普通人及医学专家的医疗保健规则

普通人的八条保健规刚1.找到一位受过良好教育的,可以信赖的保健专家.2.具备健康知识,有能力处置健康风险,确定你自己的生命质量标准.3.广泛利用预测医学和预防医学.4.虽期望通过医疗得到康复或缓解,但也意识到医疗本身的局限和风险.5.要从医生和其他保健专家那里得到信息和咨询,在治疗中做他们的负责的和可靠的同伴.     

盐酸曲马多硬膜外注药用作术后镇痛54例报告

<正>我院自1993年6月至9月选择持硬麻醉的手术病人54例,用曲马多作硬膜外注射,观察术后止痛效果、持续时间及副作用等,现报告如下。 临床资料 男性18例,女性36例,年龄最小18岁,最大76岁,体重45～77kg,择期手术48例,急诊手术6例,病情按ASA分级:Ⅰ～Ⅱ级45例,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级1例。     

E1 Tor Vibio Cholerae Strain SM_6 and Jiangsu 1d Strain

Ｅ１ＴｏｒＶｉｂｉｏＣｈｏｌｅｒａｅＳｔｒａｉｎＳＭ_６ａｎｄＪｉａｎｇｓｕ１ｄＳｔｒａｉｎ￥ＪｉａｎｇＸｉａｏｗａｎ，ｅｔａｌ．ＡＣＴＡＡＣＡＤＥＭＩＡＥＭＥＤＩＣＩＮＡＥＮＡＮＪＩＮＧ，１９９４，１４（２）：１６３－１６４ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＥ１Ｔｏ?..     

Morphine Preconditions Purkinje Cells against Cell Death under In Vitro Simulated Ischemia-Reperfusion Conditions

Background: Morphine pretreatment via activation of [delta]1-opioid receptors induces cardioprotection. In this study, the authors determined whether morphine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance in neurons.

Methods: Cerebellar brain slices from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with morphine at 0.1-10 [mu]m in the presence or absence of various antagonists for 30 min. They were then kept in morphine- and antagonist-free buffer for 30 min before they were subjected to simulated ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation) for 20 min. After being recovered in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 5 h, they were fixed for morphologic examination to determine the percentage of undamaged Purkinje cells.

Results: The survival rate of Purkinje cells was significantly higher in slices preconditioned with morphine (>= 0.3 [mu]m) before the oxygen-glucose deprivation (57 +/- 4% at 0.3 [mu]m morphine) than that of the oxygen-glucose deprivation alone (39 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). This morphine preconditioning-induced neuroprotection was abolished by naloxone, a non-type-selective opioid receptor antagonist, by naltrindole, a selective [delta]-opioid receptor antagonist, or by 7-benzylidenenaltrexone, a selective [delta]1-opioid receptor antagonist. However, the effects were not blocked by the [mu]-, [kappa]-, or [delta]2-opioid receptor antagonists, [beta]-funaltrexamine, nor-binaltorphimine, or naltriben, respectively. Morphine preconditioning-induced neuroprotection was partially blocked by the selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel antagonist, 5-hydroxydecanoate, or the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor, myxothiazol. None of the inhibitors used in this study alone affected the simulated ischemia-induced neuronal death.     

Mild Hypercapnia Induces Vasodilation via Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive K+ Channels in Parenchymal Microvessels of the Rat Cerebral Cortex

Background: Carbon dioxide is an important vasodilator of cerebral blood vessels. Cerebral vasodilation mediated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels has not been demonstrated in precapillary microvessel levels. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine whether ATP-sensitive K+ channels play a role in vasodilation induced by mild hypercapnia in precapillary arterioles of the rat cerebral cortex.

Methods: Brain slices from rat cerebral cortex were prepared and superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, including normal (Pco2 = 40 mmHg; pH = 7.4), hypercapnic (Pco2 = 50 mmHg; pH = 7.3), and hypercapnic normal pH (Pco2 = 50 mmHg; pH = 7.4) solutions. The ID of a cerebral parenchymal arteriole (5-9.5 [mu]m) was monitored using computerized videomicroscopy.

Results: During contraction to prostaglandin F2[alpha] (5 x 10-7 m), hypercapnia, but not hypercapnia under normal pH, induced marked vasodilation, which was completely abolished by the selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist glibenclamide (5 x 10-6 m). However, the selective Ca2+-dependent K+ channel antagonist iberiotoxin (10-7 m) as well as the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10-4 m) did not alter vasodilation. A selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, levcromakalim (3 x 10-8 to 3 x 10-7 m), induced vasodilation, whereas this vasodilation was abolished by glibenclamide.     

放大胃镜在胃病中的应用

放大内镜由于具有变焦放大的功能，可以在消化道检查中清晰显示胃肠黏膜的腺管开口、微细血管等微细结构的变化，结合黏膜色素染色，可以比较准确地反映病变组织的病理学背景，更容易地在镜下区分不同性质的病变，提高了早期癌的镜下检出率。使得镜下诊断出现了新的标准，使内镜诊断提高到了一个新的水平，是医学发展的又一次革命性进步。     

《中国血栓研究会》(筹)第三次常务理事会会议纪要

会议于1994年5月2日～5月4日在杭州华北饭店召开,会上听取了1993年主要工作汇报并讨论了1994年工作计划。一致同意:需继续发展会员和进一步完善组织,因血栓性疾病涉及临床各科,要发展相关学科从事血栓防治和研究(如