组织工程小血管摩擦力测量方法的研究与应用

目的设计一套用于组织工程小血管内壁摩擦力测量的装置并对组织工程血管的材料进行初步的测量,以验证装置的可靠性和相关结论。方法根据血液动力学的原理,对血管的力学模型进行分析,确定组织工程血管内皮细胞摩擦力的测量方法,从而设计完成整套装置并对弹性元件进行测量,并进行组织工程降解材料聚羟基乙酸PGA构成的管状支架进行摩擦力的测量。结果设计完成了测量组织工程血管内壁摩擦力的实验装置,弹性元件的牵拉力与位移的关系呈良好的线性关系。聚羟基乙酸PGA管状支架的摩擦力随流速的增加而增加。结论测量组织工程血管内壁摩擦力的实验装置是可行的,聚羟基乙酸PGA管状支架的摩擦力与流速基本呈现线性关系。     

派罗欣治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的观察与护理

目的探讨乳腺癌术后胸部气压固定带的制作及临床应用价值。方法将64例乳腺癌术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组各32例,对照组采用传统的绷带加压包扎,观察组采用自行设计并制作的胸部气压固定带加压包扎。观察两组术后引流量、拔管时间及并发症的发生情况。结果观察组皮下积液发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,术后24h引流量、置管时间显著少于/短于对照组（均P〈0.01）。结论乳腺癌术后使用胸部气压固定带加压固定可减少渗出,缩短置管时间,降低皮下积液发生率。     

高渗盐水和6%HES溶液对犬术后细胞因子的影响

目的 观察高渗盐水(7.5%NaCl溶液)、6%HES溶液(羟乙基淀粉溶液)对腹部手术后犬血清细胞因子分泌的影响.方法 18只麻醉犬全麻下行腹部手术后随机分成3组,输注不同液体并同时予以控制血压至基础值的60%(MAP65mmHg):4ml/kg 7.5%NaCl溶液(HS组);输注15ml/kg 6%HES溶液(HES组);C组(对照组)单纯降压组.在麻醉开始前(B),手术开始2小时(T1),液体输注完2小时(T2),术后第1天(T3),第2天(T4)抽取颈外静脉血3ml,检测血清中IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α的浓度.结果 对照组:各前炎因子TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8随时间逐渐上升,至T3达到高峰,T4明显下降,但仍显著高于正常值(P＜0.05).HS组和HES组TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8在T3时均明显低于对照组,T4时由低到高依次为,HS组、HES组、对照组.HS组术后的IL-10水平升高,在T3达到最高值22.5 mmol/L,高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 HS溶液与6%HES溶液均可抑制腹部手术后犬致炎因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的升高.HS溶液还可使抗炎因子IL-10分泌增加,减轻术后的炎症反应.     

微小切口胆囊切除术2260例效果观察

目的 总结微小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆道系统疾病的经验。方法 对2002-2004年连续收治的2260例胆囊、胆道系统疾病实施微小切口手术的临床观察资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组2260例微小切口胆囊切除术的患者无一例因手术原因死亡；术后无残留小胆囊；无胆汁漏及腹腔脓肿，亦无伤口全层裂开及切口疝形成。结论 该术式损伤小、局部显露清楚、不易发生副损伤，可同时行胆总管探查术，特殊情况下可随时改变手术方式。     

应用输尿管镜放置双J管早期治疗输尿管阴道瘘

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of placing double J stent using a ureteroscope in early managing ureterovaginal fistula.Methods Twenty-eight patients cases with ureterovaginal fistula from 2002 to 2008 were treated early with placing double J stent using a ureteroscope and the clinical data were reviewed.Results Twenty-two of 28 cases were treated and double J stent was placed in them by a uretero-scope and 75% (21/28)of cases were cured.Four of 21 cases were treated twice by a ureteroscope and were cured finally.7 cases with failure ureterovaginal treatment underwent ureterocystostomy and were cured.The follow-up from 6 months to 33 months (average 10.1±6.4 months)showed that all of the 28 cases had been cured and had no urinary fistula.Conclusion Placing double J stent using a ureteroscope is the first choice of operative procedure for the early treatment of ureterovaginal fistula.     

