间歇补充型血液透析滤过及其临床应用

间歇补充型血液透析滤过(I-HDF),是使用程序化的透析机,在血液透析过程中将高质量的超纯透析液通过透析膜间歇性反超滤输注至血液中,以短期内增加外周循环容量,提高溶质清除率,达到模拟血液透析滤过的效果。I-HDF基本程序:每次输注量为200 ml,每次输注的间隔时间30 min,输注速度为150 ml/min;初次输注在血液透析开始后30 min,并在治疗结束前30 min完成最后一次输注。血液透析时间为4h时,总输注量为1 400 ml(200 ml×7次)。I-HDF可有效改善血液透析治疗过程中患者的外周循环,提高血浆再充盈,增加溶质清除,并且可防止透析膜的渗透性随时间延长而下降,稳定透析中血压,减少心动过速的发生,非常有益于低血压倾向的患者。     

A follow-up analysis of cardiac function and complications in pediatric patients with permanent epicardial pacing

Background Nowadays, the number of pediatric patients receiving permanent pacemaker implantations is increasing. However, there is very little relevant, long-term follow-up analysis carried out in China. Methods Clinical information from pediatric patients who underwent epicardial permanent pacemaker implantation from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital was collected. Eligible patients received 12-lead electrocardiograms and echocardiography preoperatively and postoperatively, as well as programming control during their follow-up. Meanwhile, complications were treated and analyzed. Results A total of98 pediatric patients with permanent epicardial pacing were included in the study, including 60 males and 38 females. The age of patients who underwent surgery for the first time ranged from 8 days to 14 years old( the median age of these patients was 3 years old). The weight of these patients ranged from 2.7 kg to 52 kg(the median weight of these patients was 12 kg). Three patients died while they were getting treatment. The follow-up was carried out on eighty-seven out of ninety-five patients(91.6%) and lasted 5 months to 13 years( average 3.79±3.06 years). One patient with single-chamber right ventricular pacing was found to have cardiac insufficiency in the second year after operation. There were 6 patients with cardiac insufficiency whose ejection fractions were less than 55%. All these patients had a single-chamber left ventricular pacing implant or double-chamber right atrial left ventricular pacing implant. Paired T-test was used to compare the preoperative LVEF with the last echocardiographic LVEF(45%±7% vs.67%±7%, P 0.05),which indicated statistical differences. Conclusion A permanent epicardial pacemaker is safe and effective and reasonable pacing mode can protect cardiac function.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20(1):10-14]     

产科临床护理路径在妊娠期糖尿病孕妇中的应用效果

目的探究产科临床护理路径在患有妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法选取2016年1月—2018年12月于该院收治的96例患有妊娠糖尿病的患者作为研究对象,根据临床护理路径方式不同将其分为标准组与普通组。标准组采取标注化产科临床护理路径进行护理,普通组则选取常规的临床护理路径进行护理,对比两组患者的血糖控制水平和预后。结果标准组患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖数值和Ghb数值改善程度都显著优于普通组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);标准组患者产后并发症个症几率明显低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);标准组新生儿结局明显优于普通组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对患有妊娠期糖尿病患者采取标准化的产科临床护理路径可有效控制血糖水平,对促进母婴健康成效显著,值得向外大面积推广。     

CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞治疗后细胞因子释放综合征的诊治进展

CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法是治疗B细胞血液肿瘤的新兴免疫疗法，并取得了较好的疗效。随着其使用的增加，免疫效应细胞相关细胞因子释放综合征的发生率也相应升高，迫切需要对其精确机制和治疗进行进一步的临床研究。文章总结了细胞因子释放综合征的机制、临床表现、分级系统、治疗以及管理策略。     

三柱分型方法指导手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效

目的探讨三柱分型方法指导手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法对80例胫骨平台骨折患者按照三柱分型方法进行分型,并以三柱分型方法指导手术治疗,观察患者的手术疗效。结果患者均获得12个月的随访。与单、双、三柱骨折比较,单纯压缩性骨折的手术时间最短,术中出血量最少,骨折愈合时间最短,术后10个月HSS评分最高,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。单、双、三柱骨折的骨折愈合时间两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。患者均无骨折延迟愈合、神经损伤、内固定失败以及骨不连等严重并发症。14例三柱骨折患者中术后1例切口感染、2例关节僵硬; 23例双柱骨折患者中术后2例关节僵硬; 32例单柱骨折患者中术后1例关节僵硬; 11例单纯压缩性骨折患者中术后无切口感染及关节僵硬发生;并发症发生率各型两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论三柱分型方法指导手术治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效确切。     

Barriers and facilitators of implementing child injury surveillance system

Purpose: Child injuries are a global public health problem and injury surveillance systems (ISS) can be beneficial by providing timely data. However, ISS implementation has challenges. Opinions of stakeholders of ISS implementation barriers and facilitators are a good source to understand this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to investigate barriers and facilitators of implementing ISS in Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study. Data were gathered through interviews with 14 experts in the field of child injury and prevention from Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), medical universities, pediatrics hospitals, general hospitals and health houses during January 2017 to September 2017. Data collection and analysis continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using content analysis through identifying meaning units. Results: Barriers were classified in three main categories and nine subcategories including management barriers (including performance, coordination and cooperation, supervision and attitude), weakness in data capture and usage (including data collection, data recording and data dissemination) and resource limitation (including human and financial resources). Facilitators identified in three areas of policy making (including empowerment and attitude), management (including organization, function and cooperation and coordination) and data recording and usage (including data collection/distribution and data recording). Conclusion: The most important barrier is lack of national policy in child injury prevention. The most important facilitator is improving MOHME function through passing supportive regulations. Effective data usage and dissemination of information to those requiring data for policy making can help reduce child injuries. Coalition of stakeholders helps overcome existing barriers.     

髋臼假体置入角度对髋关节功能的影响

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体安放角度对髋关节功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2018年4月在山西医科大学第二医院行单侧全髋关节置换术的432例患者临床资料。随访评价患者末次改良Harris评分及髋关节活动度。比较不同组间的髋关节活动度、改良Harris评分及其优良率。结果外展角35°～45°组、45°～55°组Harris评分及其优良率比≤35°组、55°组高,外展角各组的髋关节活动度从大到小依次为45°～55°组、35°～45°组、≤35°组与55°组。前倾角各组Harris评分比较,15°～25°组高于5°～15°组高于≤5°组,前倾角各组的髋关节活动度从大到小依次为15°～25°组、5°～15°组、≤5°组与25°组。结论在全髋关节置换术后的早期随访中,外展角重建于35°～55°比重建于≤35°、55°术后髋关节功能恢复要好,但重建于45°～55°可获得最优的髋关节活动度;髋臼前倾角重建于15°～25°可能为全髋关节置换髋臼假体置入的最佳选择,但仍需进一步验证。