20例新式微创保胆取石术的应用体会

目的探讨新式微创保胆取石术的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院2009年12月至2011年6月采用新式微创保胆取石术治疗20例胆囊结石患者的临床资料。结果 20例均成功取尽结石,结石最大直径约3.5 cm,平均手术时间75 min,出血10～20 ml,平均住院5 d,无出血、胆漏等并发症发生。结论新式微创保胆取石术具有安全性高,操作简单,患者创伤小、痛苦轻、康复快、并发症少等优点,同时保持了胆道的完整性及胆囊功能,但术后结石复发有待更进一步的研究和长期随访。     

The TopClosure? 3S System, for skin stretching and a secure wound closure

The principle of stretching wound margins for primary wound closure is commonly practiced and used for various skin defects, leading at times to excessive tension and complications during wound closure. Different surgical techniques, skin stretching devices and tissue expanders have been utilized to address this issue. Previously designed skin stretching devices resulted in considerable morbidity. They were invasive by nature and associated with relatively high localized tissue pressure, frequently leading to necrosis, damage and tearing of skin at the wound margins. To assess the clinical effectiveness and performance and, to determine the safety of TopClosure? for gradual, controlled, temporary, noninvasive and invasive applications for skin stretching and secure wound closing, the TopClosure? device was applied to 20 patients for preoperative skin lesion removal and to secure closure of a variety of wound sizes. TopClosure? was reinforced with adhesives, staples and/or surgical sutures, depending on the circumstances of the wound and the surgeon's judgment. TopClosure? was used prior to, during and/or after surgery to reduce tension across wound edges. No significant complications or adverse events were associated with its use. TopClosure? was effectively used for preoperative skin expansion in preparation for dermal resection (e.g., congenital nevi). It aided closure of large wounds involving significant loss of skin and soft tissue by mobilizing skin and subcutaneous tissue, thus avoiding the need for skin grafts or flaps. Following surgery, it was used to secure closure of wounds under tension, thus improving wound aesthetics. A sample case study will be presented. We designed TopClosure?, an innovative device, to modify the currently practiced concept of wound closure by applying minimal stress to the skin, away from damaged wound edges, with flexible force vectors and versatile methods of attachment to the skin, in a noninvasive or invasive manner.     

Discovery of a new waveform for intraoperative monitoring of hemifacial spasms

Background

Surgeons often rely on intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring to determine whether decompression is sufficient during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasms. A new monitoring method is needed when an abnormal muscle response is occasionally not available or is unreliable. This study was an observational clinical trial exploring a new waveform recorded from the facial muscles while the offending artery wall was electrically stimulated.

Methods

Thirty-two patients with typical hemifacial spasm and 12 with trigeminal neuralgia as a control were included. The facial muscle response was recorded during microvascular decompression surgery while the offending artery wall was stimulated (2?mA?×?0.2?ms). The latency, amplitude, and effective refractory period were analyzed.

Results

A waveform was recorded from the facial muscles of patients with hemifacial spasm when the offending artery wall was stimulated and was named the “Z-L response.” The latency was 7.3?±?0.8?ms, the amplitude was 0.08?±?0.02?mV, and the effective refractory period was 3.5–4?ms. The Z-L response disappeared immediately after microvascular decompression. No waveform was recorded from the facial muscles of patients with trigeminal neuralgia while the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which adheres to the facial nerve, was stimulated (2?mA?×?0.2?ms).

Conclusion

We found a new waveform for intraoperative monitoring of hemifacial spasm. The Z-L response was useful when the abnormal muscle response was absent before decompression or persisted after all vascular compressions were properly treated. Particularly, the Z-L response may help neurosurgeons determine the real culprit when multiple offending vessels exist.     

