安徽省血吸虫病传染源控制策略研究Ⅰ内陆水网地区以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施预防血吸虫病效果

目的 评价内陆水网地区以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施的防治效果.方法 2006～2010年,在南陵县奚滩村实施以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施,观察综合防治措施实施前后螺情、人畜病情变化情况,评价综合防治措施的效果.结果 2010年试区人群平均血吸虫感染率、感染性钉螺密度、钉螺感染率、家畜感染率较实施前分别下降94.2％、100％、100％和100％,连续4年未出现急性感染病例.结论 在内陆水网型地区实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治策略能有效控制血吸虫病疫情.     

Preparation of phosphorus-doped porous carbon for high performance supercapacitors by one-step carbonization

Biomass-derived porous carbon has received increasing attention as an energy storage device due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacture, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. In this work, phosphorus-doped porous carbon was prepared from biomass sawdust (carbon source) and a small amount of phosphoric acid (P-doping source and gas expanding agent) by one-step carbonization. For comparison, parallel studies without phosphate treatment were performed under the same conditions. Benefiting from the addition of phosphoric acid, the prepared carbon material has higher carbon yield, higher specific area and micropore volume. Due to the heteroatom doping of P in the carbon material, the optimized PC-900 sample not only exhibits high specific capacitances of 292 F g⁻¹ and 169.4 F g⁻¹ at current densities of 0.1 A g⁻¹ and 0.5 A g⁻¹, respectively, but also excellent cycle longevity (98.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) in 1 M H₂SO₄. In addition, the supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 10.6 W h kg⁻¹ when the power density is 224.8 W kg⁻¹ at a discharge current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. This work proposes a sustainable strategy to reuse waste biomass in high-performance and green supercapacitors for advanced energy storage equipment.

P-doped porous carbon can be prepared by one-step carbonization using biomass sawdust impregnated with a small amount of phosphoric acid.     

Properties and mechanism for selective adsorption of Au(iii) on an ionic liquid adsorbent by grafting N-methyl imidazole onto chloromethylated polystyrene beads

To recover Au(iii) from an acidic chloride-containing solution efficiently, an ionic liquid absorbent (CMPS-IL) was synthesized by grafting N-methyl imidazole onto chloromethylated polystyrene beads (CMPS). The adsorption capacity, selectivity, and reusability were systematically evaluated by a series of adsorption experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity reached up to 516.5 mg g⁻¹ at 318 K. The adsorbent can selectively recover Au(iii) from binary system solutions with a higher separation factor β_Au/M (10⁴–10⁶). Moreover, the adsorption–desorption cycles (7 cycles) showed that the CMPS-IL maintained a stable adsorption performance and high adsorption efficiency. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of CMPS-IL for Au(iii) was investigated by SEM, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR, then proposed with a combination of electrostatic interactions and d–π interaction between imidazolium and AuCl₄⁻. This study provides an easily-prepared and economical adsorbent for Au(iii) with high selectivity and large adsorption capacity to boost its practical applications.

The synthesis and adsorption properties for Au(iii) of CMPS-IL synthesized by grafting N-methyl imidazole onto chloromethylated polystyrene beads (CMPS).     

GMBP1-conjugated manganese oxide nanoplates for in vivo monitoring of gastric cancer MDR using magnetic resonance imaging

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a huge challenge for gastric cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, MDR accurate monitoring is of great significance for the treatment of gastric cancer. GMBP1, an extracellular internalization peptide, can target MDR gastric cancer cells through specific binding to GRP78, which is an MDR-related protein that is overexpressed in gastric cancer cells. Herein, we constructed GMBP1 conjugated Mn₃O₄ nanoplates (Mn₃O₄@PEG-GMBP1 NPs) for in vivo monitoring of MDR gastric cancer through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The generated Mn₃O₄@PEG-GMBP1 NPs had a size of about 11 nm and exhibited a good colloidal stability in PBS and in 10% FBS medium. Serial in vivo MRI studies in mice demonstrated that the magnetic resonance signal intensity, at the tumor site, reached a peak at 3 h after tail vein injection of Mn₃O₄@PEG-GMBP1 NPs. The specific targeting ability of MDR gastric cancer cells (SGC7901/ADR) by Mn₃O₄@PEG-GMBP1 NPs was authenticated in vitro, in vivo and by immunofluorescence analysis experiments. The systematic safety evaluation indicated that the toxicity of Mn₃O₄@PEG-GMBP1 NPs in mice was negligible. Therefore, the GMBP1 conjugated Mn₃O₄ nanoplates can be clinically used for accurate imaging and monitoring of MDR gastric cancer.

GMBP1 conjugated manganese oxide nanoplates for in vivo monitoring multidrug resistance of gastric cancer through magnetic resonance imaging.     

