自体外周血及自体红骨髓干细胞与脱钙骨复合移植治疗骨缺损的比较研究

目的 对比观察自体外周血干细胞（APBSC）／脱钙骨（DB）复合移植与自体外红骨髓（ARBM）／DB复合移植治疗骨缺损的疗效。方法 36只家兔双侧桡骨造成1cm骨缺损,随机分为DB组、ARBM／DM级和APBSC／DB组,每组12只,分别进行X线片、生物力学和组织学检查,然后作对比分析。结果 术后第2、4、8、14周,APBSC／DB组和ARBM／DB组X线片、改进的GaryX线评分和光镜观察结果,以及术后第14周整骨破坏载荷和骨缺损修复形态学评分均明显优于DB组;但APBSC／DB组与ARBM／DB组间差异无显著性。结论 APBSC与ARBM都能在DB的骨形态蛋白诱导下促进成骨细胞的形成,复合移植疗效明显优于单纯DB移植。     

R2: identification of renal potential progenitor/stem cells that participate in the renal regeneration processes of kidney allograft fibrosis

Aim: Many strategies are explored to ameliorate kidney allograft tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), but little progress has been achieved. The latest evidence suggested that CD133+ cell in kidney represent a potential multipotent adult resident stem cell population that may contribute to the renal injury repair. Here we investigate whether the CD133+ cells exist in transplanted renal and exert a growth and self-repair procedure in TA/IF. Methods: Allografts from rat kidney transplant models were harvested at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post transplantation. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect the CD133+ cells and immunofluorescence to detect the co-expression of CD133 or Pax-2 with Ki-67. We furthermore analysed the E-cadherin using serial sections. Results: CD133+ cells were seldom seen in control kidney, but distributed sporadically in the cortex parenchyma along with the deterioration of TA/IF. The number of CD133+ cell increased after 4 weeks and reached the peak at 8 weeks, then decreased at 12 weeks. From 8 weeks, some new tubules expressing E-cadherin were constructed with CD133+ cells. Almost all the CD133+ cells were Ki-67-positive, but not all the Ki-67+ cells expressed CD133. The rest Ki-67+ cells almost expressed Pax-2. Conclusion: Our study reveals that when majority of the tubules are damaged, a self-repair mechanism is evoked by potential adult stem cells to compensate the renal function. Thus, potential adult resident stem cells offer a new avenue for autologous cell therapies in TA/IF.     

CT扫描资料间接法建立股骨上段三维有限元模型

目的 建立正常人体股骨上段三维有限元模型，作为今后该部位进一步有限元分析的基础。方法 采用活体股骨上段为对象，应用CT扫描技术，图形数字化方法获取股骨上面三维坐标，输入有限元分析软件ANSYS5．6，通过确定材料特性参数和网格化，建立完整的股骨上段三维有限元模型。结果 建立的三维有限元模型几何形状与材料特性还原良好，网格大小可根据研究者的需要在一定范围内自行调整，可以满足有限元分析的需要。结论 采用CT扫描资料建立三维有限元模型切实可靠；间接法建立三维有限元模型比直接法更加简便，高效，可以更精确地模拟复杂几何形态的实体。     

上臂抬高过程中的盂-肱在体运动模式分析

目的利用核磁共振成像和三维图像后处理技术,在上臂被动抬高过程中对肩带的盂-肱结构进行基本运动分析.方法选用20个志愿者,利用开放核磁共振系统对上臂5个不同外展位置(30°、60°、90°、120°、150°)进行扫描.经过分层扫描采集数据后,实施三维重建,确定肱骨和关节盂平面的轴,并计算它们相对于参考平面之间的运动.结果获得了上臂被动抬高过程中盂-肱结构相对参考平面运动的特殊三维运动数据.结论利用核磁共振成像和三维图像后处理技术可以揭示在上臂被动抬高过程中盂-肱关节相对参考系运动的特殊三维运动模式;所用技术和获得的数据可用于进一步研究患者异常的肩关节运动病理性改变.     

不同代数软骨细胞及其在支架上的生物学特性

目的 观察不同代数软骨细胞及其在支架上的生物学特性，为软骨组织工程提供理想的种子细胞，方法 将2周齿的新西兰大白兔软骨细胞置盖玻片上进行原代和传代培养，同时，把相应代数的软骨细胞种植于明胶海绵上，应用倒置显微镜和电镜观察不同代数细胞形态学变化和增殖能力。以及不同代数软骨细胞种植于支架后的生长和黏附情况，应用HE染色鉴别及免疫组化观察Ⅱ型胶原的分泌情况。结果 （1）软骨细胞在体外单层培养，传5代后细胞形态由多角形变成梭形，逐渐丧失表型。（2）第4代软骨细胞在单层培养时，增殖能力最强，分泌功能旺盛。（3）传代细胞贴壁时间短于原代。（4）第4代软骨细胞种植于支架上形成软骨细胞-支架复合体所需的时间最短，软骨细胞于海绵支架上的黏附最紧密。结论 软骨细胞在体外培养第4代左右可以作为组织工程的最佳种子细胞，其形成的软骨细胞-支架复合体的质量最佳，时间最短。     

