国际听力学研究最新文献导读:助听器与听力康复

目的:介绍近期以英文为主的国际听力学文献,以国际会议、主要杂志编辑部推荐的文章为主,使读者能够基本了解国外本专业的发展趋势。本文侧重以助听器选配、验证以及听力康复为主。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline和听力学主要杂志(EarandHearing、TheHearingJournal等),检索时间为2003-2005年,检索词限定为“audiology,hearingaid,auralrehabilitation,hearingscience”,并限定语言种类为英文,对于耳外科学等相关领域则基本不予涉及。资料选择:对所检索到的文献进行初审,选取影响力比较大的作者、涉及面比较广泛的文章,而且作者以往同类文章较多或被引用次数较多者。选文时,参考主要杂志编辑部推荐或特邀的作者的综述类文章,同时参考以往重要国际会议专题报告人选的文章。以有利于读者在短时间内了解听力学研究整体概况,然后根据需要查找相关文献。资料提炼:供查找文献94余篇,筛选出37篇用以综述。资料综合:助听器和听力康复从业者涉及医学、商业、工业制造、研究等多个领域,本文选择了与临床使用为主的研究文章37篇,从不同角度介绍助听器选配、验证以及听力康复前沿的发展动态。结论:听力学在专业人员的努力下,借助于生物、医学、电子、声学、教育和计算机等专业的发展,近年来取得了飞速发展,许多观念需要更新。     

隐匿阴茎的分类和手术治疗

目的：探讨隐匿阴茎的分类和手术治疗方法。方法：手术治疗33例隐匿阴茎患者，年龄l岁3个月-25岁，平均6．2岁。根据Bergeson(1993)的隐匿阴茎的分类标准，埋藏阴茎29例，蹼状阴茎2例，束缚阴茎2例。结果：术后随访2个月-1年，所有患者术后阴茎外观满意，阴茎皮肤与阴茎体附着正常。结论：对隐匿阴茎不能指望青春期发育时耻骨前脂肪组织减少或简单行包茎松解术就能得到解决，正确的分类和恰当的手术治疗才能取得良好效果。     

子宫内膜异位症患者血清及腹腔液中血小板衍生生长因子、血管细胞粘附分子水平的变化及其意义

目的通过检测子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者血清及腹腔液中血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、血管细胞粘附分子-(VCAM-1)浓度,探讨PDGF和VCAM-1在EMs发病中的作用。方法选取手术后病理证实为EMs的40例患者为EMs组,其中I~II期17例,III~IV23例;非EMs组20例作为对照组。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清及腹腔液中PDGF和VCAM-1水平。结果EMs组血清及腹腔液中PDGF、VCAM-1水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。随EMs期别的增加,其血清和腹腔液中PDGF、VCAM-1含量呈上升趋势;EMsIII~IV期水平显著高于I~II期(P<0.05)。EMs患者PDGF与VCAM-1呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论EMs患者PDGF、VCAM-1表达水平升高,在EMs的发生发展中具有重要作用。     

Regulation of interleukin 6 expression in murine bone marrow stromal cells.

The regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression in the B-lymphocyte-supporting murine stromal cell line BMS2 has been examined in response to exogenous cytokines and chemical agents. Kinetic analyses of IL-6 mRNA induction and decay are presented together with analysis of the IL-6 biological activity. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 (alpha and beta), and transforming growth factor beta, as well as forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, all induce a transient rise in the steady-state level of IL-6 mRNA and an increased release of IL-6 protein. To study its regulation at the chromatin level, the murine IL-6 genomic gene has been cloned. Induction of IL-6 expression correlates with increased DNA nicking, consistent with increased topoisomerase I and endogenous nuclease activity. This finding is supported by kinetic analyses using camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor. We conclude that IL-6 regulation in murine stromal cells capable of supporting B-lymphopoiesis is comparable to that observed in human diploid fibroblasts.     

Effects of Ro 15-4513 and ethanol on operant behavior of male and female C57BL/6 mice.