Cross sectional survey on the concerns and anxiety of patients waiting for organ transplants

Aim: We aimed to gain an understanding of patient concerns while on a transplantation waiting list in areas with long transplant waiting time. Methods: The study population comprised patients with organ failure on the transplant waiting list in Hong Kong. They were invited to complete a questionnaire survey. Demographic data and waiting time were collected. Respondents rated their chance of getting transplanted, their subjective concerns and feelings, level of happiness and support received. Results: A total of 442 patients on the waiting list for kidney, liver, lung and heart‐lung transplants completed the questionnaire survey. The majority of patients (93.0%) were waiting for kidney transplantation. More than half of the respondents (63.3%) had been waiting for more than 3 years. Patients with longer transplant waiting times had lower self‐estimated chance of receiving a transplant (P = 0.004). Self‐estimated chance of getting transplanted was positively associated with the happiness score (P < 0.0001). Issues of most concerns to the patients waiting for organ transplants were: inconvenience of therapy (48.2%), disease progression (47.9%), burden to family (59.5%) and financial difficulties (52.3%). More female patients on the waiting list (50.0% vs 25.7% in male) reported concerns about suffering associated with the illnesses. 21.7% of patients considered the level of support received inadequate. Conclusions: Our patients had long waiting time for transplantation, which is associated with a lower perceived chance of getting a transplant. Attention to more psychosocial support to these patients waiting for organ transplant is important. Promoting and improving organ donation would be the ultimate way to help these patients.     

解剖型锁定钢板治疗股骨转子部骨折

2006年1月～2008年12月,我院应用解剖型锁定钢板治疗31例股骨转子部骨折患者,取得较满意的效果. 1材料与方法 1.1病例资料本组31例,男20例,女11例,年龄40～70岁.骨折按AO分类[1]:A1型11例;A2型13例;A3型7例.均为闭合性骨折.入院至手术时间1～16 d.合并疾病:高血压5例,糖尿病2例,胃溃疡1例,胆囊炎1例. 1.2治疗方法全麻或硬膜外麻醉.C臂机透视下利用牵引装置进行手法复位.伴有股骨颈基底部骨折或股骨转子下骨折并移位者,需侧方牵引、切开撬拨复位,使用多枚克氏针临时固定后放置解剖锁定钢板,钢板上端凹陷处与股骨转子贴近,在干骺端先用1枚加压螺钉固定钢板位置,C臂机透视下置入股骨颈的锁定螺钉,骨折远端股骨干上固定3枚以上螺钉.见图1.     

Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折治疗手术时机的选择

目的探讨手术时机对切开复位内固定治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折疗效的影响。方法对96例Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折患者按受伤至手术时间分为两组,早期手术组44例,于伤后12 h或3 d内行切开复位解剖钢板内固定术;延期手术组52例,于伤后7～14 d待肢体肿胀消退后手术。对两组术后进行随访分析。结果 96例均获随访,时间10～24(15.3±3.4)个月。踝关节功能优良率早期手术组为79.6%,延期手术组为84.6%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);延期手术组在骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生率、术后下床活动时间及开始负重时间等指标上均优于早期手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手术时机选择是Ⅱ、Ⅲ型Pilon骨折治疗的关键,延期手术有利于提高远期临床疗效,减少并发症的发生。     

数字化三维重建系统在肝泡型包虫病治疗中的应用

目的 探讨数字化三维重建系统在肝泡型包虫病(HAE)治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用数字化三维重建系统对2011年2月至10月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的13例HAE患者的肝脏CT检查数据进行三维重建及智能分析,术前评估可切除性,设计合理的手术方案,完成术前个体化虚拟手术,并与术中实际情况作比较.结果 13例患者CT检查数据三维重建结果满意,肝内病灶及相关管道关系显示清晰.l例患者行体外肝切除+自体肝移植术,10例行肝切除术,2例行PTCD,与虚拟手术设计方案一致.术前通过三维重建系统对11例拟行手术的患者进行虚拟手术设计,测得预切除肝脏平均体积为920 ml(339～2678ml);切除肝脏体积占全肝体积平均为45％(23％～68％).患者实际切除肝脏平均体积为834 ml(315 ～2250 ml);术中切除肝脏体积占全肝体积平均为42％ (22％ ～70％),与术前三维重建结果基本一致.术后随访2～8个月,所有患者未出现肝功能衰竭、出血、胆汁漏等严重并发症.结论 数字化三维重建系统有助于确定HAE合理的手术方式,有效降低了手术风险.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的相关因素分析

