时辰药物治疗学研究状况

随着对一些疾病日节律性的研究加深,时辰药物治疗越来越受到重视。为此本文从高血压、肿瘤、哮喘等治疗药入手,对相关时辰药物治疗的情况作一综述。     

Antidiarrhoeal effects of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract in experimental animals

The aqueous extract of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum was screened for antidiarrhoeal effects. The extract inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats as judged by a decrease in the number of wet faeces in the extract-treated rats. In addition, the extract inhibited the propulsive movement of intestinal contents. On the isolated ileum of guinea-pig, the extract showed no direct action; however, it reduced the responses of the guinea-pig ileum to acetylcholine, nicotine and histamine. Phytochemical tests revealed the main constituents as tannins, steroids, triterpenoid and carbohydrates. These findings suggested that the aqueous extract of the leaves of O. gratissimum might elicit an antidiarrhoeal effect by inhibiting intestinal motility, partly via muscarinic receptor inhibition.     

Tacrine does not alter the potency of succinylcholine in the rat

Purpose

Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to manage Alzheimer’s dementia. Giveniv, it prolongs succinylcholine blockade in humans but the effects of chronic oral tacrine are not known.

Methods

Groups of adult rats were given 2.5 mg · kg^?1 tacrine (chronic groups) or 1 ml saline (control) twice daily by gavage for one, two, four or eight weeks. An additional (acute) group received 2.5 mg · kg^?1 tacrineiv. Twelve to 18 hr after the last gavage of tacrine or saline, and ~20 min afteriv tacrine, cumulative dose-response curves of succinylcholine were determined in the tibialis and soleus muscles in anaesthetized, ventilated rats during monitoring of evoked twitch response to indirect (nerve) train-of-four stimulation.

Results

The ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ of succinylcholine in control rats were (mean ± SD) 204 ± 41 and 382 ± 96 μg · kg^?1 respectively, in the tibialis muscle, and 280 ± 52 and 629 ± 168 μg · kg^?1 in the soleus muscle (P < 0.05 between muscles). In the acute and chronic tacrine groups, the mean ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ ranged from 166–197 and 277–396 μg · kg^?1, respectively, in the tibialis muscle, and 248–333 and 546–667 μg · kg^?1, in the soleus muscle. Dose responses did not differ among acute and chronic tacrine groups and the control group.

Conclusion

Chronic oral tacrine does not alter muscle response to succinylcholine in the rat. This may not apply to Alzheimer patients receiving chronic tacrine since the interaction between acute tacrine and succinylcholine in the rat differs from that in humans.     

Effect of community-based nutritional counseling intervention on children's eating habits

Aim:This study aimed to assess the outcome of community-based nutritional counseling interventions on eating habits of rural-dwelling children.Methods:A group-randomized trial design was used in this study. A total of 108 rural-dwelling children from a community in the Enugu North agricultural zone, Enugu State, who participated in the study. The children were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the treatment group (n = 54) and the no-treatment control group (n = 54). The child eating behavior questionnaire was used for data collection. Parents of the participating children within each study group completed the child eating behavior questionnaire at 3 time points. The data collected were analyzed using an independent sample t test at a probability level of .05.Result:The outcome of the study showed that the children''s eating habits in the treatment group improved positively following the community-based nutritional counseling intervention. The positive gain from exposure to the community-based nutritional counseling intervention program was sustained during follow-up for children in the treatment group compared with the no-treatment group.Conclusion:The community-based nutrition counseling intervention carried out among children in rural communities had a positive adjustment in children''s eating habits. The intervention requires the constant collaboration of professional childhood educators, caregivers, home economists, school staff, healthcare specialists, families, and the children themselves. Furthermore, there is a need for future long-term evaluations of the effects of community-based nutritional counseling interventions on children''s nutrition and eating habits.     

