单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

Multiple Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin System Are Novel Targets of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of CKD and cardiovascular disease. However, current anti-RAS therapy only has limited efficacy, partly because of compensatory upregulation of renin expression. Therefore, a treatment strategy to simultaneously target multiple RAS genes is necessary to achieve greater efficacy. By bioinformatics analyses, we discovered that the promoter regions of all RAS genes contained putative T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)-binding sites, and β-catenin induced the binding of LEF-1 to these sites in kidney tubular cells. Overexpression of either β-catenin or different Wnt ligands induced the expression of all RAS genes. Conversely, a small-molecule β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 abolished RAS induction. In a mouse model of nephropathy induced by adriamycin, either transient therapy or late administration of ICG-001 abolished established proteinuria and kidney lesions. ICG-001 inhibited renal expression of multiple RAS genes in vivo and abolished the expression of other Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Moreover, ICG-001 therapy restored expression of nephrin, podocin, and Wilms’ tumor 1, attenuated interstitial myofibroblast activation, repressed matrix expression, and inhibited renal inflammation and fibrosis. Collectively, these studies identify all RAS genes as novel downstream targets of Wnt/β-catenin. Our results indicate that blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling can simultaneously repress multiple RAS genes, thereby leading to the reversal of established proteinuria and kidney injury.     

MRI随访观察鼻咽癌放疗前后腮腺及颌下腺体积变化

目的基于鼻咽癌放疗前后的MRI图像,观察放疗后腮腺及颌下腺体积变化。方法回顾性分析43例鼻咽癌放疗患者,基于轴位T2W压脂图像,逐层手动勾画各唾液腺边界,以面积求和法获得各腺体体积,计算放疗后首次随访(3个月)、1年及2年的唾液腺萎缩率。采用配对t检验对放疗后3个月患、健侧腮腺及颌下腺萎缩率进行比较。患、健侧腮腺及颌下腺萎缩率随时间变化(3个月、1年、2年)的比较采用重复测量检验。结果 1放疗后3个月患、健侧腮腺及颌下腺萎缩率的差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。患侧及健侧腮腺萎缩率均明显大于颌下腺(P均0.05)。2放疗后3个月、1年及2年患、健侧腮腺萎缩率均逐渐减小,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),而患、健侧颌下腺萎缩率差异均无明显统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论鼻咽癌放疗后腮腺体积下降较颌下腺更加明显,患、健侧唾液腺体积变化无明显差异;长期随访显示腮腺体积呈恢复趋势,而颌下腺体积无明显变化。     

相变高分子微球增效高强度聚焦超声消融裸鼠骨肉瘤

目的制备相变高分子微球,观察其增效高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融裸鼠骨肉瘤模型的效果。方法制备包裹液态氟碳的高分子微球,检测其形态、结构、粒径电位及相变条件;建立裸鼠骨肉瘤模型,随机分为空白组(不予处理)、对照组(注射生理盐水)和实验组1、2、3(注射稀释倍数分别为5、10、20倍的Pct-MP溶液),处理后立即用海级星对肿瘤进行辐照。于辐照后即刻和72h提取标本并观察坏死面积、行HE染色,并对72h提取的标本的坏死周边组织进行细胞增殖和凋亡测定。结果成功制备相变高分子微球;HIFU辐照后即刻提取的标本,实验组1、2的坏死面积与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),但与实验组3的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);72h后提取的标本,实验组1、2的坏死面积进一步扩大、与辐照后即刻提取的标本的差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。HIFU辐照72h后,实验组1、2、3与对照组间坏死周边组织的凋亡和增殖指数差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论在骨肉瘤裸鼠模型中,自制相变高分子微球能够增强HIFU对于骨肉瘤的消融效果,增强作用与微球浓度有关。     

四种特殊类型胃癌的诊治进展

胃癌除了常见的组织学类型之外,尚可见到一些特殊组织学类型和临床病理特征的病例,如神经内分泌癌、肝样腺癌、淋巴上皮瘤样癌、遗传性弥漫性胃癌等,因其具有特殊的诊治措施及预后,临床工作中我们应予重视.本文就上述四种特殊类型胃癌的诊断、治疗及预后临床进展进行综述.     

胆道结石并发肝内胆管癌风险的Meta分析

目的 明确肝外胆管结石及胆囊结石并发肝内胆管癌(Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)风险,为胆道结石的临床治疗提供参考.方法 计算机检索PubMed、EmBase以及CBM等数据库,查找胆道结石以及胆囊结石并发ICC风险的队列研究或者病例对照研究.应用STATA软件对所获得研究数据行Meta分析,根据研究间异质性选择固定效应模型或者随机效应模型.采用Egger检验评估发表偏倚.结果 共有6篇病例对照研究纳入分析,包括123 713例患者,其中ICC 4 753例,无瘤对照118 960例.Meta分析结果显示,胆管结石为ICC发病的高危因素(OR:17.64,95％ CI:11.14 ～27.95),除外肝内胆管结石,肝外胆管结石导致的ICC发病风险仍较高(OR:11.79,95％ CI:4.17～ 33.35).此外,胆囊结石也是ICC发病危险因素(OR:2.07,95％ CI:1.17 ～3.67).结论 肝外胆管结石与胆囊结石均为ICC发病的重要危险因素.     