Although the partial benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, Ro 15-4513, counteracts many ethanol effects, its effect on operant behavior or on ethanol-induced changes in this behavior, remains controversial. In this study, we examined the effects of Ro 15-4513, ethanol, and their interaction on behavior maintained by an FR 20 schedule of food reinforcement. Ro 15-4513 (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) and ethanol (1.5-3.0 g/kg) reduced lever-responding of both male and female mice. The disruptive effect of Ro 15-4513 was of short duration (approximately 10 min), and was greater in male than in female mice. Under equivalent dose and time parameters, ethanol disrupted behavior of both sexes to the same extent. In spite of the disruptive effects of both drugs when given alone, when given after ethanol and prior to testing, Ro 15-4513 attenuated the disruptive effects of ethanol in male mice. The present study extends previous reports by documenting: (1) that the disruptive effect of Ro 15-4513 on mice is of very short duration and occurs at lower doses than previously reported; (2) that, in spite of being disruptive itself, Ro 15-4513 can attenuate the disruptive effects of ethanol on schedule controlled behavior; and (3) that gender is an important consideration in determining the effects of this compound.     

老年病人上腹部手术后应用PCEA的临床效果观察

目的　观察老年人上腹部术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛 (PCEA)的疗效及对内分泌功能的影响。方法　6 3例择期行胃癌根治术的老年患者 ,ASAⅠ -Ⅱ级 ,随机分为 3组 (每组 2 1例 ) :A组术后行硬膜外镇痛 (PCEA) ;B组术后行静脉镇痛 (PCIA) ;C组术后按需肌肉注射哌替啶镇痛 ;对比术后镇痛效果并分别于麻醉前 ,切皮后 90分钟 ,术后 6 0及 1、2、3天分别抽取外周静脉血测定血糖、胰岛素、皮质醇、肾上腺素浓度。结果　A、B组镇痛效果均满意 ,C组镇痛效果欠佳 ,综合镇痛质量A组优于B组优于C组 ;3组于切皮后 90分钟血皮质醇、血糖浓度均升高 ,但A组低于C、B两组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,术后 6 0分钟均达高峰 (P <0 0 1) ,术后 2 4至 4 8小时虽有下降 ,但仍明显高于麻醉前水平 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血胰岛素水平 ,A、B组术后 3天无明显变化 ,C组术后第 1、2天升高显著 (P <0 .0 1及P <0 .0 5 ) ;肾上腺素A、B组术后无明显升高 ,C组术后 6 0分钟明显升高 ,于术后 3天仍未恢复至术前水平。结论　老年病人上腹部术后PCIA及PCEA均能达到优良的镇痛效果 ,PCEA能有效地抑制术后机体的应激反应 ,有利于术后病人的恢复。     

Oral manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: seven case reports

BACKGROUND: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent candidal infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes or by a variable combination of endocrine failure as well as immunodeficiency. Oral clinicopathological features of CMC have seldom been described in detail. METHODS: Seven patients with CMC were reported in the study. The clinical and histological findings, etiological Candida species, immunological evaluation, and therapeutic pattern of oral lesions, were analyzed. RESULTS: Long-standing whitish hyperplastic and nodule-like lesions with exaggerated deep fissure were the typical and characteristic oral manifestations presented by all patients. The tongue was the most common site affected. Histologically, no obvious distinction was found between CMC and other forms of candidal infection. Abnormal proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets and positive titers of autoantibody were observed in three subjects (42.9%) and one patient (14.3%) respectively. Meanwhile, four subjects (57.1%) showed decreased albumin and increased globulin, three cases (42.9%) had high levels of ESR. But no iron deficiency was found. Candida albicans was the microorganism isolated from these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple and widespread candidal infectious lesions can be observed on the oral cavity of CMC patients. Hyperplastic and nodule-like lesion with irremovable whitish patches and deep fissure are the most common oral manifestations of these patients. Dentists, otolaryngologists and pediatricians should be familiar with the clinical appearances of CMC to make an accurate diagnosis. Potential systemic disorders should be concerned to avoid the reoccurrence of oral candidiasis.