牙胚细胞的分离培养

目的：分离培养牙胚细胞。方法：选择出生后（PN）8天的SD大鼠,从第一磨牙牙胚上撕脱牙囊和成釉器组织,切取牙胚颈部组织,剁离牙乳头组织,分别进行细胞培养,通过差速消化法分离符种牙胚细胞。结果：牙囊、牙乳头、成釉器和上皮根鞘细胞被分离纯化出来。结论：利用差速消化法可同时分离培养4种主要的牙胍细胞。     

非疫区33例布鲁菌病误诊分析

目的探讨降低布鲁菌病误诊率的临床措施。方法对兰陵县人民医院2010年1月至2013年12月中33例布鲁菌病误诊患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 33例布鲁菌病被误诊为败血症8例、伤寒8例、睾丸炎7例、风湿性关节炎5例、肺炎2例、肾综合征出血热（HFRS）2例、肺结核1例,确诊后经规范治疗均治愈出院。结论布鲁菌病容易被误诊,临床医生要拓宽思路,熟练掌握有相似症状、体征的发热性疾病,综合分析,降低误诊率。     

Effect of aging on glucuronidation of valproic acid in human liver microsomes and the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A4, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10

Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used anticonvulsant that is also approved for mood disorders, bipolar depression, and migraine. In vivo, valproate is metabolized oxidatively by cytochromes P450 and beta-oxidation, as well as conjugatively via glucuronidation. The acyl glucuronide conjugate (valproate-glucuronide or VPAG) is the major urinary metabolite (30-50% of the dose). It has been hypothesized that glucuronidation of antiepileptic drugs is spared over age, despite a known decrease in liver mass. The formation rates of VPAG in a bank of elderly (65 years onward) human liver microsomes (HLMs) were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and compared with those in a younger (2-56 years) HLM bank. In vitro kinetic studies with recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) were completed. A 5- to 8-fold variation for the formation of VPAG was observed within the microsomal bank obtained from elderly and younger donors. VPAG formation ranged from 6.0 to 53.4 nmol/min/mg protein at 1 mM substrate concentration (n=36). The average velocities at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM VPA were 7.0, 13.4, and 25.4 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, in the elderly HLM bank. Rates of VPAG formation were not significantly different in the HLM bank obtained from younger subjects. Intrinsic clearances (V(max)/K(m)) for several cloned, expressed UGTs were determined. UGT1A4, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10 also were found to catalyze the formation of VPAG in vitro. This is the first reported activity of these UGTs toward VPA glucuronidation. UGT2B7 had the highest intrinsic clearance, whereas UGT1A1 demonstrated no activity. In conclusion, our investigation revealed no differences in VPAG formation in younger versus elderly HMLs and revealed three other UGTs that form VPAG in vitro.     

囊性肾癌的影像学诊断分析

目的 认识囊性肾癌的影像学特征，提高对囊性肾癌的早期诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析1998年6月～2006年6月收治的21例囊性肾癌患者的影像学及临床资料。21例患者均经手术．和病理证实。结果 常规超声联合彩色多普勒超声的诊断准确率为86％；增强CT的诊断准确率为81％；二者联合诊断准确率为100％。结论 囊性肾癌影像学表现复杂多变，常规超声联合彩色多普勒超声和增强CT对囊性肾癌的诊断有重要价值。根治性肾切除术是囊性肾癌的首选治疗方法。     

Role of beta blockers in congestive heart failure

Prolonged activation of the adrenergic nervous system has adverse consequences on the cardiovascular system in patients with congestive heart failure. Beta adrenergic receptor-blocker therapy modifies these deleterious effects. Beta blockers have been shown to improve myocardial function and survival when used in conjunction with conventional treatment with diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and digoxin. Beta blocker therapy in mild-to-moderate heart failure should not be delayed because it causes some reversal of both neurohormonal compensatory mechanisms and the deleterious myocardial remodeling process. This paper reviews the beneficial effects of beta adrenergic receptor-blocker therapy on the pathophysiology, symptoms, left ventricular function, morbidity, and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.