A tumor-microenvironment-responsive nanomaterial for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy

Taxol (TAX) is a typical anticancer drug that is widely used in clinical treatment of cancer, while gold nanorods (AuNRs) are a kind of well-known material applied for photothermal therapy (PTT). The therapeutic outcome of TAX in chemotherapy is however limited by drug resistance, while AuNRs often show poor accuracy in PTT. To optimize the functions of TAX and AuNRs, we developed a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-triggered nanomaterial (LV–TAX/Au@Ag) for combined chemo-photothermal therapy. In normal tissues, TAX is protected in the lipid bilayer and isolated from the surrounding normal cells, while AuNRs are coated with silver shells and show low photothermal capacity. However, after reaching the tumor tissues, the silver shells can be etched by endogenous H₂O₂ in the tumor microenvironment, and the photothermal properties of AuNRs are then recovered. Meanwhile, the generated oxygen destabilizes the LV, which makes the 100 nm sized nanosystems disassemble into the smaller sized TAX and AuNRs, leading to the deep penetration and direct interaction with tumor tissues. The related in vitro experiments proved the validity of this “turn off/on” effect. Extensive necrosis and apoptosis were observed in the tumor tissues and the proliferation of solid tumor was greatly suppressed due to this combined chemo-photothermal therapy. In addition, no significant damage was found in normal tissues after the treatment of LV–TAX/Au@Ag. Therefore, the strategy to achieve environmental response by modifying the photothermal agents enhanced the efficiency and safety of nanomedicine, which may help improve cancer treatment.

Endogenous hydrogen peroxide was utilized to control the release of agents for better tumor therapeutic effect and safety.     

老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折合并深静脉血栓的外科治疗

目的 探讨老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折合并深静脉血栓形成的外科治疗方法及临床效果.方法 2010年2月至2012年6月对41例老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折合并深静脉血栓形成患者(平均年龄70岁以上,X线平片Singh指数在Ⅱ～Ⅳ度),均给予下腔静脉滤器植入联合骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术.结果 所有患者随访6～18个月,平均8个月,深静脉血栓症状全部缓解,髋关节Harris评分:术前平均41.4分,术后提高到88.4分,其中优28例,良9例,可3例,差1例,优良率90.2%(37/41).结论 下腔静脉滤器植入联合骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术,可确保股骨颈骨折合并深静脉血栓患者术后早期的康复锻炼和功能恢复.     

A matched-pair comparison between bilateral intrafascial and interfascial nerve-sparing techniques in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

The aim of this study was to validate the advantages of the intrafascial nerve-sparing technique compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. From March 2010 to August 2011, 65 patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) underwent bilateral intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. These patients were matched in a 1∶2 ratio to 130 patients with localized PCa who had undergone bilateral interfascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy between January 2008 and August 2011. Operative data and oncological and functional results of both groups were compared. There was no difference in operative data, pathological stages and overall rates of positive surgical margins between the groups. There were 9 and 13 patients lost to follow-up in the intrafascial group and interfascial group, respectively. The intrafascial technique provided earlier recovery of continence at both 3 and 6 months than the interfascial technique. Equal results in terms of continence were found in both groups at 12 months. Better rates of potency at 6 months and 12 months were found in younger patients (age ≤65 years) and overall patients who had undergone the intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Biochemical progression-free survival rates 1 year postoperatively were similar in both groups. Using strict indications, compared with the interfascial nerve-sparing technique, the intrafascial technique provided similar operative outcomes and short-term oncological results, quicker recovery of continence and better potency. The intrafascial nerve-sparing technique is recommended as a preferred approach for young PCa patients who are clinical stages cT1 to cT2a and have normal preoperative potency.     

关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗51例胫骨平台骨折,SehatzkerI～Ⅲ型35例,Ⅳ一Ⅵ型16例;其中,胫骨髁间嵴骨折并前交叉韧带损伤8例,后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折8例,半月板损伤5例。结果本组随访12～24个月,平均13．6个月。膝关节功能参照Rasmussen评分：优24例,良20例,可6例,差1例,优良率达86．3％。无切口坏死,无固定失败及骨外露发生。有1例伤口感染。结论采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定各种胫骨平台骨折是一种可靠方法。     

Anti‐fibrosis effect of BMP‐7 peptide functionalization on cobalt chromium alloy

Orthopedic metallic prosthetic implants are commonly made of cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloys. However, such metal‐based implants are susceptible to fibrous capsule formation on the implant surface after implantation. At the bone‐implant interface, this capsule can prevent implant integration, resulting in loosening and failure. Minimizing the development of such a capsule on the CoCr surface would improve direct bone‐implant bonding leading to long‐term implant functionality. We evaluated the anti‐fibrosis effect of bone morphogenic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) peptide covalently bonded to CoCr alloy. This peptide, a biomimetic derivation of the knuckle epitope of BMP‐7, was conjugated at the N‐terminus with a cysteine amino acid. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and probe binding assay were used to evaluate different stages of grafting and surface functionalization using polydopamine coating. Cellular functions were studied using fibroblast attachment, cell proliferation, and MTT assays. Fibroblasts were grown on functionalized and pristine CoCr substrates, and the efficacy of BMP‐7 peptide on anti‐fibrosis was analyzed via gene expression and protein expression of fibrosis markers ACTA2, Collagen 1A1, and fibronectin. The peptide functionalized substrates showed significant reduction of fibrosis markers expression after 1 week of incubation compared to controls. BMP‐7 signaling pathway activation was shown by the presence of phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. These findings may contribute to the improvement of CoCr implants in orthopedic surgery applications. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 983–990, 2013     

Comparison of High Tibial Osteotomy and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Unicompartmental Osteoarthritis : A Meta-Analysis

We conducted a systematic review of comparative clinical trials assessing the results of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in patients with strictly unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee. A literature search was conducted through Medline, Embase and Cochrane library. A total of 11 comparative studies were included. Pooled results showed: UKA showed significantly better results compared to HTO in terms of function results, however, no difference in specific knee score was observed; HTO got slightly better results of the range of motion; a trend towards an increased velocity was found in UKA without significant difference. Postoperative rate of revision and complications did not differ significantly between two groups. With the correct patient selection, both HTO and UKA show effective and reliable results.