Prospective cohort study of general and central obesity,weight change trajectory and risk of major cancers among Chinese women

General obesity, typically measured using body mass index (BMI), has been associated with an increased risk of several cancers. However, few prospective studies have been conducted in Asian populations. Although central obesity, often measured using waist–hip ratio (WHR), is more predictive for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk than BMI, knowledge of its association with cancer incidence is limited. In a cohort of 68,253 eligible Chinese women, we prospectively investigated the association of BMI, WHR and weight change during adulthood with risk of overall cancer and major site‐specific cancers using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Compared to the BMI group of 18.5–22.9 kg/m², obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) women were at an increased risk of developing overall cancer (hazard ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–1.52), postmenopausal breast cancer (HR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.73–3.40), endometrial cancer (HR: 5.34, 95% CI: 3.48–8.18), liver cancer (HR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.14–3.27) and epithelial ovarian cancer (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.37–4.35). Weight gain during adulthood (per 5 kg gain) was associated with increased risk of all cancers combined (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08), postmenopausal breast cancer (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10–1.24) and endometrial cancer (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27–1.48). On the other hand, WHR was not associated with cancer risk after adjustment for baseline BMI. These findings suggest that obesity may be associated with cancer risk through different mechanisms from those for type 2 diabetes and CVD and support measures of maintaining health body weight to reduce cancer risk in Chinese women.     

γ‐Secretase inhibitor reduces immunosuppressive cells and enhances tumour immunity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Immune evasion is a hallmark feature of cancer, and it plays an important role in tumour initiation and progression. In addition, tumour immune evasion severely hampers the desired antitumour effect in multiple cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the Notch pathway in immune evasion in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) microenvironment. We first demonstrated that Notch1 signaling was activated in a Tgfbr1/Pten‐knockout HNSCC mouse model. Notch signaling inhibition using a γ‐secretase inhibitor (GSI‐IX, DAPT) decreased tumour burden in the mouse model after prophylactic treatment. In addition, flow cytometry analysis indicated that Notch signaling inhibition reduced the sub‐population of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as immune checkpoint molecules (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3), in the circulation and in the tumour. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of human HNSCC tissues demonstrated that elevation of the Notch1 downstream target HES1 was correlated with MDSC, TAM and Treg markers and with immune checkpoint molecules. These results suggest that modulating the Notch signaling pathway may decrease MDSCs, TAMs, Tregs and immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC.     

垂体腺瘤nm23-H_1基因表达的临床意义

目的明确nm23-H_1基因在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学染色（SP）法对62例垂体腺瘤nm23-H_1基因表达进行回顾性研究。结果侵袭型垂体腺瘤nm-H_1基因表达水平显著低于非侵袭型（P＜0.01）;Ⅲ、Ⅳ级垂体腺癌nm23-H_1基因表达水平显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级（P＜0.05）;nm23-H_1基因表达水平下降与垂体腺瘤患者的性别、年龄及肿瘤分泌功能无显著相关性（P＞0.05）。结论nm23-H_1基因可能在会作腺瘤的侵袭过程中起重要作用,其表达改变是反映垂体腺癌侵袭性的敏感指标。     

Effects of 1-stage revascularization and temporary external fixation combined with 2-stage Ilizarov technique in the treatment of bone defects in lower limb destruction injury: A case report

Rationale:To evaluate the clinical effects of 1-stage revascularization, vacuum sealing drainage covering the wound, temporary external fixation and 2-stage Ilizarov bone transport for the treatment limb destruction injury.Patient concerns and diagnosis:Nine patients with limb destruction injury between September 2014 and June 2019 at our institute were evaluated retrospectively. The age of patient was 21 to 51 years with an average of 33 years. The injuries were caused by vehicle accidents in 4 patients, gunshot in 1 patient, and crushing injuries in 4 patients. All of them had vascular injury. The average length of bone defect was 9.5 (8.3–10) cm. Regular follow-up was performed on wound healing, bone transport time, bone healing time, external fixation index, and limb function.Interventions:All patients underwent 1-stage revascularization and temporary external fixation during emergency surgery, and then gradual bone transport by Ilizarov fixator was performed until the broken fracture site was reunited.Outcomes:Nine patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months (average 30 months). Six patients were treated with autogenous cancellous bone graft for the second time, and 2 patients healed spontaneously. The mean wound healing time was 86 (73–90) days. The bone transport time was 97 (88.3–105.3) days, and the bone mineralization time was 164.5 (156.8–181.3) days, and the healing time of the docking sites was 6.8 (6.1–8.3) months. The external fixator time was 14.5 (12.5–17) months with the external fixation index was 1.5 (1.4–1.8) m/cm. At the last follow-up, according to the Association for the Study of the Method of Ilizarov functional scores, excellent functional outcomes were obtained in 5 patients, good in 1 patients, moderate in 2 patients. According to the Association for the Study of the Method of Ilizarov Radiological System, excellent functional outcomes were obtained in 6 cases and good in 2 cases.Lessons:One-stage revascularization and temporary external fixation combined with 2-stage Ilizarov bone transport technique for the treatment of bone defects in limb destruction injury have satisfactory clinical effects and few complications, and can be applied under the condition of strict understanding of surgical indications.     

