胸科手术病人全凭静脉麻醉瑞芬太尼靶控输注浓度的剂量探讨

目的 探讨胸科手术全凭静脉麻醉中瑞芬太尼的靶控输注浓度.方法 45例择期行胸科手术病人,AsA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄40～65岁,体重50～75kg.根据瑞芬太尼靶浓度不同随机分为3组:4ng/ml组(Ⅰ组),6ng/ml组(Ⅱ组),8ng/ml组(Ⅲ组).麻醉诱导为分别TCI 3种不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼和3μg/ml的异丙酚,待病人意识消失后,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,1 min后行气管插管.麻醉维持3组瑞芬太尼靶控浓度维持不变,调节异丙酚靶浓度维持脑电双频指数(BIS)在45～55之间,间断注射罗库溴铵维持肌松.记录病人平卧10min(T0),麻醉诱导后气管插管前即刻(T1),气管插管即刻(T2),切皮后即刻(T3),开胸探查(T4)、缝皮(T5)、拔管(T6)时的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAF)、心率(HR)、BIS值.并在以上时间点抽取静脉血检测血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度.结果 Ⅰ组病人的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR、NE、E浓度在气管插管即刻、切皮后即刻、开胸探查、拔管时均明显升高(P＜0.05或0.01),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组各指标仅在拔管时高于基础值(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组在插管前血压、HR均较基础值明显下降(P＜0.05或0.01).麻醉诱导后插管前的血压、HRⅢ组与Ⅰ组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),NE、E及HR在气管插管即刻、切皮后即刻、开胸探查时Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 全凭静脉麻醉下胸科手术病人靶控输注6ng/ml瑞芬太尼以联合3μg/ml的异丙酚较为适宜.     

腰椎峡部裂并脊柱滑脱的CT诊断

目的分析腰椎峡部裂并脊柱滑脱患者的CT表现,加深认识。方法回顾腰椎峡部裂（62例）并脊柱滑脱（44例）患者的CT平扫资料。结果腰椎峡部裂并脊柱滑脱患者的CT表现：①关节突间部的骨性缺损;②椎管狭窄;③侧隐窝狭窄;④椎间盘变形。结论腰椎峡部裂并脊柱滑脱CT平扫有一定特征性表现。     

天麻有效成分制备与测定简易方法的探讨

目的探讨简单易行的天麻有效成分提取与测定的方法。方法将天麻用70％乙醇加热回流法制备天麻提取物，高效液相色谱法测定天麻素含量，并用紫外分光光度法测量，制天麻素含量-吸光度曲线。结果用70％乙醇加热回流法提取所得天麻提取物中天麻素含量为1．6mg／mL，紫外分光光度法测定天麻素含量在100μg／mL-300μg／mL范围与吸光度（A224nm）呈线性关系（天麻素含量Cμg／mL=-688．317＋286．000×A224nm，t=5．690，p〈0．05）。结论采用70％乙醇加热回流法制备天麻提取物，并用紫外分光光度法测定其中天麻，素含量，方法简单易行，成本低廉。     

1型糖尿病伴认知功能损伤小鼠脑组织肠道菌群代谢物的改变

目的 探讨在发生认知功能损伤的1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)小鼠脑组织中肠道菌群代谢物的变化。方法 选取20只6周龄C57BL/6小鼠,适应性喂养1周后采用数字表法随机分为对照组(Control组,n=10)和1型糖尿病模型组(DM组,n=10)进行处理。采用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导T1DM小鼠,造模成功8周后进行Morris水迷宫检测,随后收集小鼠脑组织采用宏代谢组学检测肠道菌群代谢产物,并分析差异代谢物以及代谢通路。结果 STZ腹腔注射后8周DM组小鼠空间学习和记忆能力明显受损,表现为Morris水迷宫中逃避潜伏期显著增加(P<0.001),平均游泳距离显著增加(P=0.001),目的象限所在时间(P=0.043)和穿越平台次数显著减少(P=0.004)。采用宏代谢组学鉴定了脑组织中123种肠道菌群代谢物并发现了谷氨酰胺(Log₂FC=0.262,P=0.002)、酒石酸(Log₂FC=0.847,P=0.017)、乳酸(Log₂FC=0.326,P=0.002)和间氨基苯甲酸(Log₂FC=1.028,P=0.046)、3-氨基异丁酸(Log₂FC=-1.466,P=0.049)、葡萄糖酸内酯(Log₂FC=-0.796,P=0.043)和苏糖酸(Log₂FC=-0.310,P=0.042)、吲哚乳酸(Log₂FC=-1.252,P=0.030)、酮亮氨酸(Log₂FC=-0.922,P=0.040)、3-羟基丁酸(Log₂FC=-0.372,P=0.009)以及肉豆蔻酸(Log₂FC=-0.563,P=0.035)11种显著差异代谢物,涉及14个主要相关代谢通路,包括嘧啶代谢、氨基酸代谢、糖代谢、短链脂肪酸代谢等。结论 DM小鼠脑组织中多种肠道菌群代谢物水平发生显著变化,靶向肠道菌群及其相关代谢通路有望成为治疗T1DM诱导的认知功能障碍的有效策略。     

Phacoemulsification,Intraocular Lens Implantation,Goniosynechialysis, and Pseudo-Pupilloplasty for Refractory Acute Primary Angle Closure with Atonic Dilated Pupil

