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91.
Pia Kaiser Sebastian Maxeiner Alexander Weise Florain Nolden Anja Borck Thomas Forst Andreas Pf��tzner 《Journal of diabetes science and technology》2010,4(3):652-657
Reliable application of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin requires previous resuspension of the suspension by tipping over the cartridge 20 times. This procedure is considered annoying by patients. The goal of this investigation was to assess the efficiency of the mixing procedure when performed less frequently than recommended. Neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin cartridges from five different manufacturers (sanofi-aventis, Lilly, Berlin-Chemie, B. Braun, and Novo Nordisk) were emptied with doses of 28 IU in the morning and the evening over 5 days. While the first dose was obtained after a regular resuspension procedure (20× tipping over), the consecutive doses were obtained after 3, 6, 10, or 20 mixing procedures (12 cartridges per experimental series, two doses/day). Insulin concentrations of doses 1, 2, 6, and 10 were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Between dosing, cartridges were stored at room temperature in a horizontal position. Comparable insulin concentrations were seen in the first correctly prepared doses. Pronounced and substantial deviations from the selected dose were observed with most of the cartridges, in particular when resuspending only 3 and 6 times. Mean absolute percentage deviations when tipping 3 times and maximally observed overdoses were: Insuman basal: 1.1 ± 1.0%/4 IU, Humulin N: 2.6 ± 3.4%/19 IU, Berlinsulin H basal: 4.4 ± 6.0%/26 IU, Insulin B. Braun basal: 10.4 ± 8.9%/38 IU, and Protaphane: 4.7 ± 4.1%/19 IU (all p < 0.05 vs Insuman basal). Only one cartridge with three metal mixing bullets (sanofi-aventis) was resuspended efficiently with only a few mixing procedures. All other cartridges with fewer bullets were shown to deliver potentially harmful doses if used for treatment when the mixing procedure was less frequent than demanded in the instructions for use. 相似文献
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Alberto Biondi Roberto Persiani Ferdinando Cananzi Marco Zoccali Vincenzo Vigorita Andrea Tufo Domenico D��Ugo 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2010,16(27):3358-3370
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world and its clinical behavior especially depends on the metastatic potential of the tumor.In particular,lymphatic metastasis is one of the main predictors of tumor recurrence and survival,and current pathological staging systems reflect the concept that lymphatic spread is the most relevant prognostic factor in patients undergoing curative resection.This is compounded by the observation that two-thirds of gastric cancer in the Western world... 相似文献
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??Abstract??ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of MAOA 30bp-VNTR(MAOA-uVNTR)on intelligence quotient of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in China.MethodsA total of 333 DSM-?? ADHD of Chinese Han descents were included;both complete IQ evaluation and MAOA-uVNTR genotyping results were obtained.The quantitative traits of psychometric IQ were calculated by using the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC).The two-sample t test was used to compare the average scores (including the Full Scale IQ,Verbal Scale IQ,and Performance Scale IQ) among two groups defined by MAOA-uVNTR genotypes.The multifactor linear regression analysis was used to test the affecting factors on IQ.ResultsThrough the single factor analysis,the influential factors on IQ included the genotype of MAOA-uVNTR and educated level of fathers.Analyses of t test revealed that low enzymatic activity patients performed significiantly better on all aspects of C-WISC test than did high enzymatic activity patients.The parents with higher education level had children with higher scores of IQ.Father??s education level would contribute to both the Full Scale IQ,Verbal Scale IQ,and Performance Scale IQ(P=0.015??0.048 and 0.040).Through the multifactor linear regression analysis,only the genotype of MAOA was the major factor which influenced IQ of children (P=0.021).The genotype of MAOA might have effect on Full Scale IQ.ConclusionOur results suggested that MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism may be related to the intelligence of ADHD patients in China.To confirm our findings further studies with a larger number of subjects are needed. 相似文献
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