高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离预后相关因素分析

目的 分析高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD-CD） 患者的预后相关因素。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2004-2018年北京同仁医院高度近视合并RRD-CD患者占836例。方法 回顾北京同仁医院住院HIS系统,收集高度近视合并RRD-CD手术治疗患者临床资料。随访6个月视网膜复位为复位组,发生视网膜再脱离为未复位组。采用Logistic回归法分析视网膜脱离复发的危险因素。主要指标 手术成功率及复发危险因素。结果 共纳入高度近视合并RRD-CD患者836例,平均年龄（56.51±12.14）岁;男性518例（61.9%）,右眼发病434例 （51.9%）。视网膜脱离未复位为22.7%,与视网膜复位患者相比,未复位患者年龄较轻,术前视力、眼轴、晶状体状态、视网膜裂孔、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）等级及手术方式等差异均有统计学意义,其中年龄〔优势比（OR）=0.972,95%可信区间（95%CI）,0.967~0.989〕,术前视力光感（OR=1.898,95%CI为1.297~2.777）,人工晶状体眼（OR=1.860,95%CI为1.255~2.758）,眼轴>30 mm（OR=1.718,95%CI为1.240~2.379）,巨大视网膜裂孔（OR=2.464,95%CI为1.495~4.063）及PVR D级（OR=1.551,95%CI为1.046~2.300）为视网膜脱离未复位的危险因素。结论 高度近视合并RRD-CD患者男性比例大,中年发病、超高度近视、人工晶状体眼、巨大视网膜裂孔及PVD D级患者首次手术成功率低,视网膜脱离易复发。（眼科,2021,30： 42-46）     

年龄相关性白内障患者14万例角膜前表面散光的分布特征

目的分析中国18家医院的14万例年龄相关性白内障患者角膜前表面散光的分布特征。方法回顾性系列病例研究。连续性收集2015年7月至2018年10月于中国18家爱尔眼科医院就诊的40岁以上年龄相关性白内障患者143889例(143889只右眼)的眼部生物学参数资料。角膜前表面散光度数和轴向、前房深度、角膜屈光力、眼轴长度等眼球参数采用IOLMaster 500测量,获取3次测量结果的平均值。各医院将资料整理分析后提交给武汉爱尔眼科医院进行总体分析。非正态分布数据以M(P25~P75)表示;采用Mann-Whitney检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验、χ²检验等分析角膜前表面散光度数和轴向在不同性别、年龄、前房深度、角膜屈光力、眼轴长度中的分布差异。结果143889例患者中女性84319例,男性59570例;年龄为72(65~78)岁;角膜散光度数为0.84(0.51~1.33)D,散光度数≥0.75 D者80895例(56.22%),散光度数≥1.00 D者57304例(39.83%)。女性角膜散光度数为0.87(0.53~1.37)D,男性为0.82(0.50~1.29)D(U=-14.891);女性顺规散光比例为33.26%(28046/84319),逆规散光比例为49.08%(41385/84319);男性顺规散光比例为34.26%(20408/59570),逆规散光比例为46.91%(27945/59570)(χ²=70.913),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。随年龄增加,角膜散光度数先由0.94(0.57~1.48)D减少至0.75(0.46~1.18)D,后又增大至1.19(0.74~1.79)D,差异有统计学意义(H=1263.438,P<0.05),变化的转折在61~70岁。随着年龄的增大,顺规散光比例减小[由77.50%(396/511)减少至12.50%(3/24)],逆规散光比例增大[由11.15%(57/511)增大至79.07%(34/43)],斜向散光比例变化不大[17.02%(16/94)至19.92%(245/1230)],分布差异有统计学意义(χ²=10174.496,P<0.05)。前房越浅,角膜散光度数越大,由0.82(0.51~1.31)D增大至1.05(0.61~1.56)D;逆规散光比例越大,由47.32%(60207/127227)增大至51.69%(184/356),差异均有统计学意义(H=409.961,χ2=120.995;均P<0.05)。平均角膜屈光力越大,角膜散光度数越大,由0.80(0.49~1.33)D增大至0.95(0.58~1.53)D;逆规散光比例越小,由52.84%(4963/9392)减小至39.97%(9023/22577),差异均有统计学意义(H=808.562,χ²=752.147;均P<0.05)。不同眼轴长度相比,当眼轴长度>25.00 mm时,角膜散光度数最大,为1.04(0.62~1.65)D;逆规散光比例最大,为49.00%(10964/22376),差异均有统计学意义(H=2071.198,χ²=131.130;均P<0.05)。结论年龄相关性白内障患者角膜前表面散光轴向以逆规散光为主。随着年龄的增大,角膜散光度数有先减小后增加的趋势。65岁为顺规散光向逆规散光变化的转折点。前房越浅,角膜前表面散光度数以及逆规散光比例越大。当眼轴长度>25.00 mm时,角膜前表面散光度数和逆规散光比例最大。     

