安罗替尼对人肾癌细胞ACHN增殖和迁移的抑制作用

目的 观察安罗替尼(anlotinib)对人肾癌细胞增殖和迁移能力的影响,探讨其抑制肾癌细胞生长、迁移能力的机制,以及在肾癌治疗领域的临床应用前景.方法 体外培养肾癌ACHN细胞,采用不同浓度(0、1.25、2.5、5和10 μmol/L)的安罗替尼处理ACHN细胞24、48和72h,MTT法检测安罗替尼对ACHN细胞增殖的影响,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50);划痕修复实验检测安罗替尼对ACHN细胞迁移能力的作用,计算迁移率;克隆形成实验检测细胞贴壁后细胞的成活能力,计算克隆数目;Western印迹法检测安罗替尼对PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白表达和活性的影响,用灰度分析方法计算其灰度值.结果 安罗替尼能显著抑制ACHN细胞增殖,具有明显的浓度依赖性;与对照组相比,安罗替尼处理后,能明显抑制ACHN细胞的克隆形成、迁移和信号通路相关蛋白的活化(P＜0.05).结论 安罗替尼能显著抑制人肾癌ACHN细胞的增殖、克隆形成和迁移能力,其机制与PI3K信号通路的抑制相关.     

Establishment and Evaluation of a Simplified Evaluation System of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Purpose

In recent years, a variety of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) evaluation systems have been developed worldwide; however, they are not so convenient for the doctors clinically, we decided to establish and evaluate a simplified evaluation system of ARDS (SESARDS).

Materials and Methods

Data from 140 ARDS patients (derivation data set) were collected to screen for prognostic factors affecting outcomes in ARDS patients. By logistic regression analysis, scores were allocated to corresponding intervals of the variables, respectively, by means of analysis of the frequency distribution to establish a preliminary scoring system. Based on this primary scoring system, a definitive evaluation scheme was created through consultation with a panel of experts. The scores for the validation data set (92 cases) were assigned and calculated by their predictive mortality with the SESARDS and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II). The performance of SESARDS was compared with that of APACHE II by means of statistical analysis.

Results

The factors of age, pH, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), oxygenation index (OI), and the lobes of lung were associated with prognosis of ARDS respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of SESARDS for the validation data set were 96.43% and 58.33%, respectively. On the AUC, no significant difference between APACHE II and SESARDS was detected. There were no significant differences between the prediction and the actuality obtained by SESARDS for the validation data set the SESARDS scores were positively correlated with the actual mortality.

Conclusion

SESARDS was shown to be simple, accurate and effective in predicting ARDS progression.     

Impact of Environmental Factors on Efficacy of Glucocorticoids in Chinese Population with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective in inducing remission in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, there is a significant variation in response to therapeutic GCs, and some patients do not achieve full remission. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of environmental factors on the efficacy of GCs in a Chinese population with SLE. This was a prospective cohort study, and a total of 260 SLE patients treated with GCs (prednisone) were followed up for 12 weeks. The efficacy of GCs was measured with the scores on SLE disease activity index. Environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. Single-variable analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to discriminate the impact of environmental factors on the efficacy of GCs. Two hundred forty-seven patients (95.00 %) completed the 12-week follow-up. Among these patients, 131 (53.04 %) were classified into sensitive group and 116 (46.96 %) were classified into insensitive group. Results from logistic analysis showed that the following environmental factors were significantly associated with decreased efficacy of GCs: high salt intake (OR?=?3.464, 95%CI?=?1.481–8.102, P?=?0.004), introverted personality (OR?=?3.550, 95%CI?=?1.901–6.628, P?<?0.0001), experience with negative life events (OR?=?5.526, 95%CI?=?1.612–18.946, P?=?0.007), and history of allergy (OR?=?2.966, 95%CI?=?1.312–6.704, P?=?0.009). These results indicate that environmental factors, including salt intake, personality, experience with negative life events, and history of allergy, may play an important role in the efficacy of GCs in the Chinese population with SLE.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy with unilateral amygdala enlargement

Neurological Sciences - Exploring the role of amygdala enlargement (AE) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without ipsilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) using comprehensive presurgical workup...     

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Entamoeba species infecting macaques in southwest China

Many colonies of macaques (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta) are maintained in China, especially in Guangxi and Guizhou. A total of 803 fresh stool samples infected with Entamoeba were obtained from three big colonies of macaques located in southwest China. The samples were examined for the presence of five Entamoeba species using PCR. Entamoeba nuttalli, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoeba chattoni infections were detected, but Entamoeba histolytica infection was not. This study is the first to report on the prevalence of E. nuttalli in wild macaques from China. Eighteen E. nuttalli isolates and five E. dispar isolates were obtained by culturing the samples in Tanabe–Chiba medium. The serine-rich protein (SRP), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), hexokinase (HXK), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) genes of E. nuttalli isolates were compared with other reported isolates. The results showed clear differences among the Chinese E. nuttalli isolates and other isolates based on the SRP gene sequences. However, HXK, GPI, and PGM genes of these strains were similar to those of other isolates. The rRNA genes of E. coli and E. chattoni were also amplified and analyzed from these samples. The results suggested that host species might be a more important factor than geographic location in amebic genetic diversity.     