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of prompt phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, visco-goniosynechialysis, combined with pseudo-pupilloplasty for refractory acute primary angle closure (APAC) with atonic dilated pupil and to describe a feasible method of pupilloplasty.MethodsA consecutive series of refractory APAC patients who had atonic dilated pupil and undergone prompt phacoemulsification combined with pseudo-pupilloplasty at our center were retrospectively analyzed. Pseudo-pupilloplasty referred to a method of pupilloplasty which included 4.5-mm capsulorhexis, postoperative opacification of anterior capsule residue, and ultimate pseudo-pupil formation. Preoperative and postoperative measurements included intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were documented. The process of pseudo-pupil formation was also observed.ResultsA total of 20 eyes of 19 APAC patients were followed up for 19.7 ± 9.8 months. IOP was lowered from preoperative 44.0 ± 9.8 mmHg to 15.5 ± 2.6 mmHg at final visit (t = 11.945, P < 0.001). ACD was deepened from preoperative 1.77 ± 0.21 mm to 3.40 ± 0.20 mm at final visit (t = –27.711, P < 0.001). Twelve of 20 eyes had residual angle synechiae, whereas only 3 eyes needed anti-glaucoma medications. No severe complication was observed. All eyes had pseudo-pupil gradually formed within 3 months, accompanied with the gradual improvement of BCVA from preoperative 1.18 ± 0.55 to 0.58 ± 0.22, 0.26 ± 0.09, 0.11 ± 0.09, and 0.11 ± 0.09 at postoperative day 1, month 1, month 3, and last visit.ConclusionsPrompt phacoemulsification-goniosynechialysis is effective and safe for refractory APAC with atonic dilated pupil. Pseudo-pupilloplasty is a feasible procedure for pupil reconstruction.     

A Case of Refractory Childhood Glaucoma Secondary to Weill-Marchesani Syndrome: Management with Combined CO2 Laser-Assisted Sclerectomy Surgery and Trabeculectomy

A 2-year-old girl was diagnosed as Weill-Marchesani syndrome with typical systemic features of short stature, short and stubby hands and feet, language disorders and mental retardation. He developed bilateral angle closure glaucoma, ectopia lentis and suffered visual loss from the ocular features of Weill-Marchesani syndrome. The child was successfully treated by combined CO₂ laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery and trabeculectomy.     

HIV/AIDS患者心理痛苦评估工具的研究进展

在艾滋病心理研究领域,心理痛苦作为一种新界定的负性情绪,日渐引起国内外研究者的关注,使用量表对其进行评价是最常用的评估方法。为此,本文分析了国内外应用较广泛、信效度较好的艾滋病心理痛苦评估工具,结果显示,国外相关研究较为成熟,已有较完善的评估量表,应用领域较广泛;而我国此方面的研究尚处于起步阶段,可在借鉴国外相关量表和研究的基础上,开发适合我国国情和文化背景的艾滋病心理痛苦评估工具。     

基于木通皂苷探讨中药质量评价用对照提取物研究

在分析总结中药对照提取物应用现状的基础上,提出中药质量评价用对照提取物根据用途不同,分为3类:①药材或挥发油对照提取物,用于原药材提取物或含原药材的中成药薄层鉴别;②组分对照提取物,用于某类组分鉴别或色谱峰定位;③标示了待测成分含量的对照提取物,可用于样品的定量分析。针对第3类对照提取物,以木通皂苷为例,从制备工艺、成分鉴定和含量分析等方面探讨了其研制思路和方法。     

围刺配合电针对乳腺增生大鼠乳头大小、乳腺病理变化、血清性激素含量和雌激素受体表达的影响

目的:探讨围刺配合电针治疗乳腺增生的作用机制。方法:将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、针刺组和药物组。采用己烯雌酚联合黄体酮肌肉注射的方法建立乳腺增生模型。针刺组在大鼠第2对左右乳房进行围刺后,电针30min,并针刺膻中穴,留针30min,1次/d,共治疗30d;药物组每日予以三苯氧胺(1.8mg/kg)灌胃。于治疗前,治疗10、20、30d测量各组大鼠第2对乳头高度、直径;于末次治疗后采用放射免疫法检测血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、泌乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)含量;取大鼠第2对乳房常规H.E.染色,光镜下观察组织形态表现;运用免疫组化法观察乳腺组织雌激素受体(ER)表达情况。结果:模型组乳头高度、直径均高于正常组(P<0.05),治疗后针刺组和药物组乳头高度、直径均低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组E2、PRL、T含量明显高于正常组(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组E2、PRL、T含量均低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组P含量低于正常组(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组P含量高于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组与正常组乳腺组织形态比较,乳腺小叶、腺泡、腺导管数目明显较多,腺泡腔和腺导管明显扩张;针刺组和药物组与模型组比较,乳腺小叶、腺泡、腺导管数均减少,腺泡腔及腺导管萎缩。模型组乳腺组织ER阳性细胞表达与正常组相比明显增高(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组大鼠乳腺组织ER阳性细胞表达与模型组比较明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:围刺配合电针能够改善大鼠乳腺组织病理形态,其作用与调节血清性激素含量及降低乳腺组织ER表达有关。     

血管平滑肌瘤一例

患者，女，55岁。右小腿结节伴疼痛4年。皮肤超声检查：肿块位于皮肤真皮深层及皮下组织，实性，低回声，边界较清晰，大小约3.85 mm×3.22 mm×2.13 mm。组织病理学检查符合血管平滑肌瘤诊断。