FS-LASIK与FS-LASIK联合快速角膜胶原交联术矫正高度近视术后早期屈光度及角膜高阶像差比较

目的：比较飞秒激光辅助的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)与FS-LASIK联合快速角膜胶原交联术(FS-LASIK Xtra)矫正高度近视术后早期屈光度及角膜高阶像差变化特点,评估两种术式矫正高度近视的早期效果。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。纳入2019-04/2020-04在我院进行FS-LASIK Xtra及FS-LASIK的高度近视患者42例84眼,每组各21例42眼,术后随访3mo,比较两组患者术后裸眼视力(UCVA)、等效球镜(SE)、散光度及角膜高阶像差。

结果：FS-LASIK Xtra组患者术后1d UCVA(LogMAR)低于FS-LASIK组(P<0.01),其余时间点两组间比较均无差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后SE均较术前明显降低,术后3mo,FS-LASIK Xtra组有38眼(90%)、FS-LASIK组有41眼(98%)术眼SE在±1.00D以内。两组患者术后均有35眼(83%)的术眼残余散光在0.50D以内。两组术后3mo角膜总高阶像差、球差、彗差及三叶草差均较术前增大,FS-LASIK Xtra组总高阶像差及三叶草差大于FS-LASIK组(均P<0.05)。

结论：FS-LASIK与FS-LASIK Xtra矫正高度近视在术后早期均具有较好的有效性和可预测性,术后早期角膜总高阶像差均增加,且行FS-LASIK Xtra增加更显著。     

Rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty versus punch punctoplasty with silicone intubation for acquired external punctal stenosis: a prospective randomized comparative study

Xuan Liao. Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 Mao Yuan Nan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China. aleexand@163.com     

Patterned nanofiber air filters with high optical transparency,robust mechanical strength,and effective PM2.5 capture capability

PM_2.5, due to its small particle size, strong activity, ease of the attachment of toxic substances and long residence time in the atmosphere, has a great impact on human health and daily production. In this work, we have presented patterned nanofiber air filters with high optical transparency, robust mechanical strength and effective PM_2.5 capture capability. Here, to fabricate a transparency air filter by a facile electrospinning method, we chose three kinds of patterned wire meshes with micro-structures as negative receiver substrates and directly electrospun polymer fibers onto the supporting meshes. Compared with randomly oriented nanofibers (named “RO NFs” in this paper) and commercially available facemasks, the patterned air filters showed great mechanical properties, and the water contact angles on their surfaces were about 122–143° (the water contact angle for RO NFs was 81°). In addition, the patterned nanofibers exhibited high porosity (>80%), and their mean pore size was about 0.5838–0.8686 μm (the mean pore size of RO NFs was 0.4374 μm). The results indicate that the transparent patterned air filters have the best PM_2.5 filtration efficiency of 99.99% at a high transmittance of ∼69% under simulated haze pollution.

PM_2.5, due to its small particle size, strong activity, ease of the attachment of toxic substances and long residence time in the atmosphere, has a great impact on human health and daily production.     

pH-Dependent transfer hydrogenation or dihydrogen release catalyzed by a [(η6-arene)RuCl(κ2-N,N-dmobpy)]+ complex: a DFT mechanistic understanding

