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101.
102.
Over the past two decades there has been a growing awareness of the comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders in the general population. The purpose of these analyses was to examine, in a population of drug users, the role of gender in (1) predicting the nature of the traumatic event and PTSD symptoms, (2) patterns of substance use disorders in relation to trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, (3) comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders with trauma exposure and PTSD, and (4) the temporal association of substance use disorder, exposure to trauma, and PTSD. Drug abusers (n = 464) were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-III-R (DIS) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM). Although more women than men met criteria for DSM-III-R PTSD, there were no gender differences on endorsement for a traumatic event. Adult antisocial behavior, affective disorder, schizophrenia, other anxiety disorder and polysubstance use predicted exposure to an event, whereas, only schizophrenia and other anxiety disorder predicted PTSD. In men, drug use preceded the exposure to an event, while in women, the onset age for both drug use and exposure to an event were nearly identical. This work suggests implications for gender-based education and prevention interventions. 相似文献
103.
104.
Resistance of Copenhagen rats to chemical induction of glutathione S- transferase 7-7-positive liver foci 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Copenhagen (Cop) rats are completely resistant to the chemical induction of
mammary adenocarcinomas, but their susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis
is virtually unknown. Rat liver is a well- characterized and easily
manipulated tissue in which to study carcinogenesis. Therefore, if Cop rats
are resistant to hepatocarcinogenesis, studies into resistance mechanisms
may be feasible. Male Cop and F344 rats, 7-8 weeks old, were initiated
using either N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or a two-thirds
partial hepatectomy (PH) followed by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (60
mg/kg, i.p.). The rats were then promoted using a modified resistant
hepatocyte (RH) protocol (a combination of four doses of 2-
acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and a single dose of CCl4 that provides a
selective mitotic stimulus for initiated cells). Six weeks after initiation
the rats were killed and liver sections were stained for glutathione
S-transferase 7-7 (GST 7-7), a marker for putative preneoplastic
hepatocytes. Cop rats were found to be highly resistant, having a
approximately 9- and approximately 27-fold smaller percentage of liver area
occupied by GST 7-7-positive foci than susceptible F344 rats following
initiation by DEN and MNU respectively. Furthermore, gross liver nodules
did not form in any of the Cop rats, whereas all F344 rat livers contained
nodules. Hepatic necrosis caused by DEN during initiation, and CCl4 during
promotion is necessary to stimulate compensatory hepatocyte division. We
demonstrated that these agents do indeed increase serum transaminase levels
and produce histologic evidence of necrosis in Cop rats. In order for liver
foci to grow rapidly in the RH protocol, the surrounding normal hepatocytes
must be mito-inhibited by 2-AAF. We found that the degree of
mito-inhibition of normal hepatocytes by 2-AAF is the same in Cop and F344
rats. These results show that the Cop rat is highly resistant to the
chemical induction of putative preneoplastic liver foci and nodules.
相似文献
105.
106.
PG GIBSON JE STUART J WLODARCZYK LG OLSON MJ HENSLEY 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1996,32(2):143-147
Objective : Chronic middle ear disease is common in Aboriginal children, and may be linked to nasal inflammation and Eustachian tube dysfunction. The pattern of nasal inflammation is unknown. The study reported here was performed to define the role of allergy and infection in causing nasal inflammation in Aboriginal children with chronic middle ear disease.
Methodology : Thirty-one Aboriginal children aged between 3 and 7 years underwent clinical assessment, audiometry and allergy skin tests. Nasal swabs for bacterial culture and cytology were performed during the winter and again in spring to identify any seasonal variation. A randomized trial of nasal beclomethasone for 8 weeks was conducted in children with abnormal tympanometry to identify the effect of therapy upon nasal cytology.
Results : Twenty-six of the 31 children had abnormal tympanograms. Average hearing levels were reduced in nine children. Pathogenic organisms were isolated from most children: Streptococcus pneumoniae (82%), Haemophilus influenzae (79%), Moraxella catarrhalis (39%) and Staphylococcus aureus (29%). Eight of the 31 children (26%) were atopic. Nasal cytology disclosed a marked neutrophil infiltrate (80% of cells) during the winter, which fell significantly in spring to 52% of cells. Only two subjects had nasal eosinophilia of >10%. There was no effect of beclomethasone on nasal cytology.
Conclusions : Chronic ear disease in Aboriginal children is associated with nasal inflammation, neutrophil infiltration and the presence of bacteria. These features suggest respiratory infection as the main cause of chronic nasal inflammation in Aboriginal children with middle ear disease. There is a seasonal variation in the severity of the nasal infiltrate, consistent with increased infections during winter. Despite a high prevalence of atopy, allergic nasal disease was uncommon. 相似文献
Methodology : Thirty-one Aboriginal children aged between 3 and 7 years underwent clinical assessment, audiometry and allergy skin tests. Nasal swabs for bacterial culture and cytology were performed during the winter and again in spring to identify any seasonal variation. A randomized trial of nasal beclomethasone for 8 weeks was conducted in children with abnormal tympanometry to identify the effect of therapy upon nasal cytology.
