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111.
Blood was drawn from volunteer donors and frozen using the high glycerin, mechanical freezing procedure accepted by the United States Navy. Subsequently, the units of blood were thawed and washed. Various anticoagulants were added, and the red cells were stored in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C for periods of up to 28 days. Chemical analyses were performed periodically. These showed that the addition of the anticoagulants ACD, CPD and CPDA-1 caused the red cells to be preserved better than the currently accepted 0.9-percent NaCl, 0.2-percent glucose solution. In vivo 51Cr viability studies performed on blood stored with CPDA-1 for 14 days showed a 24-hour viability of 78.8 +/- 8.4 percent. In a subsequent study, the blood was stored for 21 days prior to freezing and then was rejuvenated and frozen. The cells were thawed, washed, and stored at 4 degrees C with CPDA-1 for an additional 14 days. The 24-hour viability of these cells was determined to be 74.0 +/- 5.1 percent. These findings show that the postthaw storage time of red cells can be increased greatly over the now-accepted 24 hours, if bacterial sterility can be assured. 相似文献
112.
113.
Joan S. Grant DSN RN CS Marguerite R. Kinney DNSc RN FAAN 《International journal of nursing terminologies and classifications》1991,2(4):181-185
Although much attention has focused on the validation of denning characteristics for nursing diagnoses, equal attention has not been devoted to the development of operational definitions for defining characteristics. Operational definitions, however, provide a reference for determining whether defining characteristics are present in patients who participate in clinical validation studies. Validation of nursing diagnoses emerges from occurrence of the diagnostic label in clinical practice. Operational definitions provide the bridge between incidental observation and scientific validation of nursing diagnoses. 相似文献
114.
This article gives an overview of individual play therapy and relates the concepts of individual play therapy to group play therapy. A new model of group play therapy, an interactional model, is introduced. The article provides basic guidelines for beginning play therapists. An actual group is described and specific interventions for problems are suggested. 相似文献
115.
JOHN F. CONLEY BSN RN JUDY KENDALL MS RN CS 《Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing》1989,2(3):123-128
The implementation of primary prevention measures for the positive mental health of children has been identified by psychiatric nursing leaders as a priority for child psychiatric nurses. Promoting positive mental health behaviors in school-aged children is facilitated by establishing a helping relationship within the context of small-group activity situated in the child's natural school setting. The authors describe the theory and process of establishing a time-limited, closed group in a school setting, for 10 children who were experiencing some alteration in health status. 相似文献
116.
Within the growing body of nursing literature, a relatively new method of inquiry, critical theory, has emerged. Critical theory is used as a framework toward understanding the social realities in which child psychiatric nurses must act when negotiating with family systems. Nursing's predominant view of the family, structural-functionalism, is examined by the use of the dialectic and Habermasian critique. 相似文献
117.
壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯薄膜的制备及其与肌成纤维细胞的相容性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:制备防粘连壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯薄膜并观察其与肌成纤维细胞的相容性。方法:实验于2006-05/11在南方医科大学附属珠江医院中心实验室完成。实验材料:在透析后的壳聚糖与聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯或聚乙二醇共混后置入冻干机冻干制得壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯薄膜或壳聚糖/聚乙二醇膜,并将新生2~5d的SD大鼠骨骼肌成纤维细胞种植于膜片上。实验评估:①MTT法测定肌成纤维细胞接种在不同膜片上的吸光度值,计算相对贴附率。相对贴附率=不同膜的A490nm/培养板的A490nm×100%。②MTT法测定肌成纤维细胞在不同膜片上的生长1,5d后的吸光度值。③相差显微镜下观察肌成纤维细胞的生长形貌。结果:①肌成纤维细胞在不同膜片上的贴附率:肌成纤维细胞在壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯薄膜上能良好黏附、增殖,而在壳聚糖/聚乙二醇膜、壳聚糖膜上黏附性差。联合培养12h,5d后MTT法结果显示,壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯组的A值分别为0.074±0.009,0.141±0.031,分别为壳聚糖组的6.17倍和6.13倍(P〈0.05)。②肌成纤维细胞的生长特性:肌成纤维细胞在壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯膜上的活性最高,增殖能力最强,增长速度最快,其次为壳聚糖/聚乙二醇膜,但两者差异无显著性意义(P〉0.05),而细胞在壳聚糖膜上的增殖能力较低,膜上细胞数目较少,与其他组比较差异有显著性意义(P〈0.05)。③肌成纤维细胞与不同膜片联合培养1,5d时的生长形貌:壳聚糖膜上细胞未贴壁生长,为透明的圆球形,呈游离状态,未能很好舒展,且有些皱缩,生长活力也不旺盛;细胞与壳聚糖/聚乙二醇膜、壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯膜片联合培养的生长情况要明显好于壳聚糖膜,细胞相互融合成片,多呈长梭形,细胞间隙狭窄,紧密排列成束,成指纹状结构且聚集生长的趋势也更明显。结论:将接支琥珀酰基的聚乙二醇与壳聚糖共混组成的网状系统改进了膜片的力学性能,提高了膜片的柔韧性,使其成膜性更好;壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯薄膜具有良好的生物相容性,肌成纤维细胞在壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯薄膜上的黏附及生长情况明显好于壳聚糖薄膜。 相似文献
118.
BeeberPhD RN CS & BourbonniereMS RN 《Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing》1998,5(3):187-192
Interpersonal pattern, defined as the category in which separate interpersonal acts are linked by similar, defining characteristics, is a critical, data-rich concept that is used in the therapeutic nurse-client relationship. If this concept is studied within the framework of aesthetic knowing in nursing, the processes of deliberate involvement that form the crux of the nurse-client relationship become illuminated. An illustrative case study brings this concept to life by demonstrating the use of interpersonal pattern as the focus of intervention with a frail, elderly woman. In this case study, the nurse practices aesthetic knowing to assess and respond to the woman, and ultimately assist in her forward movement towards optimum function and health. Linkages of this type of intervention to all of nursing practice are made by integrating the use of interpersonal pattern with aesthetic knowing in nursing. 相似文献
119.
The ethical frameworks of situation ethics and bioethical decision-making are used to analyze decision-making in treatment choices of the clinical nurse specialist in the role of psychotherapist. Paradoxical intervention is the treatment choice considered. The ethical issues regarding the use of paradoxical techniques are reviewed and the decision model is applied to therapy with a mother and son to illustrate the process of ethical decision-making. 相似文献
120.
Patterns of Depressive Symptoms in Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mary K. Bailey ND APN RN Jaclene A. Zauszniewski PhD RN-BC FAAN Marjorie M. Heinzer PhD APRN BC CRNP Marion Hemstrom-Krainess DNSc RN CS 《Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing》2007,20(2):86-95
PROBLEM: Depressive symptoms in children have been linked to recurrent problems with depression, school problems, and risky health behaviors. Adolescent girls report depressive symptoms three to four times more frequently than adolescent boys. Few studies, however, have examined gender-related depressive symptoms in younger, school-aged children. METHODS: In the present study, gender differences in depressive symptoms in children ages 10-12 years were explored using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) with a convenience sample of 122 suburban middle-class public school fifth and sixth graders. FINDINGS: A distinct pattern of depressive symptom expression was found with girls reporting more internalizing and more negative self-esteem, and boys reporting more externalizing and more school problems. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that despite similarities on a total depressive symptom score, there are distinct gender differences in depressive symptom expression that are identifiable before adolescence and may be associated with normative development. 相似文献