The reaction mechanism of the pH-dependent transfer hydrogenation of a ketone or the dehydrogenation of formic acid catalyzed by a [(η⁶-arene)RuCl(κ²-N,N-dmobpy)]⁺ complex in aqueous media has been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The TM-catalyzed TH of ketones with formic acid as the hydrogen source proceeds via two steps: the formation of a metal hydride and the transfer of the hydride to the substrate ketone. The calculated results show that ruthenium hydride formation is the rate-determining step. This proceeds via an ion-pair mechanism with an energy barrier of 14.1 kcal mol⁻¹. Interestingly, the dihydrogen release process of formic acid and the hydride transfer process that produces alcohols are competitive under different pH environments. The investigation explores the feasibility of the two pathways under different pH environments. Under acidic conditions (pH = 4), the free energy barrier of the dihydrogen release pathway is 4.5 kcal mol⁻¹ that is higher than that of the hydride transfer pathway, suggesting that the hydride transfer pathway is more favorable than the dihydrogen release pathway. However, under strongly acidic conditions, the dihydrogen release pathway is more favorable compared to the hydride transfer pathway. In addition, the ruthenium hydride formation pathway is less favorable than the ruthenium hydroxo complex formation pathway under basic conditions.

A DFT mechanistic study has been performed to unveil the nature of preference of transfer hydrogenation of ketones and dihydrogen release catalyzed by single-site cyclometallated ruthenium complexes under different pH environments.     

MOF-derived ZnCo2O4 porous micro-rice with enhanced electro-catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction and glucose oxidation

A porous ZnCo₂O₄ micro-rice like microstructure was synthesized via calcination of a Zn–Co MOF precursor at an appropriate temperature. The as-prepared ZnCo₂O₄ sample presented good electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction performance with a small overpotential (η₁₀ = 389 mV) and high stability in basic electrolyte. Furthermore, in basic medium, the as-synthesized ZnCo₂O₄ micro-rice also showed good electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation. A ZnCo₂O₄ micro-rice modified glass carbon electrode may be used as a potential non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The excellent electrocatalytic OER and glucose oxidation performances of ZnCo₂O₄ might be attributed to the unique porous structure formed by the nanoparticles. The porous architecture of the micro-rice can provide a large number of electrocatalytically active sites and high electrochemical surface area (ECSA). The result may offer a new way to prepare low-cost and high performance oxygen evolution reaction and glucose oxidation electrocatalysts.

A porous ZnCo₂O₄ micro-rice like microstructure was synthesized via calcination of a Zn–Co MOF precursor at an appropriate temperature.     

Synthesis of a fine LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries via a solvothermal route and its improved high-temperature cyclic performance

Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are conventionally synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. However, the co-precipitation of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Al³⁺ is difficult to control because the three ions have different solubility product constants. This study proposes a new synthetic route of NCA, which allows fabrication of fine and well-constructed NCA cathode materials by a high temperature solid-state reaction assisted by a fast solvothermal process. The capacity of the LiNi_0.88Co_0.09Al_0.03O₂ as-synthesized by the solvothermal method was 154.6 mA h g⁻¹ at 55 °C after 100 cycles, corresponding to 75.93% retention. In comparison, NCA prepared by the co-precipitation method delivered only 130.3 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles, with a retention of 63.31%. Therefore, the fast solvothermal process-assisted high temperature solid-state method is a promising candidate for synthesizing high-performance NCA cathode materials.

Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are conventionally synthesized by chemical co-precipitation.     

Preparation of environmentally friendly acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives by bulk photopolymerization and their performance

Polyacrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on butyl acrylate (BA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and acrylic acid (AA) were prepared by a bulk polymerization process triggered by a radical photoinitiator under UV irradiation and UV-crosslinking. 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) with difunctional groups was introduced into the PSAs to modify semi-interpenetrating network structures. The effect of HDDA content on the pressure-sensitive performance was comprehensively tested. The viscosity of the prepolymer was measured by a rotational viscometer. Prepolymers obtained by a photoinduced process and UV crosslinking process were confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). All double bonds participated in the copolymerization without any remaining monomers, which reflected the concept of green environmental protection. Gel content in the crosslinked portion was examined by Soxhlet extraction, whilst the soluble molecular weight of PSAs was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The viscoelastic properties of polymer films were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The T_g value and storage modulus (G′) of the PSAs were enhanced with the addition of HDDA. Moreover, three fundamental adhesive properties, i.e. loop tack force, peel force and shear strength of PSAs, were measured. The results showed that UV crosslinking technology achieved a good balance of the three forces with excellent pressure-sensitive properties.

Polyacrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives based on butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid were prepared by a bulk polymerization process triggered by a radical photoinitiator under UV irradiation and UV-crosslinking.