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年5月至2010年5月昆明医学院第二附属医院收治的186例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生胰瘘将患者分成胰瘘组(39例)和非胰瘘组(147例)进行队列研究.对围手术期可能与胰瘘发生相关的多种因素进行分析,筛选胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素.单因素分析采用x2检验或Fisher确切概率法,多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型.结果 186例患者中39例发生胰瘘,其中A级26例、B级10例、C级3例.单因素分析结果显示:术前黄疸时间、术前6个月体质量下降、术前TBil、术前纠正后Alb、术后第3天Alb、胰腺残端游离长度、胰管直径、胰腺质地、腹腔引流管拔出时间是发生胰瘘的影响因素(x2=34.990,20.480,8.212,10.890,13.561,11.505,13.820,4.539,36.590,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示:术前黄疸时间＞8周、术前6个月体质量下降≥10％、胰管直径＜3 mm、胰腺质地柔软、腹腔引流管拔出时间＞5d是发生胰瘘的独立危险因素(OR=2.229,3.383,1.437,1.273,11.939,P＜0.05).结论 术前黄疸时间＞8周、术前6个月内体质量下降≥10％、胰管直径＜3 mm、胰腺质地柔软和腹腔引流管拔出时间＞5d将增加患者胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生率.     

TAP诱导大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞释放HMGB1的研究

目的 探讨人胰蛋白酶原激活肽(TAP)诱导大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)的分泌规律和丙酮酸乙酯(EP)对其释放的影响.方法 将12只SD大鼠处死后,取出胰腺分离胰腺腺泡细胞,将所得细胞悬液按抽签法随机分为3组,对照组、TAP组及EP组.TAP组及EP组加入相同剂量的TAP(终浓度3 nmol/L),EP组同时加入EP(终浓度28 mmol/L),在3、6、12及24 h分别取细胞样本.采用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测HMGB1 mRNA的表达,蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测HMGB1蛋白的表达;并进行HMGB1 mRNA及蛋白的表达与TAP作用时间的Spearman秩相关分析.结果 与对照组比较,TAP组及EP组的HMGB1 mRNA及蛋白的表达均随TAP作用时间的延长而上调(P＜0.05);与TAP组比较,EP组的HMGB1mRNA及蛋白表达则下调(P＜0.05).TAP组组内比较显示,HMGB1 mRNA及蛋白的表达随TAP作用时间延长而逐渐升高(P＜0.05),且以12h及24 h时升高明显(P＜0.01),HMGB1 mRNA及蛋白的表达与TAP作用时间呈正相关(rs=0.971,P＜0.01;rs=0.966,P＜0.01).结论 TAP可诱导大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞内HMGB1的释放.急性胰腺炎早期的TAP与晚期的HMGB1之间存在着时间的正向联系.EP可抑制HMGB1的释放.     

新生儿睾丸扭转8例诊治分析

目的 探讨新生儿睾丸扭转临床特点及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析我院近5年收治的8例睾丸扭转新生儿的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 新生儿睾丸扭转共8例;年龄7h~8d;左侧3例,右侧5例;入院查体均发现阴囊肿大呈暗红色或黑紫色,内可及质硬包块,触痛阳性;超声检查示患睾增大、密度不均、血流信号减少或消失;均行阴囊探查术,术中均发现精索睾丸扭转并已坏死,7例行患睾切除;病理结果示睾丸大片出血坏死,5例择期行对侧睾丸固定术.所有患儿随诊3~12月,1例家长拒绝切除患睾的患儿3月时B超复查已经萎缩,超声检查均未发现对侧睾丸异常.结论 新生儿睾丸扭转的睾丸坏死率极高;当发现新生儿阴囊色泽改变、肿大触痛等改变,在不能除外睾丸扭转时应尽早行阴囊探查术.