Results : Twenty-six of the 31 children had abnormal tympanograms. Average hearing levels were reduced in nine children. Pathogenic organisms were isolated from most children: Streptococcus pneumoniae (82%), Haemophilus influenzae (79%), Moraxella catarrhalis (39%) and Staphylococcus aureus (29%). Eight of the 31 children (26%) were atopic. Nasal cytology disclosed a marked neutrophil infiltrate (80% of cells) during the winter, which fell significantly in spring to 52% of cells. Only two subjects had nasal eosinophilia of >10%. There was no effect of beclomethasone on nasal cytology.
Conclusions : Chronic ear disease in Aboriginal children is associated with nasal inflammation, neutrophil infiltration and the presence of bacteria. These features suggest respiratory infection as the main cause of chronic nasal inflammation in Aboriginal children with middle ear disease. There is a seasonal variation in the severity of the nasal infiltrate, consistent with increased infections during winter. Despite a high prevalence of atopy, allergic nasal disease was uncommon. 相似文献
107.
Histidinaemia is a relatively common inherited metabolic disorder with an incidence similar to phenylketonuria. This paper reports the long term outcome of patients diagnosed by newborn screening in the north west of England. Between 1966 and 1990, 108 infants were diagnosed as having histidinaemia by a regional neonatal screening programme (incidence 1:11,083). A further five children were detected following diagnosis in a sibling. Of the 113, nine were lost to follow up. Infants diagnosed before 1981 (n = 47) were placed on a low histidine diet (225 mg/kg/d) for an average period of 21 months (SD 4.5). All patients were reviewed regularly, Griffiths developmental quotients (DQ) were assessed at 2 and 4 years, and WISC-R intelligence quotients (IQ) at 8, 12, and 18 years. IQ data were converted to standard deviation scores (IQ SDS) to account for increasing IQ norms with time. Neither DQ nor IQ correlated with plasma histidine at diagnosis or with the mean plasma histidine throughout life. Growth was normal in all patients. There was no apparent benefit from a low histidine diet in early childhood. In contrast to other studies, there was no excess of clinical symptoms. On the basis of these findings, histidinaemia is a benign metabolic disorder that does not require treatment. 相似文献
108.
A premature infant developed pericardial effusion four days after the insertion of a 25-gauge silastic percutaneous central venous catheter. The effusion contained parenteral nutrition fluid and resolved rapidly after withdrawal of the catheter. Pericardial effusion is a potential complication of percutaneous, as well as surgically placed, central venous catheters. 相似文献
109.
Treatment of intrahepatic malignancy with radiofrequency ablation: radiologic-pathologic correlation 总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF)-induced tissue coagulation represents a new approach for the thermal destruction of tumors within the liver. The purpose of the current study was to 1) assess technique safety; 2) determine the extent and evolution of induced cellular damage; and 3) correlate the observed pathologic effects with radiologic studies. METHODS: Twenty-three tumors measuring = 8 cm (19 colorectal metastases and 4 hepatomas) in 22 patients were treated with RF (range, 500-1550 milliamperes) using internally cooled electrodes. All treated tumors were resected to allow pathologic analysis. Eleven tumors were treated intraoperatively under ultrasonographic guidance and excised immediately. Twelve tumors were treated percutaneously using ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) guidance and subsequently were excised 3-7 days after ablation. Contrast-enhanced CT (n = 12) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 2) were performed after ablation of all percutaneously treated patients. RESULTS: Tumors treated intraoperatively did not demonstrate definitive coagulative necrosis. However, pathologic abnormalities suggestive of tissue injury were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and absent cytosolic and mitochondrial enzyme activity suggested irreversible cellular damage. In contrast, specimens removed > 3 days after ablation showed definite, contiguous coagulative necrosis without intervening areas of viable tumor. CT and MRI scans demonstrated circumscribed hypodense, nonenhancing regions surrounding the electrode tract as early as 15 minutes after ablation. These corresponded within 2 mm to measurements of coagulation at pathology. CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation is a minimally invasive and safe approach to the treatment of tumors in the liver. Tumors treated with RF energy do not immediately demonstrate coagulative necrosis, but do show evidence of irreversible cellular damage. The extent of tumor necrosis correlates closely with findings at contrast-enhanced imaging. 相似文献
110.
TAYLOR JE; CALNE RY; STEWART WK 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1991,80(3):771-775
A patient with cystic kidney disease of adult onset and severecystic hepatomegaly is presented. The patient was severely disabledsolely by her abdominal bulk. Simultaneous liver and renal transplantationwas undertaken successfully. 相似文献