎发生。结论　寒冷干燥地区火器伤早期伤道清创时限可适当延长 ,在平时火器伤的救治中 ,对软组织条件较好的创面 ,早期清创后可一期闭合伤口和骨折内固定 ,这样可减少感染和伤残 ,促进康复     

一些保肝药物对原代培养大鼠肝细胞糖原合成功能的影响

本文参照PO Seglen的方法并加以修改,建立了原代培养大鼠肝细胞糖原合成功能的测定体系。观察到联苯双酯既能使正常肝细胞合成糖原增加88%,又能保护肝细胞完全拮抗四氯化碳对其功能的损伤;银耳多糖能使四氯化碳对肝细胞糖原合成功能的损伤减轻57%;去甲斑蝥素10μg/ml能增加肝细胞糖原合成,浓度增加到100μg/ml时,此作用减弱,1000μg/ml则明显抑制糖原的合成,而且在10～100μg/ml浓度时,即能加强四氯化碳的损伤作用;100μg/ml CL₁₅₀₀和熊果酸二钠单独应用可增加肝细胞糖原合成,但与四氯化碳同时应用,反而加重对糖原合成的抑制作用。