In vitro protoscolicidal effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound enhanced by a superabsorbent polymer

Echinococcus granulosus, the etiologic agent of cystic echinococcosis in humans and other animal hosts, is distributed worldwide. Echinococcosis is an increasing public health and socioeconomic concern. The present work evaluated whether or not a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) could enhance the damage efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on the viability of E. granulosus protoscolices in vitro. HIFU of 100 W acoustic power and 0.01 g superabsorbent polymer were used to treat 5,000 protoscolices in 2-ml protoscolices suspension. After different HIFU exposure time (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 s, respectively), the temperature of protoscolices suspension was taken, and the treated protoscolices were stained by trypan-blue exclusion assay, and their structures were observed by light microscopy. To better understand the biological mechanisms responsible for the deaths of protoscolices, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of the protoscolices treated with HIFU was examined. The temperature of protoscolices suspension treated with HIFU rose slowly, and the death rate of protoscolices was 73.7 % in the group of HIFU treatment time of 40 s; however, with the same HIFU treatment time of 40 s, the temperature of protoscolices suspension in the group of HIFU combined with SAP rose quickly, and the death rate of protoscolices was 100 %. The same protoscolicidal effect (100 %) of HIFU of 100 W acoustic power combined with SAP was also observed in the groups of HIFU treatment time of 50 and 60 s, respectively. The dead protoscolices were stained to blue, shrunken and black calcareous corpuscles, and disordered and decreasing hooks though of intact membrane, as well as some protoscolices lost hooks and tore open on membrane were observed. In the group of HIFU combined with SAP, it was found that the superabsorbent polymer was surrounded by the spoiled, and the destruction of protoscolices was much stronger than in the group of HIFU. The dead protoscolices exhibited the reduction or absence of SDH staining intensity in the parenchymal cell and calcareous corpuscles after HIFU irradiation, where a large number of necrotic cells were evident. These results suggested that HIFU could induce the damage and loss of viability of protoscolices; SAP could enhance the HIFU energy focused and cause more severe destruction efficacy on protoscolices; and mitochondrial energetic function is involved in the regulation of cell-death pathways of protoscolices.     

EGCG对16Hz,155dB次声诱导的大鼠小胶质细胞过度激活的影响

目的:研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)对次声诱导的大鼠小胶质细胞过度激活的抑制作用,探讨EGCG潜在的次声对脑损伤的防护作用。方法:16 Hz,155 dB次声刺激原代培养的小胶质细胞,通过细胞因子表达量和免疫荧光染色,观察不同浓度(1μmol/L、10μmol/L、100μmol/L)的EGCG在不同时程(12 h和24 h)对次声激活的小胶质细胞的抑制作用。结果:1μmol/L或10μmol/L EGCG预孵可显著抑制次声后大鼠小胶质细胞IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α表达的上调,且10μmol/L组的作用最强(P<0.01)。10μmol/L EGCG可以减少次声诱导的小胶质细胞过度激活的形态变化。结论:EGCG对次声诱导的大鼠小胶质细胞过度激活具有显著的抑制作用。     

颈总动脉及其分支的变异类型*

血管变异在人体中广泛存在,了解正常人体解剖结构及变异情况对医务工作者尤其是临床医生而言尤为重要.以往在各大学术论文上对各类血管变异的报道并不少见,但是却缺乏较为全面的总结.现对最近几十年内的25例各类医学杂志中关于颈部血管变异的报道进行了较为详细的分类总结,旨在为广大临床工作者提供一定的参考作用.     

新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统的三维有限元分析

目的对新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统进行三维有限元分析,研究其在稳定节段及邻近节段的生物力学影响,为下腰痛的脊柱内植物的设计和应用提供参考。方法基于正常腰椎有限元模型,构建腰椎不稳损伤模型,即腰椎切除腰4和腰5之间的双侧小关节、腰4椎板下1/2、后纵韧带,形成脊柱失稳模型,分别在失稳模型上进行坚强内固定系统和后路动态稳定系统,比较两种术式对手术节段和临近阶段的活动度、各个节段的弯曲刚度、椎间盘应力水平、前纵韧带应力水平及小关节韧带拉力的变化情况。结果对内固定桥接节段(腰4/腰5)应用新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统和坚强内固定系统后,在屈伸、侧屈、轴向旋转方向上的活动度均明显减小,但坚强固定后活动度减小更明显,应用动态稳定系统活动度更接近于正常腰椎节段;腰4/腰5椎间盘最大应力均减小,但坚强固定后活动度减小更明显,应用动态稳定系统活动度更接近于正常腰椎节段;对邻近节段(腰3/腰4、腰5/S1)应用新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统和坚强内固定系统后,在屈伸、侧屈、轴向旋转方向上的活动度均有所增大,但坚强固定后活动度增加更明显,应用动态稳定系统邻近节段活动度更接近于正常腰椎节段;邻近节段椎间盘最大应力均增大,但坚强固定后增大更明显,应用动态稳定系统更接近于正常腰椎节段;应用腰椎内固定后,邻近节段的小关节应力峰值增大,并且应用腰椎坚强内固定模型的小关节应力增大更多;应用腰椎动态固定的模型邻近关节应力峰值更加接近完整腰椎模型。结论新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统对比坚强内固定系统能够使失稳节段的活动更加接近于正常,减小邻近节段的活动度增加,减小邻近节段椎间盘及小关节压力,说明新型腰椎动态稳定系统达到设计要求。