视盘血管炎的治疗

目的:研究视盘血管炎的发病机制,病因,病程经过,治疗方法及预后.方法:系统治疗和观察了视盘血管炎46例,其中视乳头水肿26例、30眼,中央静脉血栓型20例、20眼.对患者视力、视野、眼压、视乳头改变、眼底荧光血管造影及血象等进行了检查.对视乳头水肿型行CT颅脑扫描,眼压测量和脑脊液检查以除外颅内病变.所有患者均予以抗感染和抑制免疫反应疗法.结果:患者均在18个月内治愈.视乳头水肿型视盘血管炎半数视盘颜色变淡.中央静脉血栓型25%患者视盘颜色变淡,但其视力不下降.全部患者视力均有不同程度地提高.结论:视盘血管炎是一种非特异性内源性血管炎,是对广泛性抗原的过敏反应,抗感染和抑制免疫反应可以缩短病程,提高视力,减少并发症.     

KATP通道开放剂KRN2391对离体大鼠心肌梗死范围的影响

目的：探讨ＡＴＰ敏感性钾通道（ＫＡＴＰ通道）开放剂ＫＲＮ２３９１（ＫＲＮ）对离体大鼠心功能及心肌梗死范围的影响。方法：用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ装置,观察不同浓度ＫＲＮ对冠脉灌流量及左心室压力的影响。应用离体大鼠双冠脉分别灌注芊４５ｍｉｎ缺血及２ｈ再灌注,观察药物对心肌梗死面积的影响。结果：ＫＲＮ在达到１ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度后冠脉灌流量明显增加,达２０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ时左室收缩压明显下降,用１ｕｍｏｌ／ＬＫ     

老年病人麻醉期间氧供需平衡的研究

目的:研究老年病人麻醉期间氧代谢变化,并分析其原因,提出保护老年病人麻醉期间氧供需平衡的方法.方法:选择上腹部手术老年病人(年龄＞65岁)30例,按数字随机法分为全麻组(n＝15)和硬膜外麻醉组(n＝15),并随机选择青壮年上腹部手术病人10例,作全麻对照组.监测麻醉期间老年病人氧供(DO2)、氧耗(VO2)、氧摄取率(ERO2)、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SVO2)和动脉血乳酸含量(ABL)等指标动态变化的情况.结果:老年病人全麻组与硬膜外麻醉组比较:前者麻醉诱导后至术毕DO2、VO2、ERO2均小于后者,并且SVO2、ABL均大于后者,它们之间均有显著性差异或非常显著的统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).而老年全麻组与青壮年全麻对照组比较:前者DO2、VO2、ERO2小于后者,SVO2、ABL大于后者,而且它们之间也有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:上腹部手术老年病人全麻期间存在氧供需平衡障碍,出现明显的组织缺氧.根本的原因可能是老年病人微循环障碍的存在,而硬膜外麻醉有改善老年病人微循环障碍,纠正氧供需平衡失调的作用.     

二尖瓣脱垂的外科治疗

报道５７例二尖瓣脱垂（ＭＶＰ０不同术式的外科治疗效果。手术随机分为３组;传统的二尖瓣成形组,Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ线人工腱索替换组和瓣膜置换组。结果显示,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后每搏二尖瓣返流量明显少于Ⅰ组。各组术后长期随访机能状况均明显改善。ＭＶＰ的外科治疗应首选二尖瓣成形;而Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ线人工腱索替换和人造瓣环盛开有方法安全可靠,其效果优于传统的腱索成形,并可避免瓣膜置换术后长期抗凝的并发症。     

原发性高血压肝阳上亢证,肝肾阴虚证患者动态血压分析

对６２例原发性高血压肝阳上亢证、肝肾阴虚证病人正常活动状态下２４ｈ血压进行动态监测,分析两证型的血压变化规律。结果显示肝阳上亢证组血压呈昼高夜低、肝肾阴虚证组血压呈昼低夜高的规律性变化,表明２４ｈ动态血压监测值可作为原发必高血压辨证分型的客观指标之一。     

A simple test of the vicarious trial-and-error hypothesis of hippocampal function.

Vicarious trial-and-error (VTE) is a term that Muenzinger and Tolman used to describe the rat's conflict-like behavior before responding to choice. Recently, VTE was proposed as a mechanism alternative to the concept of "cognitive map" in accounts of hippocampal function. That is, many phenomena of impaired learning and memory related to hippocampal interventions may be explained by behavioral first principles: reduced conflicting, incipient, pre-choice tendencies to approach and avoid. The nonspatial black-white discrimination learning and VTE behavior of the rat were investigated. Hippocampal-lesioned and sham-lesioned animals were trained for 25 days (20 trials per day) starting at 60 days of age. Each movement of the head from one discriminative stimulus to the other was counted as a VTE instance. Lesioned rats had fewer VTEs than sham controls, and the former learned much more slowly or never learned. After learning, VTE frequency declined. Male and female rats showed no significant differences in VTE behavior or discrimination learning.     

