原癌基因蛋白质C-erbB-2在乳腺良恶性病变中表达的意义

目的:检测原癌基因蛋白质C-erbB-2在乳腺良恶性病变中的表达及意义.方法:对111例乳腺良恶性病变的石蜡切片标本进行免疫组织化学染色.结果:乳腺良恶性病变中乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病的C-erbB-2阳性率为31.3%,与乳腺纤维腺病和纤维腺瘤比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),乳腺癌C-erbB-2的阳性率为74.3%,与良性病变比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);乳腺癌C-erbB-2表达与肿瘤大小和组织学分级呈正比(P<0.05),与激素受体(ER、PR)水平及5年生存期呈反比(P<0.05),与淋巴结是否转移无关.结论:C-erbB-2表达的乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病容易癌变,C-erbB-2过度表达的乳腺癌组织分化差、生存期短、预后不好.C-erbB-2 可作为判定乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病早期癌变及乳腺癌预后的有效指标.     

步行量和体成分的中日比较研究

目的 为了解中日儿童及成人的步行和体成分及其相互关系.方法 以中国上海市和日本琦玉县的小学生和成人为对象,采用西铁城 TW02-001电子式步数计测定步行量,FUTREX-5000A体成分测定仪测量体脂百分比.结果 1.中国男女小学生的平均每日步行量分别为12426步和10387步,低于日本小学生(男15 340步,女11 617步),体脂百分比中国男女生分别为21.2%和15.8%,高于日本(男18.9%,女13.1%).中国男女成人的平均每日步行量分别为9826步和8748步,高于日本成人(男:8411步,女7599步);体脂百分比分别为17.5%(男)和25.8%(女),而日本男性为19.8%,女性为26.0%.2.不同活动水平的小学生和成人,其血压和体成分均有差异,步行量高者的血压和体脂百分比都较低.本研究还计算出以肱三头肌皮脂厚度以(X)推测儿童体脂百分比(Y)的回归方程为:Y=10.6646+0.5856X.结论 作为日常生活的步行可促进肥胖发生率的降低.     

薄层扫描法测定食物中胆固醇的含量

本文探讨食物中胆固醇的薄层光密度法的测定。用硅胶Ｇ与０．３％ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ按１：２．２比例制成薄层板，石油醚－乙醚－－冰醋酸（７：３：０．１）为展开剂，５％磷钼酸乙醇溶液显色，日本岛津ＣＳ－９１０型薄层扫描仪定量扫描，测得精神异系数（ＲＤＳ％）为２．９２。稳定性变异系数（ＲＳＤ％）为２．３５，加嘏率在８７．９５－９４．２９％范围内。与气相色谱法（其回收率在９２－１０３％范围）比较，结果相接近，该法简     

Temporal profile of potassium channel dysfunction in cerebrovascular smooth muscle after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage

The pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) involves sustained contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells that is maximal 6–8 days after SAH. We reported that function of voltage-gated K⁺ (K_V) channels was significantly decreased during vasospasm 7 days after SAH in dogs. Since arterial constriction is regulated by membrane potential that in turn is determined predominately by K⁺ conductance, the compromised K⁺ channel dysfunction may cause vasospasm. Additional support for this hypothesis would be demonstration that K⁺ channel dysfunction is temporally coincident with vasospasm. To test this hypothesis, SAH was created using the double haemorrhage model in dogs and smooth muscle cells from the basilar artery, which develops vasospasm, were isolated 4 days (early vasospasm), 7 days (during vasospasm) and 21 days (after vasospasm) after SAH and studied using patch-clamp electrophysiology. We investigated the two main K⁺ channels (K_V and large-conductance voltage/Ca²⁺-activated (K_Ca) channels). Electrophysiologic function of K_Ca channels was preserved at all times after SAH. In contrast, function of K_V channels was significantly decreased at all times after SAH. The decrease in cell size and degree of K_V channel dysfunction was maximal 7 days after SAH. The results suggest that K_V channel dysfunction either only partially contributes to vasospasm after SAH or that compensatory mechanisms develop that lead to resolution of vasospasm before K_V channels recover their function.     