正常人口服磷酸川芎嗪的药代动力学研究

本文建立了用高效液相色谱法测定人体内川芎嗪血药浓度的方法,以C18化学键合硅胶(10μgm)为固定相,以甲醇—水(58:42)为流动相,280 nm俭测,安眠酮为内标,进行定量测定,得出俭测限为3.5 ng(S/N=4),最低检测血清浓度为17.4 ng/ml,川芎嗪血药浓度在0.029～5.82μg/ml范围内,线性关系良好,方法回收率为99.84%。方法重现性好,专一性强,内源性物质、代谢产物及同时服用的药物均不干扰。用本法测定了健康人口服川芎嗪的药代动力学参数。     

基于分布式技术的中西医信息资源整合平台设计

针对目前中医和西医信息资源集成整合的难题,本文在研究分布式相关技术的基础上,采用基于SOA架构的Web 服务技术,将相同疾病的中西医治疗方案相关联,提出了基于分布式技术的中西医信息资源整合模型,并进行了深入分析设计,解决了专业中医或西医医生较难利用中西医结合方案的难题,实现了中西医信息资源的集成性、重用性和扩展性,为现代医学发展提供了重要的参考价值。     

盐酸氨溴索联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗老年糖尿病合并肺炎 43 例简

目的 观察盐酸氨溴索联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠对老年糖尿病合并肺炎的疗效.方法 选取86例糖尿病合并肺炎的老年患者,使用抗菌药物头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗,其中43例联合使用盐酸氨溴索治疗（观察组）,另外43例联合必漱平治疗（对照组）.观察两组患者的疗效.结果 观察组总有效率为93.02％,显著高于对照组的79.07％ （P ＜0.05）;观察组退热时间为（1.5±0.3）d,咳嗽咯痰消失时间为（6.4±1.6）d,肺部罗音消失时间为（7.8±0.5）d,与对照组相比均明显缩短（P＜0.05）;观察组住院时间为（9.2±1.7）d,明显短于对照组的（13.4±1.5）d（P ＜0.05）.结论 盐酸氨溴索联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠可有效改善糖尿病合并肺炎老年患者的通气功能,临床效果肯定.     

超选择碘化油动脉化疗栓塞治疗支气管肺癌的效果

目的探讨超选择碘化油动脉化疗栓塞治疗支气管肺癌的效果。方法搜集2002年1月至2011年12月57例经病理证实的中晚期支气管肺癌,确认肿瘤供血动脉后行超选择支气管动脉化疗栓塞治疗,治疗后1个月记录患者临床症状、肿瘤大小改变情况及并发症发生情况。结果本组患者中支气管肺癌右侧支-肋共干占14．0％（8／57）,双侧支气管动脉供血占5．3％（3／57）,左、右支气管动脉共干占5．3％（3／57）,肋间动脉参与供血占7．0％（4／57）,胸廓内动脉参与供血占1．8％（1／57）;57例患者均成功实施了碘化油动脉化疗栓塞治疗,患者术后临床症状减轻,部分消失,肿瘤供血动脉阻断,肿瘤发生缺血坏死,瘤体缩小。治疗后完全缓解率为66．7％（38／57）,总有效率为84．2％（48／57）,无变化为10．5％（6／57）,进展为5．3％（3／57）。结论超选择碘化油动脉化疗栓塞疗法可以明显缓解症状,提高患者的生存质量,是治疗支气管肺癌的有效方法。     

固相萃取GC-FID和GC-MS分析血浆中碱性药物

报道了用X-5固相萃取分离、毛细管GC-FID和GC-MS定性定量分析人血浆中34种碱性药物的方法。在优化的提取条件下,大部分药物的最低检测浓度在0.5～2.0μg·ml^-1之间,线性范围、定量精密度等满足临床中毒分析的要求。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对正常和异丙基肾上腺素损伤培养乳鼠心肌细胞的影响

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge—132)能促进培养乳鼠心肌细胞DNA和RNA的合成,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,维持细胞膜结构的稳定。异丙基肾上腺素可使心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放增加,细胞搏动停止,超微结构显示肌膜和线粒体严重受损。Ge—132可显著减少异两基肾上腺素引起心肌细胞释放LDH,维持细胞的搏动功能和超微结构的完整。