软骨细胞-胶原海绵复合移植修复软骨缺损的形态学研究

目的：研究软骨细胞-胶原海绵复合移植修复软骨缺损的疗效。方法：软骨细胞取自3日龄异体幼兔，体外培养后接种于胶原海绵支架上，再移植于兔膝关节全层软骨缺损处。在同一大白兔双膝关节内外髁分3组作自身对照研究，股骨内髁作软骨细胞-胶原海绵复合移植组，右膝股骨外髁作单纯胶原海绵移植组，左膝股骨外髁作空白对照组。移植术后第4、8、12、16、20周分批处死，进行大体、组织学和超微结构观察。结果：软骨细胞-胶原海绵复合移植组缺损处为软骨性修复，而单纯胶原海绵移植组和空白对照组为纤维性修复。结论：运用软骨组织工程的原理，以胶原海绵作为支架材料的异体软骨细胞移植可修复兔关节软骨缺损，为治疗关节软骨缺损提供了一种有效的方法。     

Comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent PTH in restoring bone in osteopenic orchidectomized rats

Summary Bone loss was confirmed after 90 days in 50 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats that were sham-operated or orchidectomized (ORX). In this study, we have shown that dried plum (DP) has potent effects on bone in terms of bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in osteopenic male rats. Although these changes may be mediated through the suppression of bone resorption, the fact that the restoration in some of the bone structural and biomechanical parameter shares some similarities with parathyroid hormone (PTH) should not be overlooked. Further investigation is needed on a mechanistic level to clarify the influence of DP on bone metabolism. Introduction This study was designed to investigate the extent to which DP reverses bone loss in osteopenic ORX rats and to compare its effects to PTH. Materials and methods Fifty, 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were sham-operated or ORX, and bone loss was confirmed after 90 days. The ORX groups were assigned to control (AIN-93M) diet, 25% DP diet, or PTH (80 μg/kg) for 90 days. Results DP induced an 11% increase in vertebral and femoral BMD compared to ORX-controls. BMD in the PTH-treated group was increased by 20.7% (vertebra) and 17.9% (femur). Vertebral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and number were increased by DP and trabecular separation was decreased compared to controls, which were similar to PTH. Alterations in trabecular bone of the femur were similar to those in the vertebra, but DP did not restore BV/TV to the same extent. Cortical thickness was improved by DP and further enhanced by PTH. DP tended to decrease urinary deoxypyridinoline and calcium, but did not alter alkaline phosphatase or osteocalcin. Conclusion We conclude that though the degree of improvement was not equivalent to PTH with regard to all parameters, DP reverses bone loss due to ORX and the mechanisms should be further investigated.     

Upregulation of connective tissue growth factor in a rat model of chronic allograft nephropathy

AIM: To study the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in transplanted rat kidney and its relationship with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). METHODS: Kidney transplantation was performed from Lewis to Fisher 344 allogeneic rat strain, and kidney grafts were harvested at the eighth, 12th and 16th week. The morphological changes were studied, and collagen deposition was determined by Masson trichrome stain. Serum creatinine was examined. The fibrotic process and the CAN grades were evaluated according to Banff 97 schema. The expressions of transforming growth factor beta, CTGF and alpha-smooth muscle actin were detected to assess the development of grafted kidney fibrosis and to discuss their relationships. Spearman correlation was used for correlation study between CTGF expression and development of CAN. RESULTS: Serum creatinine was promoted in a time-dependent manner. Morphological changes suggested that the grafted kidneys were under abnormalities. At the end stage, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was seen; tubular epithelial cells lost their phenotype and interstitial fibrosis was notable. Masson trichrome stain showed significant collagen accumulation in a time-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting results showed that the transforming growth factor beta, CTGF and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression were markedly promoted compared with the control group. CTGF was mainly expressed in the plasm of proximal tubular epithelial cells based on the severity of CAN. CONCLUSION: Connective tissue growth factor might play an important role in the pathological changes of CAN after kidney transplantation. The expression of CTGF in epithelial cells could act as a molecular marker of interstitial fibrosis and CAN.     

HIV/AIDS合并肺结核患者抗结核分枝杆菌治疗肝毒性的危险因素

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒感染/获得性免疫缺乏综合征（HIV/AIDS）合并肺结核患者抗结核分枝杆菌治疗肝毒性的危险因素。 方法收集201年8月至2015年5月西安市第八医院收治的321例HIV/AIDS合并肺结核患者的全血及临床资料,并于患者抗结核分枝杆菌治疗后随访4个月。检测患者N-乙酰化转移酶2（NAT2）基因型。Logistic回归分析患者抗结核分枝杆菌治疗肝毒性的影响因素。 结果321例HIV/AIDS合并肺结核患者失访96例,剩余225例患者中73例（32.4%）发生药物性肝毒性（肝毒性组）,152例（67.6%）未发生药物性肝毒性（无肝毒性组）。两组患者身体质量指数（BMI）（χ² = 0.830、P = 0.003）、NAT2基因型（χ² = 7.361、P = 0.025）、CD4细胞计数（χ² = 4.380、P = 0.036）以及氟康唑治疗患者数（χ² = 9.924、P = 0.002）差异均具有统计学意义。BMI、NAT2基因型和氟康唑治疗均为患者抗结核分枝杆菌治疗肝毒性的独立危险因素（P均< 0.05）。 结论低BMI、慢乙酰型NAT2基因型HIV/AIDS合并肺结核患者抗结核分枝杆菌治疗易发生肝毒性,建议慎重同时使用抗结核分枝杆菌治疗药物和氟康唑。