利比里亚埃博拉防控指挥协调体系特点分析

利比里亚在防控埃博拉病毒病(Ebola virus disease,EVD)疫情中,逐步构建形成一套相应的指挥协调体系。中国人民解放军首批援利医疗队赴利执行埃博拉病毒病患者诊疗任务以来,积极参与并融入利比里亚埃博拉防控指挥协调体系。作者作为我军首位援利埃博拉诊疗中心医院院长,亲自参与了利比里亚埃博拉防控指挥协调体系相关工作。本文分析总结认为该体系具有应急组建、结构开放、实体运作、交互作用、利方主导等特点,在埃博拉疫情防控中发挥了重要作用。针对我国未来疫情防控需求,有针对性地提出了强化联防联控机制、改进援外实施策略、提高疫情防控能力、深化军队走出战略等建议。     

PBL案例法在眼科临床见习中的应用

目的:探讨PBL与案例法相结合在眼科临床见习教学中的效果。方法:临床医学专业本科见习生84人,随机分为PBL案例法教学实验组(42人)和传统教学对照组(42人),通过问卷满意度调查、理论考试、临床考核对两组学生进行测评。结果:实验组和对照组理论考试成绩无明显差异。临床考核中实验组的成绩明显优于对照组。问卷调查显示实验组的学生对PBL案例法教学有很高的满意度。结论:PBL案例教学法能明显提高学生的综合素质教学效果,而不会影响眼科基础知识的学习。     

降钙素在伴高血钙慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常血透患者的疗效分析

目的探讨降钙素在长期血透并慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常(chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)伴高血钙患者的应用价值.方法选取昆明医科大学附属延安医院维持血透2 a以上伴高血钙CKD-MBD患者64例,随机分为2组,对照组:口服骨化三醇0~0.5μg/d治疗,实验组:加用依降钙素20μg/周,肌肉注射治疗,3周、6周后观察2组骨关节疼痛评分、血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、钙磷乘积[Ca]×[P]、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT)变化.结果治疗3周后、6周后实验组与对照组、治疗前比较,骨关节疼痛评分、Ca、[Ca]×[P]有不同程度下降(P<0.05),CT有不同程度升高(P<0.05);6周后血清PTH、P明显下降(P<0.05).结论降钙素能短期内改善CKD-MBD血透患者的高血钙状态,为继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、高磷血症的治疗创造了有利条件,同时对改善骨关节疼痛症状有明显效果.     

急性丙型肝炎患者抗－HCV－IgM检测的临床意义

采用重组ＨＣＶ抗原片段Ｃ２２和３３ｃ包被酶标板孔，以间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，检测４０例输血后急性丙型肝炎患者血清抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ。４０例患者均在起病后４０天内出现抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性，抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性密切相关，抗体阳性持续时间因病程是否转为慢性而不同。２３例自限性急性丙型肝炎（丙肝）患者，在起病后６个月内抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ全部阴转并伴有ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转，而１７例转慢的急性丙肝患者中１５例抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ持续阳性，其ＨＣＶＲＮＡ亦持续阳性或间断阳性。提示急性丙肝检测抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ，可作为抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测的一个补充，在反映病情和判断预后方面有一定作用     

既往有偿献血(浆)人群中艾滋病毒与丙型肝炎病毒共感染研究

我们通过对我国中部地区90年代中期因有偿献血感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的300例患者的血液标本进行HIV、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的血清学和分子生物学检测，了解有偿献血HIV感染人群的HCV共感染率、共感染者流行病学和基因型分布特征。     

Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation as alternative to allotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

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Gelsolin mediates calcium-dependent disassembly of Listeria actin tails

