A giant pelvic malignant schwannoma: a case report and literature review

Schwannomas are usually benign tumors that arise from well-differentiated Schwann cells. They rarely occur in the retroperitoneum. Here, we present a case of a 60-year-old man with a giant retroperitoneal pelvic mass. Imageological diagnosis suggested a large heterogeneous mass of 16 cm in diameter located in the abdominopelvic retroperitoneum. Complete intralesional enucleation was achieved without any adjacent organs injury except a severe bleeding which was ceased as we applied the bilateral inferior vesical artery embolization. Final histopathological result showed the tumor was a low malignant Schwannoma. The patient’s symptoms were greatly improved after operation. Unfortunately, a local recurrence was detected at the six-month follow-up appointment with consequent losing to follow up.     

Effect of survivin on tumor growth of colorectal cancer in vivo

Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family regulates two critical processes in neoplastic transformation, namely, cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to detect the effect of survivin on tumor growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) in vivo. We found that inhibition of survivin by interference decreased the sizes and weights of xenografts in nude mice. The number of apoptotic cells of the shRNA survivin group was higher than that of the black group and the shRNA control group. The downregulated expression of survivin decreased the expression levels of bcl2 and ki67. Our results indicated that inhibition of survivin significantly enhanced the inhibition of tumor growth and induced apoptosis. Survivin is an attractive target for CRC treatment.     

A novel method to identify and isolate proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) clusters and to extract high-quality PIA RNA

Epidemiological and histopathological studies have indicated that proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) of the prostate is closely associated with the onset and development of prostate cancer (PCa). However, accurate isolation of PIA still remains a difficult matter, as well as high-quality RNA extraction from isolated PIA. These issues generated a lack of molecular evidence to support the mechanistic explanation proposed for the progression of PIA to PCa. Therefore, the isolation of PIA and the extraction of high-quality RNA from isolated PIA are of great importance to further demonstrate the correlation between PIA and the development of PCa at a molecular level. In this study, clinical samples from radical prostatectomy were stored in liquid nitrogen, PIA was identified by H&E staining of cryosections, PIA clusters were isolated by manual microdissection, total RNA was extracted from the PIA clusters by Trizol, and RNA quality was determined using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. Our results showed that PIA might be isolated by manual microdissection of cryosections stored in liquid nitrogen from clinical radical prostatectomy and used for extracting high-quality RNA (RIN > 7.5) by Trizol. Therefore, the present study established a valid method to discover molecular evidence in support of the correlation between PIA and the development of PCa.     

Beneficial effects of polydatin on learning and memory in rats with chronic ethanol exposure

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of polydatin on cognitive function in rats self-administered with chronic ethanol levels. The levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) were also determined. In the in vivo study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an ethanol-administered rat model. Cognitive function was measured using the Morris water maze and the level of Cdk5 expression was measured to evaluate the effect of polydatin treatment. Cdk5 kinase activity and cell survival rate in primary hippocampal neuron cultures treated with ethanol or ethanol and polydatin were measured in the in vitro study. Polydatin reversed the performance impairments in chronic ethanol treated rats in Morris water maze test, and decreased unregulated Cdk5 expression. Moreover, polydatin increased cell survival rate, and decreased Cdk5 activity in the ethanol-treated primary culture of hippocampal neurons. The study results suggest that polydatin exhibits neuroprotective potential for ethanol induced neurotoxicity, both in vivo and in vitro, which is most likely related to its ability to target Cdk5 in neurons.     

椎-基底动脉结合部相关手术入路的显微解剖研究

目的研究显露椎-基底动脉结合部的相关手术入路的显微解剖,评价显露效率及范围及优缺点。方法显微解剖10例(20侧)成人头颅标本,通过乙状窦前入路、枕下乙状窦后入路、远外侧入路及经口入路4种方法显露椎-基底动脉结合部,测量各自显露的距离和范围。显露范围行主观评分。结果乙状窦前入路到椎-基底动脉汇合点距离为(55.23±3.80)cm,枕下乙状窦后入路到椎-基底动脉汇合点距离为(58.93±2.49)cm,远外侧入路到椎-基底动脉汇合点距离为(50.03±3.50)cm,经口入路到椎-基底动脉汇合点距离为(18.78±2.09)cm。经口入路显露距离最短,远外侧入路次之,乙状窦前入路再次,枕下乙状窦后入路显露距离最长。显露范围经口入路最小,其他三者差异无统计学意义。结论远外侧入路显露椎-基底动脉结合部距离较短,范围较大,效率相对较高。     

椎间撑开解剖复位对于退变性腰椎滑脱症价值的前瞻性比较研究

目的:通过前瞻性研究评价椎间撑开解剖复位对于退变性腰椎滑脱症价值。方法:2006年1月~2009年12月,对56例退变性腰椎滑脱症(II度以上)患者均施行经后路椎体间融合术(poster ior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF),但随机选择是否在术中进行解剖复位的操作,复位组30例,对照组26例,随访时比较两组病例的影像学、JOA功能障碍评分及并发症。结果:56例均获得13~46个月(平均32月)随访。复位组的影像学结果及最终融合率均优于对照组(P<0.01)。末次随访时,两组患者都有较高的JOA功能障碍评分,复位组略优于对照组(P<0.01)。复位组和对照组的并发症发生率分别为10%和23.1%。结论:经后路椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症术中进行解剖复位可以获得更为理想的影像学结果、植骨融合及生活质量。     

