聚乙二醇干扰素α（-2b或α-2a与利巴韦林联合治疗丙型肝炎疗效比较

背景及目的：随机对照临床试验已经表明阿司匹林可降低结直肠癌的发生风险,动物实验还发现其可抑制肿瘤生长与转移,但阿司匹林与已确诊结直肠癌患者存活率的关系仍不可知.本研究探讨了在已确诊的结直肠癌患者中,阿司匹林与结直肠癌总体存活率的关系.     

The Erector Spinae Plane Block as Novel Therapy for Renal Colic

We present a 10-patient case series supporting the use of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) as a novel approach for the treatment of acute pain from renal colic. An in-plane needle approach was used with either transverse or longitudinal orientation of the ultrasound probe on the affected side, in either seated or prone patient position. These cases showed significant improvement in patient reported pain; suggesting that the ESPB can be used safely and effectively for either primary or adjunctive treatment of acute pain due to renal colic in the emergency department.     

Clinical features and outcome in childhood T-cell leukemia-lymphoma according to stage of thymocyte differentiation: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study

The immunophenotypes of lymphoblasts from children with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL, n = 101) or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, n = 31) were analyzed to correlate stage of thymocyte differentiation with clinical features and outcome. The 67 boys and 34 girls with T-ALL were 1 month to 18 years old (median, 8 years) with leukocyte counts ranging from 2 to 810 x 10(9)/L (median, 55 x 10(9)/L). Eighteen of these patients were black, and 70 had a mediastinal mass. Twenty-six boys and five girls with a median age of 9 years (range, 1 to 20 years) had T-NHL. Seven of these patients were black, and 24 had a mediastinal mass. The distributions of thymocyte developmental stages (early [CD7+], intermediate [CD1+ and/or CD4+ and/or CD8+], and mature [CD3+]) in cases of T-ALL and T-NHL were significantly different: 34%, 43%, and 23% v 6%, 62%, and 32% (P = .02). A comparison of the patients' clinical features according to the maturational stage of thymocytes failed to disclose significant differences in the majority of characteristics studied. However, patients with mature-stage T-NHL, with or without the addition of subjects with mature-stage T-ALL, were less likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .02 for both comparisons). Those with intermediate-stage T-cell malignancy (T-ALL and T-NHL combined) were the subgroup most likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .01). Response to remission induction therapy was significantly worse in the T-ALL subgroup with an early-stage phenotype: a failure rate of 21% v 0% and 6% for the two more differentiated phenotypic subgroups (P = .007). Event-free survival was not affected by thymocyte maturational stage in cases of either T-ALL or T-NHL. Despite evidence of clinical heterogeneity among the maturational stages of T-cell malignancies in children, these developmental subdivisions do not appear to be critical determinants of outcome once remission is achieved. We conclude that such phenotypes need not be included in the stratification plans for clinical trials using common induction treatment.     

Absence of IFNγ expression induces neuronal degeneration in the spinal cord of adult mice

Background  

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which may be up-regulated after trauma to the peripheral or central nervous system. Such changes include reactive gliosis and synaptic plasticity that are considered important responses to the proper regenerative response after injury. Also, IFNγ is involved in the upregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), which has recently been shown to play an important role in the synaptic plasticity process following axotomy. There is also evidence that IFNγ may interfere in the differentiation and survival of neuronal cells. However, little is known about the effects of IFNγ absence on spinal cord neurons after injury.     

Common Tasks in Microscopic and Ultrastructural Image Analysis Using ImageJ

Cooperation between research communities and software-development teams has led to the creation of novel software. The purpose of this paper is to show an alternative work method based on the usage of ImageJ (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/), which can be effectively employed in solving common microscopic and ultrastructural image analysis tasks. As an open-source software, ImageJ provides the possibility to work in a free-development/sharing world. Its very “friendly” graphical user interface helps users to manage and edit biomedical images. The on-line material such as handbooks, wikis, and plugins leads users through various functions, giving clues about potential new applications. ImageJ is not only a morphometric analysis software, it is sufficiently flexible to be adapted to the numerous requirements tasked in the laboratories as routine as well as research demands. Examples include area measurements on selectively stained tissue components, cell count and area measurements at single cell level, immunohistochemical antigen quantification, and immunoelectron microscopy gold particle count.     

ANEURYSM OF SINUS OF VALSALVA DISSECTING INTO THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM – ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS (A Case Report)

Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva dissecting into interventricular septum is a rare entity. We report one such case who was incidentally diagnosed by echocardiography to have this abnormality during evaluation of a clinically suspected isolated aortic regurgitation.KEY WORDS: Aneurysm – dissecting – sinus of Valsalva, Echocardiography     

Effect of serine‐type protease of Candida spp. isolated from linear gingival erythema of HIV‐positive children: critical factors in the colonization

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 : 753–760 Background: There are several kinds of oral soft tissue lesions that are common manifestations observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected children; for example, linear gingival erythema (LGE) that is a distinctive fiery red band along the margin of the gingivae. The etiology and pathogenesis of LGE are questionable, but a candidal origin has been suggested. Proteases are key virulence attributes produced by a variety of pathogenic fungi, including Candida. The objective of the present study is to identify the protease production in Candida species including, C. albicans (n = 5), C. dubliniensis (n = 1) and C. tropicalis (n = 1), isolated directly from typical LGE lesions observed in six HIV‐positive children, and also to test the effect of a serine protease inhibitor on the interaction of Candida spp. and epithelial cells in vitro. Methods: The ability of Candida strains to release proteases in the culture supernatant fluids was visualized by gelatin‐SDS–PAGE. Gel strips containing 30‐fold concentrated supernatant (1.5 × 10⁸ yeasts) were incubated at 37°C for 48 h in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 5.5. The concentrated supernatants were also incubated with fibronectin, laminin, immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. The effect of serine protease inhibitor on the interaction of Candida spp. and epithelial cells (MA 104) was measured after pre‐treatment of fungi with the inhibitor (phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, PMSF). Results: All the extracellular proteases were completely inhibited by PMSF, identifying these activities as serine‐type proteases. Interestingly, a common 62‐kDa serine protease was observed in all Candida strains. The culture supernatants, rich in serine protease activities, cleaved several soluble proteinaceous substrates. Additionally, we demonstrated that pre‐treatment of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis with PMSF diminished the interaction with epithelial cells. Conclusions: Collectively, our results show that Candida spp. isolated from LGE lesions produced and secreted serine proteases and these enzymes may be involved in the initial colonization events.