The role of intracellular Ca²⁺ in the regulation of actin filament assembly and disassembly has not been clearly defined. We show that reduction of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) to <40 nM in Listeria monocytogenes-infected, EGFP–actin-transfected Madin–Darby canine kidney cells results in a 3-fold lengthening of actin filament tails. This increase in tail length is the consequence of marked slowing of the actin filament disassembly rate, without a significant change in assembly rate. The Ca²⁺-sensitive actin-severing protein gelsolin concentrates in the Listeria rocket tails at normal resting [Ca²⁺]_i and disassociates from the tails when [Ca²⁺]_i is lowered. Reduction in [Ca²⁺]_i also blocks the severing activity of gelsolin, but not actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin microinjected into Listeria-infected cells. In Xenopus extracts, Listeria tail lengths are also calcium-sensitive, markedly shortening on addition of calcium. Immunodepletion of gelsolin, but not Xenopus ADF/cofilin, eliminates calcium-sensitive actin-filament shortening. Listeria tail length is also calcium-insensitive in gelsolin-null mouse embryo fibroblasts. We conclude that gelsolin is the primary Ca²⁺-sensitive actin filament recycling protein in the cell and is capable of enhancing Listeria actin tail disassembly at normal resting [Ca²⁺]_i (145 nM). These experiments illustrate the unique and complementary functions of gelsolin and ADF/cofilin in the recycling of actin filaments.     

生长激素在神经系统疾病治疗中的作用

生长激素的生理作用主要是促进物质代谢与生长发育。研究表明,生长激素对机体各器官和各组织均有影响,在神经系统疾病的神经再生和神经保护过程中,生长激素也起到了一定的作用。本文总结生长激素治疗常见神经系统疾时所起的作用以及可能的机制。     

Overexpression of Raf-1 and ERK1/2 in sacral chordoma and association with tumor recurrence

Chordoma is a rare and low-malignant neoplasm which is considered to arise from notochord remnants. Due to its large resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgical resection so far is the prior treatment for chordoma. However, the recurrence rate is high even after complete surgical resection. Recently, targeted cancer therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in several other tumors, while the related research on chordoma is rare. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is acknowledged to participate in tumor development, in which Raf-1 and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) play vital roles. In this study, we evaluated the expression of Raf-1 and ERK1/2 by immunohistochemical staining in 42 chordoma tissue and 16 distant normal tissue. Moreover, we also investigated the correlations of Raf-1 and ERK1/2 expression with clinical features in sacral chordoma. Expression of Raf-1 and ERK1/2 was both significantly higher in sacral chordoma tissue than distant normal tissue (P = 0.008, P = 0.019). Raf-1 positive expression was related to surrounding muscle invasion (P = 0.032) and chordoma recurrence (P = 0.002), but the results did not indicate any association with patients’ age, gender, tumor size and location. ERK1/2 was associated with tumor size (P = 0.044) instead of other clinical factors (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation test showed close relation between ERK1/2 and Raf-1 (P = 0.001, r = 0.518). Kaplan–Meier survival Curve and log-rank test showed that Raf-1 positive expression was associated with shorter continuous disease-free survival time (CDFS) (P = 0.001), while ERK1/2 had no relation to CDFS (P = 0.961). Conclusively, Raf-1 may be an important biomarker in predicting the prognosis of chordoma patients.     

Detection of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma using pyrosequencing

Recent clinical trials on patients with glioblastoma revealed that O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status significantly predicts patient’s response to alkylating agents. In this study, we sought to develop and validate a quantitative MGMT methylation assay using pyrosequencing on glioblastoma. We quantified promoter methylation of MGMT using pyrosequencing on paraffin-embedded fine needle aspiration biopsy tissues from 43 glioblastoma. Using a 10% cutoff, MGMT methylation was identified in 37% cases of glioblastoma and 0% of the non-neoplastic epileptic tissue. Methylation of any individual CpG island in MGMT promoter ranged between 33% and 95%, with a mean of 65%. By a serial dilution of genomic DNA of a homogenously methylated cancer cell line with an unmethylated cell line, the analytical sensitivity is at 5% for pyrosequencing to detect MGMT methylation. The minimal amount of genomic DNA required is 100 ng (approximately 3,000 cells) in small fine needle biopsy specimens. Compared with methylation-specific PCR, pyrosequencing is comparably sensitive, relatively specific, and also provides quantitative information for each CpG methylation.