呼和浩特市农区首次发现流行性出血热报告

呼和浩特市历史上未曾发现流行性出血热自然疫源地，也未见到流行性出血热疫情报告。1995年3月，本市中文齐镇发生1例临床表现典型并经血清学证实的流行性出血热病例。病家及其周围居民区家鼠密度为3.61％，以褐家鼠为优势种。送检捕获鼠鼠肺51份，阳性率21.57％。病家周围健康人群流行性出血热隐性感染调查，阳性率2.71％（1/37）。流行病学调查表明，病人病前1周－2个月内无外出史，故病人系本地感染。动物流行病学调查证实，呼和浩特农区存在流行性出血热自然疫源地。     

结核性淋巴结炎的“结节病”样变型

对１２例经病理学专家会诊、从病变上认定的淋巴结“结节病”石蜡包埋组织，应用结核杆菌ＤＮＡ特异性序列片段的聚合酶链反应（Ｍ．ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ）技术、ＢＣＧ免疫组化（ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ）技术和抗酸染色（ＡＦ）进行了分支杆菌／结核杆菌检测。在这１２例考虑为“结节病”的病例中：有１例呈ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ和Ｍ。ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ两项阳性；另１例呈ＡＦ、ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ和Ｍ．ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ三项阳性。研究结果提示：（１）某些结核性淋巴结炎可呈结节病样病变；（２）淋巴结结节病很可能与分支杆菌／结核杆菌感染有关。     

Protective efficacy in chickens, geese and ducks of an H5N1-inactivated vaccine developed by reverse genetics

We generated a high-growth H5N1/PR8 virus by plasmid-based reverse genetics. The virulence associated multiple basic amino acids of the HA gene were removed, and the resulting virus is attenuated for chickens and chicken eggs. A formalin-inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine was prepared from this virus. When SPF chickens were inoculated with 0.3 ml of the vaccine, the hemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) antibody became detectable at 1 week post-vaccination (p.v.) and reached a peak of 10log2 at 6 weeks p.v. then slowly declined to 4log2 at 43 weeks p.v. Challenge studies performed at 2, 3 and 43 weeks p.v. indicated that all of the chickens were completely protected from disease signs and death. Ducks and geese were completely protected from highly pathogenic H5N1 virus challenge 3 weeks p.v. The duration of protective immunity in ducks and geese was investigated by detecting the HI antibody of the field vaccinated birds, and the results indicated that 3 doses of the vaccine inoculation in geese could induce a 34 weeks protection, while 2 doses induced more than 52 weeks protection in ducks. We first reported that an oil-emulsion inactivated vaccine derived from a high-growth H5N1 vaccine induced approximately 10 months of protective immunity in chickens and demonstrated that the oil-emulsion inactivated avian influenza vaccine is immunogenic for geese and ducks. These results provide useful information for the application of vaccines to the control of H5N1 avian influenza in poultry, including chickens and domestic waterfowl.     

Comparison of immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors: immunohistochemical analysis of adrenocortical tumors.

Most adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) can be diagnosed directly by a combination of morphologic features and clinical findings. However, sometimes it may be difficult to distinguish ACTs from other neoplasms such as pheochromocytomas and some metastatic tumors, particularly for small biopsy specimens because they may be morphologically similar. Expression of calretinin has recently been suggested as a valuable immunomarker for the differential diagnosis between ACTs and other tumors; however, its diagnostic value is still under debate. To determine the diagnostic value of calretinin in Chinese patients with adrenocortical and non-ACTs, we employed both polyclonal and monoclonal anticalretinin to characterize the expression of calretinin in adrenal tissues and compared its expression with that of inhibin alpha, Melan-A, cytokeratin, or CD99 by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays and standard tissue sections of 414 specimens. Our results revealed that calretinin was expressed by adrenocortical cells, but not by the other cells tested and the percentage of calretinin-positive ACTs reached 99% when stained with polyclonal antibodies, which was higher than that with monoclonal anticalretinin (91.3%), anti-Melan-A (90.3%), antiinhibin alpha (81.6%). In addition, our results also revealed that ACTs were stained by cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) with variable degrees (58.7%). Furthermore, unlike anti-Melan-A that stained all metastatic malignant melanoma, anticalretinin did not recognize other tested tumors. Therefore, immunohistologic staining with polyclonal anticalretinin is more sensitive than other antibodies tested for the diagnosis of ACTs. However, monoclonal anticalretinin appeared to be more specific. Importantly, our data suggested that the fried-egg-like staining pattern, but not the mere cytoplasmic staining, was characteristic of anticalretinin staining in adrenocortical tissues. Notably, a few anticalretinin negative-ACTs were stained by other immunomarkers that we tested. Thus, the combinational characterization of calretinin (either by polyclonal or monoclonal antibody), inhibin alpha, and Melan-A expression is of great significance in the differential diagnosis of ACTs.     

