Peripheral Nerve Injury Sensitizes the Response to Visceral Distension but Not Its Inhibition by the Antidepressant Milnacipran

Background: Manipulations that cause hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli have been shown to also result in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes, but the converse has not been examined. The authors tested whether lumbar spinal nerve ligation in rats, a common model of neuropathic pain that results in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli, also leads to hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes and whether pharmacology of inhibition differed between these two sensory modalities.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were ligated. Animals received either intrathecal saline or milnacipran (0.1-3 [mu]g), and withdrawal thresholds to mechanical testing in the left hind paw, using von Frey filaments, and visceral testing, using balloon colorectal distension, were determined.

Results: Nerve ligation resulted in decreases in threshold to withdrawal to somatic mechanical stimulation (from 13 +/- 1.8 g to 2.7 +/- 0.7 g) and also in decreases in threshold to reflex response to visceral stimulation (from 60 mmHg to 40 mmHg). Intrathecal milnacipran increased withdrawal threshold to somatic stimulation in a dose-dependent manner but failed to alter the response to noxious visceral stimulation.     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

暴发性紫癜的抢救和护理

暴发性紫癜 (Fulminans purpura)又称坏死性紫癜(necropur pura) ,可能是过敏性紫癜的一种变异型。某些致敏因素及出疹性传染病引起急性变态反应性坏死性血管炎伴血栓形成 ,血管阻塞 ,组织缺血坏死 ,广泛出血 [1 ] 。该病临床罕见 ,病死率极高。我院于 2 0 0 0年 12月 9日收治 1例。现将抢救和护理经过报告如下。1　病例介绍　　患儿男 ,8岁 ,因双下肢肿胀 ,大片瘀斑 ,进行性面色苍白、少尿 3d,于 2 0 0 0年 12月 9日急诊入院。体检 :体温 36 .5℃ ,脉搏 14 0次 / m in,呼吸 34次 / m in,血压测不出 ,面色苍白 ,神志模糊 ,烦躁不安 ,四肢末…     

结核性脑膜炎32例早期误漏诊分析

结核性脑膜炎 (结脑 )至今仍是我国较常见的严重感染性疾病。其致残率和病死率较高 ,若能早期诊断 ,及时治疗 ,可减少后遗症 ,降低病死率。但近年不典型病例增多 ,误诊误治时有发生。国内文献报告结脑误诊率 2 2 %～ 32 % [1] 。我院1 989年～ 2 0 0 0年共收治 68例确诊的结脑病人 ,其中早期误漏诊 32例 ,误诊率为 47% ,现将有关资料报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　共分析 68例结脑病人 ,均符合以下结脑诊断依据[1] :( 1 )有结核病史 ;( 2 )颅内高压与脑膜刺激症状 ;( 3)脑神经障碍与意识障碍 ;( 4 )脑脊液异常 ,蛋白质增高 ,糖和…     

常用侗医药验方简述

侗族人民在同疾病作斗争的漫长历史进程中，积累了丰富的经验，创造了许多宝贵而独特的疗法和方药。贵州药用植物非常丰富，黔东南又是侗族人口最密集地区，侗医药的使用和经验就更具特色，继承或从这些疗法和方药中去研发新方新药，具有积极意义。     

金华市献血员梅毒感染状况分析

近年来,梅毒在我国的发病率逐年上升 ,为了解金华市献血人群中梅毒感染现状,我们对2001年来我站第一次参加献血的人员进行梅毒感染的结果统计,其结果应引起关注.     

多巴胺转运体440bp等位基因与儿童孤独症的关系

目的探讨儿童孤独症(CA)与多巴胺转运体(DAT1)440bp等位基因的关系。 方法陕西省纺织医院等于2004年3~8月，采用PCR技术对来自西安市两所康复中心的汉族CA儿童与DAT1基因多态性进行遗传关联分析。 结果(1)DAT1基因多态性中共观察到5种等位基因(320bp，360bp，440bp，480bp，520bp)，6种基因型(480/480，480/320，520/480，480/360，480/440,440/440)。(2)使用相对危险度RR对CA与DAT1基因多态性的等位基因和基因型进行关联分析，显示480/440基因型和等位基因440与CA呈正关联，相对危险度分别为265和230，480/480基因型和等位基因480与CA呈负关联，相对危险度分别为064和077。但统计结果没有发现具有统计意义的差异。 结论中国汉族CA儿童与DAT1440bp等位基因无遗传关联。也许等位基因440bp与基因型480bp/440bp这两个因素是发病的风险因素,还有待今后的进一步研究。