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: clinical and pathological findings in 29 cases

Objective: To determine the clinical and pathological features of basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the parotid gland. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 29 parotid BCAs in 28 patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, between October 2000 and June 2013. The tumors were categorized according to their location in the parotid gland as superior superficial lobe, inferior superficial lobe and deep lobe. Results: The mean age was 57.0 years (range, 32-83 years). The clinical manifestations of parotid BCAs were consistent with those of other benign parotid tumors. There were no significant differences in age, average disease duration and tumor size among the three tumor groups. There were 11 deep tumors (11/29, 37.9%), and five of them exhibited cystic degeneration (5/11, 45.5%). A total of 15 patients underwent FNAB examination, and the results were positive in seven patients (7/15, 46.7%). Mild facial nerve function impairment occurred in five patients (House-Brackmann grade II), of whom, three had recovered by the 6-month follow-up. No cases of local recurrence or malignant transformation were observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The clinical features of BCA are consistent with those of other benign tumors. The deep lobe of the parotid gland is more likely to develop BCAs, and thus, this diagnosis should be considered in patients with deep-lobe tumors, especially when accompanied with cystic degeneration. FNAB can increase the rate of preoperative diagnoses.     

Effects of bone marrow MSCs transfected with sRAGE on the intervention of HMGB1 induced immuno-inflammatory reaction

Background: High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) is an important proinflammatory molecule in many inflammatory disorders, but little is known about its role in acute liver failure (ALF). In this study, we determined the plasma and hepatic tissue levels of HMGB1 in a d-galactosamine-induced rat ALF model and investigated the effect of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) on ALF successfully. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups randomly. Group A (Control group, n=20) received administrated saline via peritoneal cavity. Group B (ALF group, n=20) induced by d-galactosamine (0.6 g/kg) via peritoneal cavity. Group C (HMGB1 group, n=20) were treated with HMGB1 recombination protein (200 μg/kg) via penile vein after ALF model induced. Group D (sRAGE group, n=20) received administrated sRAGE recombination protein (400 μg/kg) via penile vein after ALF model induced. Group E (sRAGE-MSC group, n=20) received 3×10⁶ MSC transplantation which could maintain a stable expression of sRAGE via penile vein after ALF model induced. Liver function, level of cytokines and liver pathological changes were measured. Results: We determined that the plasma levels and hepatic tissue levels of HMGB1 were significant increased in ALF model (P<0.05). SRAGE group and sRAGE-MSC group could significantly prolong ALF rat survival time, as well as improve its liver functions, inflammatory cytokines level and hepatocytes necrosis. Conclusion: SRAGE as a ligand decoy has illustrated largely beneficial effects on reducing immuno-inflammatory response, which holds promise for the identification of potential therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of RAGE activity in ALF.     

Effect of rTsP53 on the M1/M2 activation of bone-marrow derived macrophage in vitro

We investigated that if rTsP53 could be used to activate bone-marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) into M2 macrophage and stop M1 macrophage activation. After 72 h incubation in blank culture medium, cells with PE-CCR7 (-) and FITC-CD206 (-) was extracted and its mean proportion was 92.30 ± 0.22%. With the stimulation of 20 μg/ml IFN-γ for 72 h, cells with PE-CCR7 (+) was extracted and its mean proportion was 16.24 ± 0.82%. With the stimulation of IL-3/IL-14 (both 10 μg/ml) for 72 h, cells with FICT-CD206 (+) was extracted and its mean proportion was 87.32 ± 4.29%. Co-incubation with different dose of rTsP53 (0.001 μg/ml, 0.01 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, respectively) for 72 h, FITC-CD206 (+) macrophage was extracted. The mean proportion in each group was 1.09 ± 0.22%, 2.13 ± 0.13%, 4.91 ± 0.07%, 5.48 ± 0.29%, 9.81 ± 0.06%, 12.83 ± 0.55%, 17.87 ± 0.02%, respectively. The dose of rTsP53 was significantly positive correlated to the proportion of FITC-CD206 (+) macrophage. Co-incubation with 20 μg/ml IFN-γ and 5 μg/ml rTsP53 for 72 h, cells with PE-CCR7 (+) was extracted and its mean proportion was 10.60 ± 0.19%. Compared to that of mere co-incubation with IFN-γ, there was significant difference between the two groups. ELISA showed that Th1 cytokines’ (IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α) level decreased in the culture medium supernatant of BMDM co-incubated with rTsP53. There was negative correlation between the Th1 cytokines’ level and the dose of rTsP53. Both Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and regulatory cytokines in the culture medium increased. There was positive correlation between the Th2 cytokines’ level and the dose of rTsP53. There was also positive correlation between the regulatory cytokines’ level and the dose of rTsP53. Compared to that of BMDM co-incubated with IFN-γ, levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significant lower than that of BMDM co-incubated with both IFN-γ and rTsP53 (both P < 0.05), while the levels of IL-4 and TGF-β were significant higher (both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of IL-13 and IL-10 between the two groups.