Human papillomaviruses and papillomatosis lesions of the female lower genital tract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are involved in the development of papillomatosis lesions of the lower female genital tract.Methods: A total of 616 biopsy specimens of genital papillomatous lesions (307 nodular and 309 papular types) from 598 patients were anaylyzed for the presence of HPV DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These specimens were also examined by histopathological assessment for characteristic HPV-associated cytological changes, by immunohistochemical staining for HPV-associated antigen, and by electron microscopy for the presence of virions.Results: HPV DNA sequences were found in 97.9% (140 of 143 cases) and 1.1% (1 of 91 cases) of the nodular and papular papillomatosis cases tested, respectively. In 18 patients who had both types of papillomatosis lesions, HPV DNA was invariably found only in nodular tissues. HPV-associated antigen, koilocytosis, and virions were found in 53.6% (98 of 183 cases), 70.5% (129 of 183 cases), and 5.9% (5 of 85 cases) of nodular papillomatosis lesions tested, respectively.Conclusions: These data suggest that nodular papillomatosis was closely associated with HPV infection, but that papular papillomatosis of the lower female genital tract may have an etiology other than HPV infection.     

职业人群不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用

目的 探索不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系,以及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用,为预防高尿酸血症提供理论依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究设计,基于2021年10-12月来自四川省、贵州省28个地级市和重庆市33个区（县）中国铁路成都局集团有限公司的西南职业人群队列基线数据,通过问卷调查、体格测量及实验室生化检测收集研究对象的人口学特征、行为生活方式、慢性非传染性疾病患病情况。不健康行为生活方式得分根据吸烟、饮酒、膳食模式、体力活动和低体重/超重状况进行评分,分值越高不健康行为生活方式越多。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不健康行为生活方式评分、吸烟状况、饮酒状况等与高尿酸血症的关系,采用分层分析探索高血压等疾病对不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症之间关系的修饰效应。结果 共纳入11 748名研究对象,高尿酸血症患病率为34.4%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,现在吸/既往吸烟、现在饮/既往饮酒及BMI异常是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险呈现累积效应,随着得分的升高,高尿酸血症患病风险升高,OR值由1.64（95%CI：1.34~2.00）上升至2.89（95%CI：2.39~3.50）。分层分析结果显示,在高血压及血脂异常人群中,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险影响更大。结论 多种不健康行为生活方式的共存会升高高尿酸血症患病风险,这一效应在高血压、血脂异常人群中更明显。及时纠正不健康行为生活方式,并控制高血压和血脂异常,降低患高尿酸血症的风险。     

深圳市一孩先天性残疾家庭的二孩同类病研究

本文对深圳市1990～1997年因独生子女先天残疾通过病残儿鉴定再生育二孩的家庭进行调查,并以同期通过鉴定的后天性残疾家庭为内对照,以农村地区一孩先天残疾未经病残儿鉴定生育二孩的家庭为外对照,了解其二孩先天残疾再发情况,尤其是同类病的再发情况,拟对独生子女病残儿医学鉴定和二胎生育指标的审批工作效果进行评价,为优生工作提供依据。研究结果表明,鉴定组一孩先天残疾家庭二孩先天残疾的患病率为5.81％,与广州市1986～1991年情况类似(5.9％),高于外省(辽宁1990～1992年为1.35％)。鉴定组二胎同类病发生率为2.8％,非鉴定组为4.55％,两组比较虽无统计学差异,但病种上却有不同,鉴定组为再发风险低的血友病、先天性共转性内斜视、脑萎缩,而非鉴定组为再发风险高的先天聋哑、进行性肌萎缩。提示病残儿鉴定工作颇有成效,避免了相当一部分遗传病家庭再次生育残疾儿,但某些环节有待进一步完善;对农村一胎先天残疾家庭生育二胎也必须纳入管理范围。     

胺碘酮抑制缺血浦肯野纤维起搏离子流

目的观察正常及模拟“缺血”时胺碘酮对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流（Ｉｆ）的影响。方法双微电极电压钳制术,使膜电位过度极化以激活Ｉｆ。结果胺碘酮１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ在正常台氏液中显著降低浦肯野纤维Ｉｆ幅值;模拟“缺血”也使Ｉｆ幅值降低,在此基础上,胺碘酮使Ｉｆ幅值进一步减小,加剧了“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。结论提示胺碘酮能抑制心肌缺血时心室正常自律性活动。