预防性镇痛在胃癌根治术中应用价值的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨预防性镇痛方案在胃癌患者行胃癌根治术中的应用价值.方法 选取2012年7月至2013年6月第四军医大学西京消化病医院行胃癌根治术的161例患者行前瞻性随机研究.采用随机、单盲对照法,通过随机数字表法将入组患者分为预防性镇痛组和对照组.两组患者行胃癌根治术,包括传统胃大部分切除联合毕Ⅱ式吻合术,或全胃切除联合食管空肠吻合术,术后均经空肠营养管给予肠内营养.预防性镇痛组开腹前给予地塞米松10 mg和帕瑞昔布200 mg静脉注射,开腹前、入腹后、关腹时在腹壁切口周围浸润注射0.5％罗哌卡因7～8 mL,术后连续3d口服塞来昔布.对照组仅在术后给予静脉留置管泵注入镇痛剂.记录2组患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后每天下床活动时间＞8h的患者例数、术后肛门排气时间、术后排便时间、住院时间.正态分布的计量资料采用x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验和重复测量方差分析;偏态分布数据和等级资料采用秩和检验;计数资料采用四格表x2检验.结果 筛选出符合研究条件的患者161例,分为预防性镇痛组(87例)和对照组(74例).预防性镇痛组患者术后第1、2、3天VAS评分分别为(2.8±0.6)分、(2.6±0.4)分、(1.8±0.4)分,对照组患者分别为(5.3±0.5)分、(4.2±0.6)分、(2.4±0.3)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.25,P＜0.05).预防性镇痛组患者术后第1、2、3天每天下床活动时间＞8h的例数分别为8、17、20例,对照组分别为0、3、11例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.60,10.26,3.16,P＜0.05).预防性镇痛组患者术后肛门排气时间、术后排便时间和术后住院时间分别为(51 ±24)h、(61 ±24)h、(5.5 ±3.0)d,对照组分别为(71 ±23)h、(83±30)h、(6.3±2.1)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.32,5.04,0.17,P＜0.05).两组患者术后均顺利康复,未出现呼吸抑制和切口感染等并发症及药物不良反应.结论 胃癌患者施行胃癌根治术围术期采用预防性镇痛方案,可减轻患者术后疼痛,促进患者肠道功能恢复,加速患者术后康复.临床试验注册在中国临床试验注册中心注册,注册号为ChiCTR-TRC-11001440.     

新辅助化疗在进展期胃癌中的临床应用

目的评估进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗的治疗效果。方法选择2011年9月至2014年12月安徽省肿瘤医院收治进展期胃癌患者70例,根据治疗方法,70例患者分为新辅助化疗组（46例）和单纯手术组（24例）。新辅助化疗组患者进行3个周期的 XELOX 方案新辅助化疗再行手术,两组患者均接受标准胃癌切除手术,观察评估化疗疗效并对比手术治疗效果。结果新辅助化疗组患者化疗有效率为63.04％。新辅助化疗组患者的 R0切除率为94.48％,R1或 R2切除率为6.52％,单纯手术组患者的 R0切除率为70.83％,R1或 R2切除率为29.17％,新辅助化疗组患者的 R0切除率明显高于单纯手术组（P ＜0.05）。两组均无手术死亡病例,术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论 XELOX 方案可作为有效的进展期胃癌新辅助化疗方案,进展期胃癌患者在新辅助化疗后再进行手术治疗,可以提高手术根治率和切除率。     

Intramuscular schwannoma: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features

INTRODUCTION

Schwannomas that arise within the muscle plane are called intramuscular schwannomas. The low incidence of these tumours and the lack of specific clinical features make preoperative diagnosis difficult. Herein, we report our experience with intramuscular schwannomas. We present details of the clinical presentation, radiological diagnosis and management of these tumours.

METHODS

Between January 2011 and December 2013, 29 patients were diagnosed and treated for histologically proven schwannoma at the National University Hospital, Singapore. Among these 29 patients, eight (five male, three female) had intramuscular schwannomas.

RESULTS

The mean age of the eight patients was 40 (range 27–57) years. The most common presenting feature was a palpable mass. The mean interval between surgical treatment and the onset of clinical symptoms was 17.1 (range 4–72) months. Six of the eight tumours (75.0%) were located in the lower limb, while 2 (25.0%) were located in the upper limb. None of the patients had any preoperative neurological deficits. Tinel’s sign was present in one patient. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed that the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign were present in all patients. The entry and exit sign was observed in 4 (50.0%) patients, a hyperintense rim was observed in 7 (87.5%) patients and the target sign was observed in 5 (62.5%) patients. All patients underwent microsurgical excision of the tumour and none developed any postoperative neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION

Intramuscular schwannomas demonstrate the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign on MR imaging. These findings are useful for the radiological diagnosis of intramuscular schwannoma.