5-Br-PADAP催化光度法测定锰的研究

实验中发现Mn（Ⅱ）能够催化5-Br-PADAP与过氧化氢之间的氧化还原反应，并找到了Mn^2＋浓度与催化褪色反应速度间的线性关系，线性浓度范围为0．5-10ng／mL，最小检出浓度为0．2ng／mL。方法灵敏度高，选择性好。     

围生期窒息发生率和死亡率近10年变迁及相关因素

目的 分析近10年来围生期窒息发生率和死亡率的变迁，探讨围生期窒息相关因素及开展新法复苏对围生期窒息发生率和死亡率的影响。方法对近10年郑州大学第三附属医院分娩的所有活产新生儿的病历资料进行回顾性分析，计算窒息的发生率、死亡率、病死率，观察上述指标的逐年变化趋势及季节变化的情况，并探讨性别、双／多胎、出生体质量、胎龄分娩方式对这些指标的影响。结果轻度窒息发生率在开展新法复苏后明显下降，并稳定在1．5％左右，而重度窒息的发生率和病死率均无明显变化。窒息儿的发生率以4月份最高，但死亡率和病死率以7月份最高。窒息的发生还与性别、双／多胎、出生体质量、早产以及阴道助产有关。结论围生期窒息的发生与性别、双／多胎、出生体质量、胎龄密切相关；新法复苏能显著降低轻度窒息的发生率，对重度窒息的发生率和窒息病死率无明显影响；窒息儿的死亡率和病死率与季节有关。     

Pretreatment with Tongxinluo protects porcine myocardium from ischaemia/reperfusion injury through a nitric oxide related mechanism

Background The traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo can protect myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its action is not well documented. We examined the involvement of nitric oxide in the protective role of Tongxinluo. Methods Miniswine were randomized to four groups of seven: sham, control, Tongxinluo and Tongxinluo coadministration with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10 mg/kg i.v.). Three hours after administration of Tongxinluo, the animals were anaesthetised and the left anterior descending coronary artery ligated and maintained in situ for 90 minutes followed by 3 hours of reperfusion before death. Area of no reflow and necrosis and risk region were determined pathologically by planimetry. The degree of neutrophil accumulation in myocardium was obtained by measuring myeloperoxidase activity and histological analysis. Myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and vascular endothelial cadherin content were measured by colorimetric method and immunoblotting analysis respectively.Results Tongxinluo significantly increased the local blood flow and limited the infarct and size of no reflow. Tongxinluo also attenuated myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil accumulation in histological sections and maintained the level of vascular endothelial cadherin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in the reflow region when compared with control group. The protection of Tongxinluo was counteracted by coadministration with L-NNA. Conclusions Tongxinluo may limit myocardial ischaemia and protect the heart against reperfusion injury. Tongxinluo regulates synthesis of nitric oxide by altering activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.     

A cyclic peptide–polymer probe for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A

A Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) ELISA detection system was developed based upon an 11-mer cyclic peptide, termed C11-019, that was identified through peptide phage display technology. The assay employs a sandwich format using the C11-019 cyclic peptide attached to a PEMA (poly(ethylene maleic anhydride)) matrix as the capture phase and anti-BoNT/A polyclonal antibodies as the detection phase. Results reported demonstrate that the C11-019 peptide–polymer can specifically bind to BoNT/A with no cross-reactivity to other serotypes examined in assay buffers and a variety of body fluids and foodstuffs. When a highly sensitive chemiluminescent substrate was engaged, the detection of 1 pg/mL could be readily achieved within 3 h with a linear range of 0.1–1 ng/mL. These results demonstrate that an inexpensive peptide–polymer-based capture ELISA system can be used for rapid, sensitive and highly specific BoNT detection.     

亚低温用于缺血性脑卒中的神经保护研究进展

低温治疗一直是医学研究的热点,早在古罗马时代希波克拉底就知道将受伤的士兵包裹后放入雪中以减少出血量。上个世纪30～40年代,Fay[1]首次报道了低温用于脑外伤的治疗,第一次将低温应用于神经系统的