结核性淋巴结炎的组织细胞反应性增生变型

应用结核杆菌ＤＮＡ１２３ｂｐ特异性序列片段为靶序列的多聚酶链反应（Ｍ·ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ）技术、ＢＣＧ免疫组化（ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ）技术和抗酸染色（ＡＦ）方法，对３８例呈现组织细胞反应性增生－碎屑样坏死－嗜中性白细胞渗出病变的淋巴结石蜡包埋组织进行了分支杆菌／结核杆菌的回顾性检测。三种方法的综合阳性率为５２．６％（２０／３８例）。ＡＦ、ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ和Ｍ·ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ的各自阳性率分别为０．８％、２６．３％和５０％。研究结果表明：（１）在按本文标准选择的淋巴结“组织细胞反应性增生”病变中，有半数病例与结核杆菌的感染有关，即结核性淋巴结炎可呈现“组织细胞反应性增生”之类的变型；（２）ＰＣＲ技术在结核性淋巴结炎的病原学诊断上具有重要价值。     

A-raf oncogene localizes on mouse X chromosome to region some 10–17 centimorgans proximal to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene

The localization of the A-rafcellular oncogene on the mouse X chromosome has been determined using Xbal-restricted DNAs prepared from progeny of an interspecies backcross between the B6.CBA.R1 and the Spe/Pas mouse strains. This localization to the proximal part of the mouse X chromosome has been confirmed by the use of somatic cell hybrids, carrying partially deleted X chromosomes and suggests that the A-raf oncogene localizes to a region lying some 10–17 centimorgans proximal to the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene between the locus DXPas4and the locus DXPas7defined by the cross-reacting human X chromosome-specific probe DXS32 (M2C). This localization on the mouse X chromosome is compatible with the presence of the A-rafoncogene on the short arm of the human X chromosome between the centromere and Xp21.     

Sensorineural deafness inherited as a tissue specific mitochondrial disorder.

We present here a large Israeli-Arab kindred with hereditary deafness. In this family 55 deaf subjects (29M, 26F), who are otherwise healthy, have been identified and traced back five generations to one common female ancestor. The deafness is progressive in nature, usually presenting in infancy and childhood. Audiometry on six deaf and seven unaffected subjects was consistent with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Based on formal family segregation analysis, the inheritance of deafness in this family closely fits the expectation of a two locus model owing to the simultaneous mutation of a mitochondrial gene and an autosomal recessive gene. Thus, this disorder appears to have the unusual features of being an inherited tissue specific mitochondrial disease and apparently requiring the homozygous presence of a nuclear gene for clinical expression. Most importantly, this disorder presents a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular basis of hereditary non-syndromic deafness and normal hearing.     

树突状细胞与移植免疫耐受研究进展

诱导供者特异性免疫耐受是最终克服移植排斥提高受者生存质量的有效途径之一。近年随着对树突状细胞发育成熟过程的认识步步深入，树突状细胞在移植排斥和移植耐受平衡中的双向调节作用引入注目。     

Glycoproteins present in human follicular fluid that inhibit the zona- binding capacity of spermatozoa

Previous studies have suggested that human follicular fluid contains factors that reduce the zona-binding capacity of spermatozoa. The present study provides further evidence of the existence of such factors. Using the hemizona binding assay (HZA), we have shown that the inhibitory effect of human follicular fluid on the zona-binding capacity of spermatozoa is concentration-dependent, an inhibitory effect being detected when the concentration of human follicular fluid was > or = 10%. A 1% concentration of human follicular fluid did not possess this inhibitory activity. Heating human follicular fluid at 56 degrees C for 30 min did not affect its inhibitory properties; treatment with proteinase-K abolished such inhibition. Human follicular fluid was fractionated sequentially by concanavalin-A affinity chromatography, Mono Q ion-exchange chromatography and Superose-12 gel filtration. The zona binding inhibitory activity resided in the fraction which bound to the lectin and Mono Q column and contained molecules with native molecular weights of 32 and 192 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that the 192 kDa glycoprotein was a tetramer, while the 32 kDa glycoprotein remained as a single molecular species under denaturing conditions. We conclude that two glycoproteins were responsible for the zona binding inhibitory activity of human follicular fluid. The physiological role of these factors remains unclear.