Skeletal muscle sodium channel gating in mice deficient in myotonic dystrophy protein kinase

Myotonic dystrophy, a progressive autosomal dominant disorder, is associated with an expansion of a CTG repeat tract located in the 3'-untranslated region of a serine/threonine protein kinase, DMPK. DMPK modulates skeletal muscle Na channels in vitro, and thus we hypothesized that mice deficient in DMPK would have altered muscle Na channel gating. We measured macroscopic and single channel Na currents from cell-attached patches of skeletal myocytes from mice heterozygous (DMPK(+/-)) and homozygous (DMPK(-/-)) for DMPK loss. In DMPK(-/-) myocytes, Na current amplitude was reduced because of reduced channel number. Single channel recordings revealed Na channel reopenings, similar to the gating abnormality of human myotonic muscular dystrophy (DM), which resulted in a plateau of Na current. The gating abnormality deteriorated with increasing age. In DMPK(+/-) muscle there was reduced Na current amplitude and increased Na channel reopenings identical to those in DMPK(-/-) muscle. Thus, these mouse models of complete and partial DMPK deficiency reproduce the Na channel abnormality of the human disease, providing direct evidence that DMPK deficiency underlies the Na channel abnormality in DM.     

16例染色体异常核型分析

目的与方法本文对189例自然流产、闭经、发育不全患者进行细胞遗传学检查,结果发现异常核型16例,异常核型涉及1、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、 15、X、Y染色体.其中平衡易位10例,性染色体异常3例,大Y染色体3例.结论染色体异常是导致流产、闭经、性发育异常的重要遗传因素,应引起临床医师的高度重视.     

A new haplogroup pattern displayed in Fujian Han in China

Human Y-chromosomal binary polymorphisms have been considered to preserve the paternal genetic legacy and provide evidence on human evolution and the genetic relationships among and demographic history of different populations. To reveal the genetic origin and immigration of the Fujian Han, 13 binary markers on the Y chromosome were used to screen Fujian Han by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the M₉G marker was highly prevalent (96.20%), suggesting a significant genetic drift. In addition, M₁₂₂C frequency was only 22.78%, and M₄₅A and M₁₀₃T were default. The distinctive haplogroup frequencies (H₁, H₅, and H_6/7/8) imply that the haplogroup pattern is a relatively ancestral and interim type. Received: October 13, 2001 / Accepted: December 3, 2001     

Nutritional Assessment in Adult Patients with Dysphagia: A Scoping Review

Malnutrition negatively affects the quality of life of patients with dysphagia. Despite the need for nutritional status assessment in patients with dysphagia, standard, effective nutritional assessments are not yet available, and the identification of optimal nutritional assessment items for patients with dysphagia is inadequate. We conducted a scoping review of the use of nutritional assessment items in adult patients with oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched to identify articles published in English within the last 30 years. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven nutritional assessment categories were identified: body mass index (BMI), nutritional screening tool, anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary assessment, blood biomarkers, and other. BMI and albumin were more commonly assessed in adults. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), defining new diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, includes the categories of BMI, nutritional screening tool, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and dietary assessment as its required components, but not the blood biomarkers and the “other” categories. We recommend assessing nutritional status, including GLIM criteria, in adult patients with dysphagia. This would standardize nutritional assessments in patients with dysphagia and allow future global comparisons of the prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition, as well as of appropriate interventions.     

检测血管紧张素转化酶在AFP阴性肝癌诊断中的价值

目的　探讨肝癌患者血清血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)活性变化对AFP阴性肝癌 (HCC)患者诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法　选择经组织学 (肝穿刺 )或影像学确诊的 38例HCC患者 ,2 1例慢性肝炎患者 ,12例肝硬化患者及 2 0例正常健康对照者 ,检测血清AFP含量和ACE活性。结果　与其他良性肝病相比HCC患者血清ACE活性 ( 19.51± 4 .4 6)显著低于慢性肝炎 ( 38.35± 6.34 ,P <0 .0 1)及肝硬化患者 ( 4 7.77± 10 .59,P <0 .0 1) ,并且也低于正常人 ( 30 .0 0± 2 .92 ,P <0 .0 5)。 2 3例AFP阳性 (≥2 0 0mg/L)HCC患者中 ,其ACE活性为 ( 19.15± 4 .2 6) ,与AFP阴性患者比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　检测血清ACE活性有助于肝癌 ,尤其是合并肝硬化或AFP阴性的患者的诊断。ACE和AFP联合检测有助于提高肝癌的检出率     

生存研究样本量设计表及其使用方法

目的 :本文就两样本生存研究所需样本量用广义渐近正态法设计出 15 30个方案 ,制成设计表供临床使用。方法 :利用C语言编制程序 ,按通用格式打印设计表。结果 :常用方案查表可得。这些与两样本生存率检验相匹配 ,具有还原性 ,摆脱了比例危险的假设 ,在常见临床条件下观测功效符合预定功效。结论 :这些设计表适用于两样本癌症临床研究的设计 ,尤其便于临床医师或有关研究人员使用